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Hardly a week goes by without some advance in technology that would have seemed incredible 50 years ago.And we can expect the rate of change to accelerate rather than slow down within our lifetime.The developments in technology are bound to have a dramatic effect on the future of work.By 2010, new technology will have revolutionized communications.People will be transmitting messages down telephone lines that previously would have been sent by post.Not only postmen but also clerks and secretaries will vanish in a paper-free society.All the routine tasks they perform will be carried on a tiny silicon chip so that they will be as obsolete(已废弃的) as the horse and cart after the invention of the motorcar.One change will make thousands, if not millions, redundant.
Even people in traditional professions, where expert knowledge has been the key, are unlikely to escape the effects of new technology.Instead of going to a solicitor, you might go to a computer that is programmed with all the most up-to-date legal information.Doctors, too, will find that an electronic competitor will be able to carry out a much quicker and more accurate diagnosis and recommend more efficient courses of treatment.In education, teachers will be largely replaced by teaching machines far more knowledgeable than any human being.Most learning will take place in the home via video conferencing.Children will still go to school though, until another place is created where they can make friends and develop social skills.
1
According to the writer, the rate of change in technology______.
A.
will remain the same
B.
will slow down
C.
will speed up
D.
can not be predicted
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
事实细节题。只要知道第1段第2句中的关键词accelerate意为speed up"加速,加快",就可以排除其他选项。
2
The writer expects that by 2020 new technology will have revolutionized communications and ____
A.
people needn't telephone each other
B.
the present postal system will have disappeared
C.
people will no longer send letters
D.
the postmen will have been replaced by silicon chip.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
事实细节题。本题考査对比处。作者在第1段第5句中通过previously将过去与现在作对比,指出现在传递消息的途径与过去不一样了,由此可判断B为正确选项。本题最具干扰性的是选项C,第1段倒数第3句提到以 后邮递员将会消失,但这并不意味着人们不再写信和寄信,以后可能会有新的送信方式,因此选项C是不对的。
3
The word "they" (Line 6,Para.1) refers to _____.
A.
the tiny silicon chips
B.
the letter written on paper
C.
the postmen, clerks and secretaries
D.
the routine tasks performed by the postmen
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
词义推断题。they所在的句子是第1段倒数第2句,本句中两个they的指代是一样的,因此,只要找到第一个they的指代就能找到答案了。根据本段倒数第3句中"Not only postmen but also clerks and secretaries will vanish"及倒数第2句中的"All the routine tasks they perform..."可推断,they是指上一句中的postmen,clerks 和secretaries 。
4
From the second paragraph, we can infer that _____
A.
professionals won't be affected by new technology
B.
doctor won't be as efficient by the postmen
C.
computers cannot replace lawyers
D.
experts will lose job in the future
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
推理判断题。本题考査列举处。在第2段,作者列举了律师、医生、教师将会受到的新技术的影响,第3句指出医生的电子竞争者会做出更快更准的诊断,从而确定选项B说法正确,而选项A和C与原文不符,选项D言过其实,且缺乏合理的原文依据。
5
In the writer's view, _______.
A.
people should get prepared for the future
B.
there exists no real threat of unemployment
C.
the advance of technology is not desirable
D.
machines will have control over men
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
观点态度题。作者举出了大量实例暗示和告诫人们:正因为人类技术的发展日新月异,许多职业的存在都将受到威胁,人们应该采取积极态度以应对这种变化。选项B显然与第1段最后一句相悖;选项C无合理的推 断依据;文中虽提到新技术会在多方面影响人类,但并不能由此推断机器会控制人类,所以选项D不对。
Henry III didn't know much about biology.He went through six wives back in the 1500s, looking for one who could bear him a son.Scientists now know that it's the father's sperm, not the mother's egg, which determines whether a baby is a boy or a girl.And last week researchers at the Genetics and IVF Institute, a private fertility(生育能力)center in Virginia, announced a new technique that will allow parents to choose the sex of their baby-to-be, before it has even been conceived.The scientist used a tiny laser detector to measure the DNA in millions of sperm cells as they pass single file through a narrow tube, like cattle being herded through a corral(牲口栏).In a study published last week, "girl sperm," which has more DNA—the genetic material— in each cell, was collected, while "boy sperm" was discarded.And when purified girl sperm was used to impregnate(使受孕)a group of mothers, 15 of 17 resulting babies turned out to be girls.
