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It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints (约束) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don't at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth's story:
I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle (小隔间) offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.
It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but "nice" isn't a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you'll probably have to ask for it.
Performance is your best bargaining chip (筹码) when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want.
Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?
Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.
1
According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should ________.
A.
demonstrate his capability
B.
give his boss a good impression
C.
ask for as much money as he can
D.
ask for the salary he hopes to get
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推理判断题。根据文章第1句。开头立论："It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement在进入公司以前就谈妥你的最初工资要求要更容易些"。因此，在接受一份工作前应该先提出期望薪金要求，即D。注意C中as much…as he can意思太绝对，不妥。
2
What can be inferred from Beth's story?
A.
Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.
B.
If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.
C.
People should not be content with what they have got.
D.
People should be careful when negotiating for a job.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理判断题。Beth的故事是为了证明第1段提出的观点，主要依据第2段第1句，第3段最后一句再次印证。核心词为ask for。
3
We can learn from the passage that ________.
A.
unfairness exists in salary increases
B.
most people are overworked and underpaid
C.
one should avoid overstating one's performance
D.
most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推理判断题。从Beth的故事中不难总结出：如果你要求加薪或提升，你可能就会得到满足;你如果不要求，老板就可能不予考虑。因此在salary increase中含有很大的主观因素，故而unfair。直接依据为第3段第1句。
4
To get a pay raise, a person should ________.
A.
advertise himself on the job market
B.
persuade his boss to sign a long-term contract
C.
C) try to get inside information about the organization
D.
D) do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions
本题答案：
A
B
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
事实细节题。根据倒数第3段，performance"工作表现"，timing"抓住时机"和information"利用信息"是加薪的三大筹码。D与其中对timing的阐述一致。
5
To be successful in negotiations, one must ________.
A.
meet his boss at the appropriate time
B.
arrive at the negotiation table punctually
C.
be good at influencing the outcome of the interaction
D.
be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
事实细节题。最后一段指出，带着准备好的筹码去跟老板商谈加薪，并在合适的时候拿出来,而且要运用一定的交际手段引导谈判的发展方向，即C。注意其中place your chips on the table at the appropriate time "在适当的时候拿出筹码"不等于A中的meet his boss at the appropriate time。
President Coolidge's statement, "The business of America is business," still points to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?
One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself,it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.
Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly(垄断) of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers' dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.
A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important,or even more important,than democracy in preserving freedom.
Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as and expression of the idea of equality of
opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的) idea of inherited privilege.
6
The statement "The business of America is business" probably means"________".
A.
The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce
B.
Business problems are of great importance to the American government
C.
Business is of primary concern to Americans
D.
America is a great power in world business
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
词义理解题。回答本题的关键是理解business的两个不同的含义：①商业，生意;②职责，事物，事。句中前一个business的意思应当是"事物,职责"，而后一个business的意思应当是"商业"，因此C为正确答案。
7
Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only_____ .
A.
when given equality of opportunity
B.
through doing business
C.
by protecting their individual freedom
D.
by way of competition
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
事实细节题。解题关键在于对第2段最后一句定语从句的理解。该句指出竞争是对基本美国价值的保护伞，故可知，D为正确答案。
8
Who can benefit from business competition?
A.
Honest businessmen.
B.
Both businessmen and their customers.
C.
People with ideals of equality and freedom
D.
Both business institutions and government.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理判断题。第3段提到，商业之间为利润而互相竞争，因此商人在竞争中能获利；而对待其顾客不好的商家会被友好地对待其顾客的商家在竞争中打败，因此顾客也能从竞争中获利，所以B为正确案。
9
Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by ____.
A.
its absolute control of power
B.
its function in preserving personal freedom
C.
its role in protecting basic American values
D.
its democratic way of exercising leadership
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
事实细节题。第4段第1句提到，商业与政府的不同之处在_商业是竞争性的，而政府是垄断性的，也即有着绝对的控制权，因此A为正确答案。
10
It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _____ .
A.
Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries
B.
in many countries success often depends on one's social status
C.
