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I have no choice but to be skeptical about electronic books，because it isn't technology that's holding up this industry, just common sense. I well recall attending the Magazine Publishers of American conference in Florida about 5 years ago. One of the keynote speakers was CAA's Mike Ovitz, then riding high. He bounded on the stage, clutching some kind of little electronic screen. and proceeded to say that electronic downloads would soon replace the print medium. Notwithstanding the fact that Ovitz has not been wrong about everything he's bet on since leaving CAA, I knew he was wrong then about electronic print downloads.
The e-book, you could argue, is environmentally friendly, which is true, but it is also incredibly counter-intuitivc. Computer engineers spend a lot of their time coming up with ways to make computers ubiquitous（普遍存在的）in consumer lives, and they've largely succeeded in that, which is part of the point. Many consumers have also been busy rejecting electronic banking, partly because we want a few tactile experiences left in our lives, and handling money is one of those experiences. Reading a book, in a way, is an act of rebellion today. It's a statement that despite the 35 channels coming in on the cable box, the billions of Web sites, and other diversions, you're going to read a book. This is something someone could have done in the 16th century, when the first books were printed in English.
I used to attend a regular "salon" in Manhattan, where Internet people would meet, have dinner and discuss the latest trends. One of the sponsors of these soirees who worked for a publishers brought an e-book to the group, and passed it around. Everything about it bugged（使烦恼） me; it was characterless, flat and soulless. One might imagine reading the works of Bill Gates on it, but the thought of reading Thackeray or Dickens or Wilkie Collins or even John Steinbeck on it, is a laughing matter.
In other words, books are more than just words, they have or used to have decorative covers because they are expressions of the author's creativity. That's why some people collect first editions. I hey want to own the book that was authorized by the writer, an edition he or she might have owned. As books age, they attain a certain patina（古色）, redolent of the history the object has been.
1
The author points out at the beginning that_____.
A.
electronic books are constrained by technology
B.
electronic books do not require sophisticated technology
C.
electronic books go against common sense
D.
technology dictates common sense
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
推断题。根据文章第一段第一句可判断出：阻碍电子书籍这项产业的不是技术，而是常识（common sense）。所以C项与原文相符。
2
The author acknowledges that_____.
A.
e-books do not pollute the environment
B.
e-books are easy to carry around
C.
e-books will soon replace printed books
D.
e-books will soon go out of fashion
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。根据文章第二段第一句“The e-book is environmentally friendly, which is true.”可知，A项为正确答案。
3
The word "tactile" (Line 5, Para.2) most probably means_____.
A.
creative
B.
pleasing to the eye
C.
exciting
D.
felt by touch
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
词汇题。tactile意思是“触觉的”，故D项为正确答案。
4
According to the author, which of the following is TRUE of reading such writers as Thackeray or Dickens on an e-book?
A.
The reader can only download part of their works.
B.
The reader does not have to know much about computer.
C.
The reader cannot appreciate the writer's creativity.
D.
The reader may suffer health hazard such as eyesight deterioration.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
推断题。文章第三段最后一句和第四段第一句提到：在电子书籍上阅读萨克雷、狄更斯、斯坦贝克等名人的著作是不可能的，而且这些书籍不仅仅是词汇的表述，它们有装饰漂亮的封面，因为它们是作者创造力的表现。由此可知C项为正确答案。
5
What is the author's main purpose?
A.
To forecast the e-book's future
B.
To make a case against e-books
C.
To suggest alternatives to printed books
D.
To explain why e-books will be the book of the future
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推断题。文章第一段作者指出：怀疑电子书籍；第三段举例说明通过e-book读一些名家名著是不可能的，毕竟那样不能领会作者的思想及创造力。由此判断作者反对e-book，故B项为正确答案。
Most people feel lonely sometimes but is usually lasts only between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact，it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Psychologists are studying this complex phenomenon in an attempt to better understand long-term loneliness. These researchers have already identified three different types of loneliness.
The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappear quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation, for example a divorce, the death of a loved one or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. Situational loneliness is easy to understand and to predict.
The third kind is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic（长期的）loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.
Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, i.e., friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. However, psychologists have found that the number of social contacts we have is not the only reason for loneliness. It is more important how many social contacts we think or expect we should have. In other words, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more.
Most researchers agree that the loneliest people are between the ages of 18 and 25. They found that more than 50 percent of the college freshmen were situationally lonely at the beginning of the semester, but had adjusted after a few months. Thirteen percent were still lonely after seven months due to shyness and fear. They felt very uncomfortable meeting new people, even though they understood that their fear was not rational. The situationally lonely freshmen overcame their loneliness by making new friends，but the chronically lonely people remained unhappy because they were afraid to do so.
6
What is the main idea of this passage?
A.
There are three different kinds of loneliness.
B.
Chronic loneliness is the most severe kind.
C.
Researchers want to cure loneliness.
D.