The researchers say that "sex selection" can also double a mother's chance of having a son and can be used to avoid genetic diseases that affect only one gender, such as hemophilia(血友病).But some experts, like New York University fertility specialist Dr.Jamie Grifo, worry that sex selection could lead to a kind of in uteri(子宫)discrimination, especially in cultures where sons are considered superior to daughters."It's valuing one gender' over another," Grifo says."I don't think that's something we should be doing." So far, patients at the institute have been asking for both boys and girls, in order to "balance" their families.And some ethics experts say that's fine, as long as parents are just looking for a little gender variety."If you have three boys, and you want a girl," says University of Texas reproductive-law professor John Robertson, "that's not gender bias at all."
6
The DNA in the sperm cells can be measured ______.
A.
in the same way how the cattle are herded
B.
when they pass through a tube one behind the other
C.
after they pass through a laser tube
D.
when they are scanned by a laser detector all at a time
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
推理判断题。解答本题的关键在于推断single file的意思。该句把精子通过试管的情形与牛群被赶入牲口圈的情形作对比,结合single一词本身的意思,可以推断single file是"一个接一个"的意思,只有选项B能表达这个意思,由此也可否定选项D。选项A最具干扰性,原句是把精子通过试管的情形比作牛群被赶人牲口圈的情形,而选项A说的是测定精子内DNA的方法与放牧的方法相同,显然选项A只是引用了原文的某些词语,但表达的意思与原文却截然不同。
7
The gender of the baby is decided by ______.
A.
the father's DNA
B.
the mother's DNA
C.
the father's sperm
D.
the mother's egg
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
事实细节题。第1段第3句which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰的是the father's sperm,而不是插入语the mother's egg,因此选项C正确。
8
According to this passage, the practice of "sex selection" ______.
A.
can help to prevent all genetic problems
B.
is totally unacceptable to ethics experts
C.
was already realized five hundred years ago
D.
will benefit families with certain inheritable diseases
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
推理判断题。第2段第1句中的genetic暗示有些疾病是遗传的,即如选项D所述。第2段第1句同时表明选项A的说法是不全面的。选项B与第2段最后两句正好相反。第1段前两句说明选项C是错误的。
9
Girl sperm was preferred to boy sperm in the research most probably because____
A.
girl sperm contains more genetic material
B.
more mother want to have girl babies
C.
girl sperm is healthier and more active
D.
girl sperm is more easily purified
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
事实细节题。第1段倒数第2句中的由which引导的定语从句表明选项A的叙述正确。
10
It can be concluded from the passage that author's toward"sex selection"is____
A.
negative
B.
positive
C.
neutral
D.
favorable
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
观点态度题。文章第2段中作者给出了一些反对者和赞成者的观点,但是没有加以评论,可以看出作者的态度是中立的,故选项C正确。
The dancers stand motionless at their position and the room grows silent.But as the music starts, they began to move, bending, turning and waving their fans gracefully as they perform.a traditional Japanese dance.Yoshihiro Kuroki watches in silence, occasionally making notes.But as the dance ends, he beams with happiness.The performance has been flawless.
There have been many performances of traditional Japanese dances over the centuries, but this one is unique, because it is performed not by human dancers but by robots.And the performance takes place not in a dance studio but in a laboratory of Sony Corp.'s Entertainment Robot Co.in Shinagawa, Japan, where Kuroki is general manager.He is the mastermind behind a series of even more capable humanoid entertainment robots, starting with the Sony Dream Robot, or SDR, in 1997, up to the current QRIO in 2003
These delightful machines are only 58 cm tall, about the size of a newborn infant, weigh about 7 kg, and move with 38 degrees of freedom, each with its own servomotor(辅助马达).