American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries
D.
businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理判断题。第5段第3句提到，靠竞争而来的成功通常被看作是用来替代基于家庭背景的社会地位的成功的美国式的成功。"其言下之意是在别的国家成功不是靠竞争，而是靠社会地位，因此B为正确答案。
Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, "The business of America is business." By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world.
Few would argue with Ford's statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as "the entertainment industry" or "show business."
The positive side of Henry Ford's statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance (大量地) because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system crates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life.
The negative side of Henry Ford's statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business—referring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the fight to form unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing—the laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high—creates feelings of insecurity for many.
11
The United States is a typical country ________.
A.
which encourages free trade at home and abroad
B.
where people's chief concern is how to make money
C.
where all businesses are managed scientifically
D.
which normally works according to the federal budget
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理判断题。根据第2段第2句"随便翻下一家日报就可美国人有多么重视商业"可推断出B符合题意。
12
The influence of business in the U.S. is evidenced by the fact that ________.
A.
most newspapers are run by big businesses
B.
even public organizations concentrate on working for profits
C.
Americans of all professions know how to do business
D.
even arts and entertainment are regarded as business
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
事实细节题。第2段大量列举了 business的影响的例子，特别是根据最后一句"艺术和娱乐界就常被称为‘娱乐业'或‘展览业' "可知D正确，而A、B、C均与原文信息不符。
13
According to the passage, immigrants choose to settle in the U.S., dreaming that ________.
A.
they can start profitable businesses there
B.
they can be more competitive in business
C.
they will make a fortune overnight there
D.
they will find better chances of employment
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
事实细节题。第3段第2句谈到"如此多的人从世界各地来美国生活，其最重要的原因之一就是梦想找到一份更好的工作"，故选D。
14
Henry Ford's statement can be taken negatively because ________.
A.
working people are discouraged to fight for their fights
B.
there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalists
C.
there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and labor
D.
public services are not run by the federal government
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
推理判断题。本文第4段是在讲Henry Ford的言论的消极面，根据该段中的the biggest companies... in opposition to labor可看出C与之相符，故选C。
15
A company's efforts to keep expenses low and profits high may result in ________.
A.
reduction in the number of employees
B.
improvement of working conditions
C.
fewer disputes between labor and management
D.
a rise in workers'wages
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
事实细节题。根据文章的最后一句，可知downsizing—the laying off of thousands of workers正是一些公司节约成本提高利润的手段，A为原文该句的同义改写，故选A。
Diamonds, sparkling under an African sun, have an attraction commensurate(相称的)with their high price and beauty. For American the opportunity to get their hands on some more has proved too much to resist. On November 4th the global mining giant announced that it would acquire the 40% of De Beers, a company that mines two-fifths of the world's diamonds, from the Oppenheimer family for $5.1 billion. This takes Anglo-American's stake in Beers to 85%; the rest is owned by the government of Botswana, when the firm digs up its gems.
The price looks right. Demand for diamonds has bounced back after the credit crisis in 2008 and the following recession in the rich world. More and more wealthy Indians and Brazilians seem keen to sport a "rock" to show just how well they are doing. And the shrewd Oppenheimers do not seem to be getting out of the business because its future looks bleak. There is apparently no family member who wants to take on diamond mining. Nicky Oppenheimer, De Beers's chairman, foresaw the sale in February when he stood down from the board of Anglo-American.
For Anglo-American it resolves the issue of its non-controlling stake in De Beers. Analysts have long reckoned it should either sell or try to increase its take. In fact the firm might yet spin off De Beers with an IPO. The terms of the deal allow the Oppenheimers to pocket some more cash from a flotation (债券发行）or sale in the next couple of years, suggesting that such an outcome is not unlikely.
It would also make sense. Anglo-American is a different beast to the global diversified mining giants that would count as its competitors. It stood apart from the wave of mining mega-mergers over the past decade or so except as a potential target. The consolidation and the emergence of huge markets for the world's resources have propelled BHP Billiton, for instance, to become one of the world's biggest listed companies.
Many would claim that Anglo-American has suffered as a result. Once one of the world's biggest miners, it now ranks alongside Xstrata, a company just ten years old, which in 2009 even attempted a nil-premium takeover of Anglo. It also has a significant portion of its assets in South Africa. And unlike its peers it has a large platinum business, as well as all the diamonds.