There is some difference between being alone and being lonely.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
主旨题。文章第一段是主题段，作者在此提出心理学家们将孤独分成了三种。
7
Lonely people have social contacts_____.
A.
because they can ask for help
B.
until they produce good health
C.
but they think they do not have enough
D.
and therefore they can get emotional support from their friends
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。第四段的后半部分提到心理学家发现感到孤独的人并不是缺乏与别人接触，而是他们觉得自己应该更多地与人交往。因此C项为正确答案。
8
Situational loneliness has made it possible for people_____.
A.
to adjust to their new circumstances
B.
to cause sleeplessness and headaches
C.
to understand that their shyness can not be got rid of
D.
to keep fit
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。从第二段的后半部分“Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness...”可以得出B项为正确答案。
9
"The situationally lonely freshmen overcame their loneliness" (Line 5-6, Para. 5) probably means_____.
A.
they accepted their loneliness
B.
they were no longer lonely
C.
they made new friends
D.
they improve their condition
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
词汇题。overcome是“克服”的意思。选项C是他们克服孤独感的途径，因此不是正确答案；选项 A和D不符合文章的意思。
10
What does "to do so" (Line 7, Para.5) mean?
A.
To predict situational loneliness
B.
To have physical problems
C.
To question popularity.
D.
To make new friends.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。因为这句话的前一部分说有情景孤独感的人通过交新朋友不再感到孤独，而有长期孤独感的人依然感到不快乐，因为他们害怕去交新朋友。
To read a new book, you simply need good light, time and the right frame of mind. But to read a new software package, you need a thousand pounds' worth of hardware t considerable computer knowledge, plenty of time and，most important of all, endless determination.
Generally speaking, all books are very much alike, and the experienced reader has no difficulty coping with an unfamiliar book. But imagine how frustrating（令人感到挫折的）it would be if you had to make a mental adjustment, if you had to read in a different way, every time you read a book from a different publisher. Yet this is exactly what it is like when you use a new software package.
You can be engrossed in a good book within a minute, but getting new software running takes ages. Learning to use a new piece of software is like trying to ride a trick bicycle, on which the handlebars have a reverse action. It looks easier than it really is. This is partly because you must first unlearn what you learnt on the last package； no two packages use the control characters on the keyboard in quite the same way. How much easier it would be if there were some standards to which all software writers adhered
Since you can't rely on your previous experience, the only way to understand your new software package is to rely on the manual. Some software manuals are written with the beginner in mind and have explicit instructions with well-designed exercises that lead you gently on from stage to stage. But most assume that you are already an expert, and have complicated explanations which only confuse and irritate（使恼怒）you. All require a full set of fingers and thumbs to mark pages while hunting out information. Yes, perhaps the information is in the manual, but where?
11
How do you probably feel when learning to use a new software package?
A.
frustrated
B.
encouraged
C.
engrossed
D.
dismayed
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。第二段中作者认为如果每次读不同的出版商出版的书，都得换一种读法，这是很让人受挫的，就像使用新的软件包一样。
12
The author mentions the trick bicycle, on which the handlebars have a reverse action, in order to show _____.
A.
how difficult it is to learn to ride a bicycle
B.
it is impossible to learn to ride this bicycle
C.
how difficult it is to learn a new software package
D.
to learn to ride a bicycle is the same thing as to learn a new software package
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。第三段第二、第三句讲1到,使用一个新的软件就像骑一辆车把向前的特技自行车一样，因此C项最符合题意。
13
How could a software package become easier to users according to the author?
A.
All software packages are made by the same software company.
B.
The users are familiar with all kinds of software packages.
C.
There are some standards to which all software writers adhere.
D.
There is a committee which examines all software packages.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。在第三段“How much easier it would be if there were some standards to which all software writers adhered.”中，作者表达了他的愿望。因此C项为正确答案。
14
What is the most common problem in software manuals according to the passage?
A.
They have complicated explanations which are quite beyond your understanding.
B.
They are printed in very small characters.
C.
Their instructions and explanations are too simple.
D.
They are written with the beginner in mind.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推断题。在第四段的后半部分，作者认为软件使用手册过于复杂，没有充分考虑到使用者的水平，影响到软件的使用。B项提及的并不是主要原因；C项与原文冲突；D项断章取义。
15
We can infer from the passage that the word "explicit" (Line 3, Para. 4) means _____.
A.
confusing
B.
clear
C.
complicated
D.
involved
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
词汇题。根据上下文，“有些软件使用手册编写时就考虑到初学者的水平”，“还配有精心设计的由浅入深的练习”，因此explicit的意思应该是“清楚，明白”。
Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word "obey" is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.
Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative（表示）of delight, distress, sociability（社交）and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby's intention to communicate? They can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed，too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their store. This self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered speech.
It is a problem we need not get our teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation; and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world. Thus the use, say at seven months, of "mama" as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog，or anything else he likes.
