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Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control.In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"-the random byproducts of the neural repair work that goes on during sleep.Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better."It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center, "if you don't like it, change it."
The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic.Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.
And this process need not be left to the unconscious.Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream.Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course.With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic," Cartwright says.Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety.Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.
1
By saying that "dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat," (Lines 4-5, Para.1) the researchers mean that _______.
A.
we can think logically in the dreams too
B.
dreams can be brought under conscious control
C.
dreams represent our unconscious desires and fears
D.
dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
词义理解题。在第1段第4句中,逗号后面的regulating moods是对emotional thermostat的功能进行解释说明,因此可以推断出选项D正确。
2
What did Cartwright find in her clinic?
A.
Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones.
B.
Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.
C.
One's dreaming process is related to his emotion.
D.
People having negative feelings dream more often.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
事实细节题。最具干扰的是选项A,因为其陈述与第2段第2句的陈述有点相似,但是,此长句说的是大多数人上半夜做噩梦,之后都会做好梦,而不是像选项A中所说大多数噩梦之后是好梦。而且,根据本段第1 句,很明显,选项C是这一句的近义替换。
3
Cartwright believed with much practice,we can learn to _____.
A.
control what dreams to dream
B.
sleep well without any dreams
C.
wake up in time to stop the bad dreams
D.
identify what is upsetting about the dreams
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
推理判断题。本题考査对代词的理解。在第3段的最后一句中,代词it应指上文说到的控制噩梦,及时醒来等做法,因此只有选项C涉及了其中一个做法。选项A太泛了,选项B和D在文中并无提及。
4
The author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should ______
A.
learn to control his dreams
B.
consult a doctor
C.
sleep and dream on it
D.
get rid of anxiety first
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
事实细节题。本题考查根据构词法猜测词义的能力。解题关键是推断最后一段第3句中therapist的意义,在考纲词汇表中,therapy是"治疗"的意思,因此,therapist应该是专门负责某种治疗的医生,由此可见,选项B是对原文seek help from a therapist的近义替换。
5
The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is ______.
A.
a good practice
B.
a new discovery
C.
helpful for everyone
D.
not essential for everyone
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
观点态度题。根据最后一句可以推断作者认为如无必要,梦还是不要控制的好。做梦会让你早上感觉舒服一些,因此本题应选D。
Imagine you went to a restaurant with a date; had a burger, paid with a credit card, and left.The next time you go there, the waiter or waitress, armed with your profile data, greets you with, "Hey Joe, how are you? Mary is over there in the seat you sat in last time.Would you like to join her for dinner again?" Then you find out that your burger has been cooked and your drink is on the table.Forget the fact that you are with another date and are on a diet that doesn't include burgers.Sound a little bizarre? To some, this is restaurant equivalent of the Internet.The Net's ability to profile you through your visits to and interactions at websites provides marketers with an enormous amount of data on you—some of which you may not want them to have.
Are you aware that almost every time you access a website you get a "cookie"? Unfortunately, it's not the Mrs.Reid's type.A cookie on the Internet is a computer code sent by the site to your computer—usually without your knowledge.During the entire period of time that you are at the site, the cookie is collecting information about your interaction, including where you visit, how long you stay there, how frequently you return to certain pages, and even your electronic address.Fill out a survey to collect free information or samples, and marketers know even more about you—like your name, address, and any other information you provide.While this may sound scary enough, cookies aren't even the latest in technology.A new system called I-librarian Alexa—named for the legendary third century B.C.library in Alexandria, Egypt—does even more.While cookies track what you are doing at one site, Alexa collects data on all your Web activity, such as which sites you visit next, how long you stay there, whether you click on ads,etc.All this information is available to marketers, who use it to market more effectively to you.Not only do you not get paid for providing the information, you probably don't even know that you are giving it.
6
In the restaurant story, the author may most probably think the waiter or waitress was ________ 。
A.
considerate
B.
polite
C.
irritating
D.
unsmart
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
推理判断题。第1段中,乔另约了一名新女友去餐馆,餐馆服务员却招呼他坐在上次约会的女友身边,并且为他准备了与上次同样的食品,包括他节食忌用的汉堡,这样的服务肯定会使乔做出负面的评价.因此选项A和选项B部不对。此外,这个故亊是为了指出滥用别人的个人资料会惹人讨厌,因此可推断乔对餐厅服务员的做法会感到生气。选项D虽然也是反面的评价,但是这个选项可能表明乔不介意自己的资料被盗用,只是觉得餐厅服务员使用的时候不够灵活。这与文章的主题不符。
7
The author makes up the restaurant story in order to _______ 。
A.
show the good service offered in some Web restaurants
B.
criticize some restaurants for too considerate service
C.
show the Internet's ability to collect data on you
D.
prove the incredible power of the Internet
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
推理判断题。本题考查例子与主题之间的关系。答题的依据是第1段最后两句,文章指出餐馆跟因特网一样,它们都收集用户的信息。选项A和B都只渗及表面,选項D则不如选项C确切、具体。
8
What can be learned about "cookie" from the second paragraph?