QRIO's predecessor, the SDR4X, announced in 2002, can walk, dance, sing, speak, recognize faces, and understand continuous speech.Each robot has two charge-coupled-device cameras to detect color and position and can locate a colored ball, move toward it, and kick it into a goal.It also has contact sensors in several joints to avoid pinching real human fingers.Seeing the robot perform, it is difficult to remember that there is no sentience(知觉)behind those glass eyes.
11
Which of the following is the most suitable title of this passage?
A.
New Entertainment Robots Produced in Japan.
B.
QRIO the Robot Dancers.
C.
Robots Man's Best Friend.
D.
An Extraordinary Performance in Sony's Lab.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
主旨大意题。标题需要既全面又突出地概括文章的主题。本文先是描述"舞蹈演员",然后揭晓这是些"机器人"(第2段第1句),接着对Sony公司的一些机器人产品进行详细介绍。选项A比较全面地概括了文章内容。选项B、D只是涉及细节,不能全面地概括本文的内容。而C又过于笼统,不具有针对性。
12
Yoshihiro Kuroki ______.
A.
is excited when the robots are performing a traditional Japanese dance
B.
keeps silent because he is a little unsatisfied with the new product
C.
witnesses the creation of a series of entertainment robots
D.
is an executive manager of Sony Corp.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
事实细节题。选项C符合第2段最后一句"He is the mastermind behind a series of...robots..."。仔细阅读有关的细节信息会发现,第1段第3句可帮助否定选项A。第1段最后两句可帮助否定选项B。另外,根据第2段倒数第2句可否定选项D。
13
Which aspect of the robots is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.
The vividness of their motion.
B.
Their pleasant appearance.
C.
Their smart designing principles.
D.
Their communicative ability.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
事实细节题。全文分四段,分别讨论机器人三方面的特点:第1段和第2段描述机器人舞蹈演员栩栩如生的表演,即选项A;第3段描写它们的外表,即选项B;第4段介绍它们巧妙的设计,即选项C;只有选项D是没有提到的,故为答案。
14
The Sony Dream Robot was___
A.
the first human-like entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp
B.
as capable as the QRIO of speaking,dancing,singing and walking
C.
largest among all the entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp
D.
the first entertainment robot sold at the market by the Sony Corp
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
推理判断题。该句中的分词结构"starting with..."表明the Sony Dream Robot是第一个人形娱乐机器人,因此选项A正确。文章在最后一段的第1句提到两种能说话、跳舞的机器人,但没有提到SDR是否和它们一样,由此可否定选项B。在第3段讨论机器人大小的时候也没有提到SDR体型最大,因此选项C不正确。选项D在文中没有讨论到。
15
The robot can locate colored balls by mens of ____
A.
a charge-coupled device
B.
two cameras
C.
two contacts sensors
D.
a digital detector
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
事实细节题。该句中"two…cameras to..."的结构表明这两个摄像头可以用于定位,所以选项B正确。选项A在该句中也有提到,但它只是摄像机的工作机制,而不是用于定位的装置。选项C在下一句提到,但与题干提到的定位功能无关。选项D在文中并未提及。
Like a needle climbing up a bathroom scale, the number keeps rising.In 1991, 15% of Americans were obese(肥胖的); by 1999, that proportion had grown to 27%.Youngsters, who should have age and activity on their side, are growing larger as well: 19% of Americans under 17 are obese.Waistbands have been popping in other western countries too, as physical activity has declined and diets have expanded.By and large, people in the rich world seem to have lost the fight against flab(松弛).
Meanwhile, poorer nations have enjoyed some success in their battles against malnutrition and famine.But, according to research presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, it is more a case of being out of the frying pan and into the fire.The most striking example actually in the poor world comes from the Pacific islands, home of the world's most obese communities.In 1966, 14% of the men on this island were obese while 100% of men under the age of 30 in 1996 were obese.