Playful and apparently meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself. I doubt, however, whether anything is gained when parents cash in on this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.
16
Before children start speaking, ______.
A.
they need equal amount of listening
B.
they need different amounts of listening
C.
they are all eager to cooperate with adults by obeying spoken instructions
D.
they can't understand and obey adult's oral instructions
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。第一段第二句讲到，在小孩学会说话之前，individual children vary是greatly in the amount of listening they do，B项与这个意思最接近，所以是正确答案。
17
Children who start speaking late _____.
A.
may have problems with their hearing
B.
probably do not hear enough language spoken around them
C.
usually pay close attention to what they hear
D.
often take a longer time in learning to listen properly
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。第一段第二句说到“...late speakers are often long listeners”。D项解释了这种说法，而 A、B、C三项则与文章内容不符。
18
A baby's first noises are_____.
A.
a reflection of his moods and feelings
B.
an early form of language
C.
a sign that he means to tell you something
D.
an imitation of the speech of adults
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推断题。第二段第二句说到“It is agreed that they enjoy making noises and that...and so on.”在婴儿刚刚开始发出声音的几个月里，他们用一两种声音来表示自己的快乐和悲伤以及与别人交流。因此A项（作为他的情绪和感情的一种反映）最符合这个意思。而B、C、D三项都把这种行为视作语言， 不符合文章的原意。
19
The problem of deciding at what point a baby's imitations can be considered as speech _____.
A.
is important because words have different meanings for different people
B.
is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually
C.
is one that can never be properly understood because the meaning of words chants with age
D.
is one that should be completely ignored because children's use of words often meaningless
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推断题。根据是第二段最后一句和第三段第一句。
20
According to the passage_____.
A.
parents can never hope to teach their children new sounds
B.
children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak
C.
children who are good at imitating learn new sounds more quickly
D.
even after they have learnt to speak children still enjoy imitating
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推断题。最后一段讲到：在小孩学会自己说话之后，他们还会继续模仿那些他们并不明白是什么意思的话，D项符合这一说法；而A和C项与此段第二句“I doubt, however, whether anything is gained when parents cash in on this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.”相关，但内容不符，因此D项为正确答案。
Learning disabilities arc very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.
Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better- Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they arc caused by many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.
You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.
In one study, researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things. One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning-disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together.
The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind，an early expert on learning disabilities. Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said，nerve cells there did not connect as they should. So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.
Other researchers did not examine brain tissue. Instead，they measured the brain's electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals. Frank Duffy experimented with this technique at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston. Doctor Duffy found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems. The differences appeared throughout the brain. Doctor Duffy said his research gives evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side.
21
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.
Learning disabilities may result from the unknown area of the brain.
B.
Learning disabilities may result from damage to a wide area of the brain.
C.
Learning disabilities may result from abnormal organization of brain cells.
D.
Learning disabilities may result from problems in the left side of the brain.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推断题。第六段最后两句提到了选项B，第五段最后两行提到了选项C，第四段第三句提到了选项D。只有A项文章没有提及。
22
Scientists found that the brain cells of a learning-disabled person differ from those of a normal person in_____.
A.
structure and function
B.
color and function
C.
size and arrangement
D.
color and arrangement
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。第四段中后半部分讲到“These cells are normally white. In the learning-disabled person, however, these cells are gray. The researchers also found that... The nerve cells were mixed together.”，因此答案是D项。
23
All of the following statements are true EXCEPT that_____.
A.
many factors account for learning disorder
B.
a learning-disabled person shows no outward signs
C.
reading disabilities are a common problem that affects 10 percent of the population
D.
the brain activity of learning-disabled children it different from that of normal children
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
推断题。第二段第二句讲到A项（学习障碍是由多种原因造成的）；第三段第二句讲到B项（有学习障碍的人从外表是看不出来的）；第六段第三句讲到D项（有学习障碍的孩子的大脑活动与正常孩子不同）。第一段讲到有学习障碍的人占儿童总数的十分之一。所以C项是正确答案。
24
Doctor Duffy believed that_____.
A.
he found the exact cause of teaming disabilities
B.
the problem of learning disabilities did not lie in the left tide of the brain
C.
the problem of learning disabilities resulted from the left tide of the brain
D.
the problem of learning disabilities was not limited to the left tide of the brain
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推断题。Doctor Duffy的研究表明有阅读障碍的孩子与正常孩子的大脑活动差别很大，这种差异表现在大脑各个部分，而不止限于左脑。因此D项为正确答案。
25
According to the passage we can conclude that further researches should be made _____.
A.
to help learning-disabled children to develop their intelligence
B.
to help learning-disabled children to develop their brains
C.
to investigate possible influences on brain development and organization
D.
to explore how the left side of the brain functions in language learning
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
推断题。因为文章中已经对于学习障碍的原因进行了分析，主要是因为有障碍的人与正常人的大脑不同，因此科学家应该进一步研究的对象应该是C项。
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