A.
It was first created by Mrs.Reid.
B.
It collects information on you without your knowing it
C.
It's some information sent to your computer about yourself.
D.
It's the latest in technology.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
事实细节题。选择依据是第2段第3句及第4句。选项B是对这两句话的归纳。选項A谈的是可食用的甜饼,而不是本文叙述的用于收集用户信息的一种软件。选項C是对第2段第3、4句的歪曲理解。文章明确提出了cookie不是最新的发明,选項D不正确。
9
What can be learned about "Alexa" from the second paragraph?
A.
Alexa is named after an ancient hero in Egypt
B.
Alexa is installed in libraries.
C.
Alexa can collect all the necessary data on you.
D.
Alexa can provide more data for marketers than a cookie.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
事实细节题。本句考查复杂句的理解,并涉及两个事物的对比。第2段介绍Alexa时,指明它does even more,接着用while连接一个让步状语从句,其主句是关于Alexa的信息,据此可以判断选项D正确。选项 A和B与原文不符,容易排除。选項C指出Alexa能收集到所有必要的资料,这是对其作用的夸大,实际上,根据倒数第3句,它收集的只是所有网上活动的资料。
10
Which of the following words can best reflect the author's attitude to cookies and Alexa?
A.
Critical
B.
Suspicious.
C.
Objective.
D.
Optimistic.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
观点态度题。判断依据是文中作者所使用的一些词句,如:usually without your knowledge, sound scary及最后一句。这些显示了作者对cookie和Alexa持反对、批评的态度。
The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections.Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human -like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure.Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will.It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software (软件)or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.
I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon (硅)will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors.Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design.In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves.Silicon will have ended carbon's long control.And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.
As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves.Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined.Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.
11
In what way can we make a machine intelligent?
A.
By making it work in such environments as deserts, oceans or space.
B.
By working hard for 10 or 20 years.
C.
By either properly programming it or changing its structure.
D.
By reproducing it.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
事实细节题。第1段末提到,使机器具有智能的方法有两种,要么安装合适软件,要么改变其架构,故C正确。
12
What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability?
A.
He believes they will be useful to human beings.
B.
He believes that they will control us in the future.
C.
He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.
D.
He doesn't consider the construction of such machines possible.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
观点态度题。作者在最后一段提到智能机器人可为人类做很多好事,故他对机器人态度是肯定的,故A正确,同时排除C。文中只是说机器人会超越人类,但并未提到会控制人类,故B排除;D与第1段末的that too will happen矛盾,故错误。
13
The word "carbon" (Line 4, Para.2) stands for _________.
A.
intelligent robots
B.
a chemical element
C.
an organic substance
D.
human beings
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
词义理解题。文中提到"硅"将会终结"碳"的长期统治地位,联系上文可知,"硅"指的是智能机器人,再结合上文的机器人会超越人类,故可确定"碳"指代的是人类。
14
A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when _______.
A.
its intelligence and cost are beyond question
B.
it is able to bear the rough environment
C.
it is made as complex as the human brain
D.
its architecture is different from that of the present ones
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
事实细节題。第3段首提到,智能机器人能帮助开发边远地区的条件是intelligence....increase to match that of humans和cost declines,A与此相对应,故正确。
15
It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
A.
after the installation of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capable of self-reproduction
B.
with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability
C.
once we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will posses intelligence
D.
robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in space
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
推理判断題。综观全文,作者讨论制作智能机器人的可能性及其影响,B所述与此相符。文中指出智能机器人的自我繁殖就是设计自己,故A错误;第1段指出在制作出与人脑一样复杂的机器人后,还必须花很长时间安装软件或改变架构后才能使其拥有智能,故C错误;D中的控制人造世界属过度推断,文中并未提及。
Oceanography has been defined as "The application of all sciences to the study of the sea".
Before the nineteen century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between.Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.
For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.The first time that question "What is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.The had to know the depth profile(起伏形状)of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.mote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.The first time that question "What is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.The engineers had to know the depth profile(起伏形状)of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.
It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter.In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(测身) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.
The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable.At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
Within a few years oceanography was under way.In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition(考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea.Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 189【小题5】
16
The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on ______.
A.
an academic aspect C.a business aspect
B.
a military aspect D.an i
C.
a business aspect
D.
B.a military aspect
E.
an international aspect
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
亊实判断题。文章第3段第2句提到,这个问題的解答是具有商业结果的。C中的business为原文中commercial 同义改写,故选C。
17
It was ______ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.