This increase in weight has been uneven as well as fast.As a result, undernourished and over-nourished people frequently live cheek by jowl(面颊).The mix can even occur within a single household.A study of families in Indonesia found that nearly 10% contained both the hungry and the fat.This is a mysterious phenomenon, but might have something to do with people of different ages being given different amounts of food to eat.
The prospect of heading off these problems is bleak.In many affected countries there are cultural factors to contend with, such as an emphasis on eating large meals together, or on food as a form.of hospitality.Moreover, there is a good measure of disbelief on the part of policymakers that such a problem Could exist in their countries.Add to that reluctance on the part of governments to spend resources on promoting diet and exercise while starvation is still a real threat, and the result is a recipe for inaction.Unless something is done soon, it might not be possible to turn the clock back.
16
The first sentence of the passage most probably implies that ______.
A.
many Americans are obsessed with the rising temperature in their bathroom
B.
more people are overweighed in the United States
C.
people are doing more physical exercises with the help of scales
D.
youngsters become taller and healthier thanks to more activities
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
推理判断题。根据第1段第2句可推断第1句中的the number是指体重增加的人数,故答案为B。
17
As physical exercise declines and diet expands, ______.
A.
other western countries has been defeated by fat
B.
obesity has become an epidemic(流行病)of the rich world
C.
waistbands begin to be popular in other western countries
D.
western countries can no longer fight against obesity
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
推理判断题。本题需要正确理解借代修饰手法。Waistbands have been popping形象刻画出其他西方社会急剧肥胖化的过程,故答案为B。本题很明显是考查因果关系的,第1段倒数第2句明确指出这个因果关系,只要根据该句做出选择就可以了。如果看得过远,反而有可能误选A或D。
18
Which is NOT the point of the example of the Pacific Islands?
A.
The poor community has shaken off poverty and people are well-fed now.
B.
Obesity is becoming a problem in the developing world too.
C.
Excessive weight increase will cause no less harm than the food shortage.
D.
The problem of overweight emerges very fast.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
事实细节题。此处的例子是证明前一句话的,即But后面的内容。同时,两个年份的比较也突出问题发展的迅猛,从而印证下一段的主题句"This increase in weight has been uneven as well as fast."说明了贫穷与肥胖是并存的。例子一般是用来证明紧挨着的前面或后面的论述,此处证明的观点在之前,其中的重点应该是But后面的内容,所以选项A与文中意思不符。注意本题要选的是NOT the point of the example。
19
Of tackling obesity in the poor world, we can learn from the passage that____
A.
the matter is so complex as to go beyond our capacity
B.
no matter what we do, the prospect will always be bleak
C.
it is starvation, the real threat, that needs to be solved
D.
we should take immediate actions before it becomes incurable
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
观点态度题。文章最后一句扭转了整段的基调。作者呼吁解决这一问题,前文正是为此作铺垫,突出问题的复杂性和时间的紧迫性。
20
What is the main idea of this passage?
A.
Obesity is now a global problem that needs tackling.
B.
The weights increase fast throughout the whole world.
C.
Obesity and starvation are two main problems in the poor world.
D.
Obesity has shifted from the rich world to the poor world.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
主旨大意题。本文话题为obesity,作者从美国谈到所有西方国家,最后重点讨论其在发展中国家的最新发展趋势以及种种可能的成因,并强调应当尽早解决问题,故选项A正确。肥胖问题的阵营没有转移,只是扩大了,故选项D不对。选项B只是片面信息,没有包括最后一段关于如何解决肥胖问题的内容。选项C中的starvation并非本文讨论的主要话题。
It happens to every medical student sooner or later.You get a cough that persists for a while.Ordinarily, you would just ignore it--but now, armed with your rapidly growing medical knowledge, you can't help worrying.The cough could mean just a cold, but it could also be a sign of lung cancer.
For doctors in training, nurses and medical journalists, hypochondria is an occupational danger.The feeling usually passes after a while, leaving only a funny story to tell at a dinner party.But for the tens of thousands who suffer from true hypochondria they live in constant terror that they are dying of some awful disease, or even several awful diseases at once.Doctors can assure them that there's nothing wrong, but since the cough is real, the assurances fall on deaf ears.And because no physician or test can offer a 100% guarantee that one doesn't have cancer, a hypochondriac always has fuel to feed Iris .or her worst fears.
Hypochondriacs don't harm just themselves; they block the whole healthcare system.Although they account for only about 6% of the patients who visit doctors every year, they tend to burden their physicians with frequent visits that take up excessive amounts of time.And the problem may be worse, thanks to the popularity of medical information on the Internet.They go on the Web and learn about new diseases and new presentations of old diseases that they never even knew about before.Doctors have taken to calling this phenomenon cyberchondria (网络疑病症).
21
According to the passage, if you suffer from hypochondria, ______.
A.
you must be a medical student, or a medical worker
B.
you are haunted by a possibly inexistent disease
C.
you will never get rid of this disease
D.
you always tell funny stories at dinner parties
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
事实细节题。仔细读完第2段后半部分,不难发现hypochondria只是瞎猜疑,故选项B正确。时常怀疑自己生病是医务人员的职业病,但为此困扰的并不仅仅是他们,因为第2段第3句说:"But...who suffer from true hypochondria...",说明医务人员不是真正的疑病症患者,故选项A不正确。选项C过于极端。选项D是对原文断章取义。
22
Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A.
Hypochondria happens to everybody sooner or later.
B.
We needn't worry about hypochondria since it is not dangerous at all.
C.
Hypochondria originates from too much knowledge of medicine.
D.
Not only individuals but also the healthcare system might be disturbed by unnecessary terrors.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
主旨大意题。第1段以举例方式引入主题,第2段对hypochondria下定义,第3段则论述其对医疗保健体系造成的干扰,选项D正确全面地概括了文章大意,为正确答案。全文的中心词是hypochondria,在四个选项中,干扰项(选项A、B、C)都出现了该词,只有正确选项(选项D)没有直接使用该词。
23
Why can't doctors convince the suffers that there is nothing wrong?
A.
Because the doctors can't cure the minor diseases
B.
Because the doctors don't assure them of that
C.
Because the sufferers are deaf and cannot hear what the doctors say
D.
Because lack of absolute guarantee makes the patients doubtful
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
事实细节题。根据文中的"because no physician or test can offer a 100% guarantee that one doesn't have cancer..."即可得出选项D正确。原文虽有表示"咳嗽确实存在",但这并不意味着医生不能治好类似的小毛病,因此选项A不正确。误选C是没有正确理解短语fall on deaf ears,该固定表达的意思是"充耳不闻"。
24
The problem becomes worse due to _____
A.
the increasing number of patients
B.
the widespread medical knowledge on the Internet
C.
the patients,regular visits to doctors that occupy too much time
D.
new diseases and symptoms emerge constantly
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
推理判断题。句中thanks to是讽刺的用法,引出原因,故选项B正确。本题考查因果关系,要辨别明显的因果关系,只要关注文中是否有because, reason, due to, thanks to, result等词即可。
25
What does the author most probably think about hypochondria?
A.
The author considers that hypochondria is an incurable disease
B.
The author thinks that the consequences of hypochondria might be disastrous
C.
The author suggests that the patients who have hypochondria should set their hearts at rest
D.
The author sympathizes with the patients who suffer from hypochondria
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
观点态度题。从作者对hypochondria的描述可以看出此病只是源于多疑,并非生理上的不治之症,因此只要病人们放宽心,此病就能痊愈。故选项C正确。选项A的incurable和B的disastrous都太绝对,比较容易排除。而本文基调较为客观,作者没有表露个人情感,故选项D也不正确。
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