A.
the American Navy
B.
some early intercontinental travelers
C.
those who earned a living from the sea
D.
the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
细节题。文章第4段首句为一个强调句,强调的是宾语。题干也是一个强调句型,但强调的是主语。如果把原文的强调句型改为一般的句型,就知道向Maury寻求帮助的是the Atlantic Telegraph Company.故答案为D。A是Maury的工作单位,可以排除;原文只提到对于一些早期的穿越洲际的旅行家和依靠海洋维持生计的人,海洋并不遥远,故B、C与题意不符。
18
The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840s was ______.
A.
to make some sounding experiments in the oceans
B.
to collect samples of sea plants and animals
C.
to estimate the length of cable that was needed
D.
to measure the depths of the two oceans
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
亊实判断题。文章第4段提到,19世纪40年代,Maury负责推动进行测深工作的海上航行,以此来探测北大西洋与太平洋的深度.故选D。
19
"Defied" in the 5th paragraph probably means "______".
A.
doubted C.challenged
B.
gave proof to
C.
challenged
D.
B.gave proof to
E.
agreed to
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
词义推断题。当时的科学观点是海洋较深的地方不存在生命,而事实上在电缆表面发现了活的生物.由此可知这一亊实对当时的科学观点提出质疑,故答案为C。
20
This passage is mainly about ______.
A.
the beginnings of oceanography
B.
the laying of the first undersea cable
C.
the investigation of ocean depths
D.
the early intercontinental communications
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
主旨题。通读全文可知,oceanography(海洋学)是全文的中心词,本文主要讲述海洋学是如何起步的,故答案为A 。B、C只表述了原文中个別细节,并非主题;D跟全文无关。
A breakthrough (突破) in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community (EEC) could be brought froward by up to two decades, if a modest increase could be provided in the EEC's research effort in this field, according to the senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EEC's scientific laboratories at Ispra, near Milan.
The senior West German scientist in charge of the Community's solar energy programme, Mr.Joachim Gretz, told journalists that at present levels of research spending it was most unlikely that solar energy would provide as much as three per cent of the Community's energy requirements even after the year 2000.But he said that with a modest increase in the present sums, devoted by the EEC to this work it was possible that the breakthrough could be achieved by the end of the next decade.
Mr.Gretz calculates that if solar energy only provided three per cent of the EEC's needs, this could still produce a saving of about a billion pounds in the present bill for imported energy each year.And he believes that with the possibility of utilizing more advanced technology in this field it might be possible to satisfy a much bigger share of the Community's future energy needs.
At present the EEC spends about $26 millions a year on solar research at Ispra, one of the EEC's official joint research centres, and another $3 millions a year in indirect research with universities and other independent bodies.
21
The phrase "be brought forward" (Line 2, Para.1) most probably means "______".
A.
be expected C.be advanced
B.
be completed D.
C.
be advanced
D.
B.be completed
E.
be introduced
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
本题可以采用排除法。A项"期望(突破)"不合逻辑;B项complete不能跟breakthrough搭配;D项"引出(突 破)"句义不通。故只能选C。
22
Some scientists believe that a breakthrough in the use of solar energy depends on ______.
A.
sufficient funding C.advanced technology
B.
further experiments D.well-
C.
advanced technology
D.
B.further experiments
E.
well-equipped laboratories
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
由文章第1、2段可知,只要稍微增加科研经费,在利用太阳能方面可能再过10年便可获得突破,故A正确。B、 D两项并未在文中提及;第3段提到,如果采用先进的技术,可能在未来能满足欧共体更大的能源需求,但这并非获得突破的条件,故排除C。
23
According to Mr.Gretz, the present sum of money will enable the scientists to provide _____.
A.
more than 3% of the EEC's needs after the year 2000
B.
only 3% of the EEC's needs before the year 2000
C.
less than 3% of the EEC's needs before the year 2000
D.
3% of the EEC's needs after the year 2000
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
第2段首句提到,如果科研经费保持目前的水平,即使到2000年太阳能也不可能供应欧共体所需能源的3%,C与之相符。
24
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage ?
A.
The EEC spends one billion pounds on imported energy each year.
B.
At the present level of research spending, it is difficult to make any significant progress in the provision of energy from the sun.
C.
The desired breakthrough could be obtained by the end of the next decade if investment were increased.
D.
The total yearly spending of the EEC on solar energy research amounted to almost 6 million.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
根据第3段第1句可知,10亿英镑是在太阳能提供给EEC所需能源的3%这一前提下,每年可在能源进口省下来的钱,故A表述错误。本题也可以采用排除法:B、C两项的内容出现在了第2段;D出现在第4段中,均可排除。
25
The application of advanced technology to research in solar energy ______.
A.
would lead to a big increase in research funding
B.
would make it unnecessary to import oil
C.
would make it possible to meet the future energy needs of the EEC
D.
would provide a much greater proportion of the Community's future energy needs
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
根据第3段第2句可知,利用先进的技术能更大地满足欧共体未来的能源需求,故选D。
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