Anglo-American recent strategy has been to diversify out of South Africa, where the threat of nationalization, scarcely credible but a fear for investors none the less, hangs over it. Black-empowerment laws，a scarcity of water and electricity as well as an obstinate workforce make it a difficult place to operate. Botswana is far more accommodating, but it might also make sense to get out of diamonds ： it is a business that is more about branding the rocks and less about the savvy (懂行的）capital deployment and logistical (物流的)know-how that are the hallmarks of the mining business. If that is Anglo's eventual aim，then the deal looks like a smart move.
16
According to Paragraph 1, we can know Anglo-American _____.
A.
would acquire a 40% holding of De Beers
B.
mines two-third of world's diamonds
C.
will earn $5.1 billion from Oppenheimer family
D.
digs up most of its gems in South America
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。根据第一段第三句可知，11月4日，这家全球矿业巨头宣布将以51亿美元的价格从奥本海默家族手里收购戴比尔斯公司40%的股份，该公司开采的钻石占全球钻石开采量的五分之二，A.陈述正确，故为正确答案，同时排除[B]和[C]。根据本段最后一句可知，这使得英美资源集团在戴比尔斯的股份上升至85%，其余股份则归博茨瓦纳政府拥有，戴比尔斯公司正是在该国开采钻石，[D]陈述错误，故排除。
17
The Anglo-American's acquisition results in that_____
A.
Nicky Oppenheimer wants to take on the diamond mining business
B.
Anglo-American sold part of its stake in De Beers with an IPO
C.
Anglo-American has suffered a shortage of funds after the purchase
D.
the Oppenheimers might get monetary benefits with future sales
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推理题。根据第三段第四句可知，交易条件允许奥本海默家族从今后几年的债券发行或出售中将更多的现金收入囊中，这表明这样的结果不是不可能的,D.“奥本海默家族可能从未来的出 售中获取金钱利益”陈述正确，故为正确答案。根据第二段第五句可知，很显然，没有家族成员愿意从事钻石开采业，A.“尼克?奥本海默想从事钻石开采业务”陈述错误，故排除；根据第三段第三句可知，事实上，英美资源集团可能会通过首次公开募股分拆戴比尔斯公司，[B]“英美资源集团通 过首次公开募股出售了它在戴比尔斯的部分股票”过于绝对，故排除；而[C]“英美资源集团在此次收购后遭遇资金短缺”未被提及，故排除。
18
According to the passage, which of the following statements about global mining business is INCORRECT?
A.
Anglo-American has become a mining mega-merger.
B.
BHP Billiton has become one of the biggest listed companies.
C.
Anglo-American was once almost taken over by a company of ten years old.
D.
Xstrata has a business in South Africa both in platinum and diamonds.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节腰。根据第四段第三句可知，在过去的大约十年里，英美资源集团一直远离矿业的巨资并购浪潮，A.“英美资源集团已经成为一个大规模的矿业合并企业”陈述错误，故为正确答案。根据第四段第四句可知，这样的合并以及对全球资源巨大需求市场的出现已经促使必和必拓（BHP Billiton)成为全球最大的上市公司之一，[B]“必和必拓已经成为全球最大的上市公司之一”表述正确，故排除；根据第五段第二至四句“曾经是世界最大采矿企业之一的英美资源集团现排名在斯特拉塔左右，而后者只是一个拥有十年历史的公司，在2009年甚至试图以零溢价收购英美资源集团。斯特拉塔在南非也有重要份额的产业。与业内其他公司不同，除了钻石以外，它还有大型的祐金业务”C.“英美资源集团有一次几乎被一个成立十年的公司收购”和[D]“斯特拉塔公司在南非有铂金和钻石业务”表述正确，故排除。
19
Which of the following is NOT the reason for Anglo-American to diversify out of South Africa?
A.
The threat of nationalization.
B.
Local regulations of laws.
C.
Lack of diamonds.
D.
Uncontrolled workers.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。根据最后一段前两句可知，英美资源集团最近的战略是在南非之外实现多元化；在南非，国有化的威胁笼罩着该公司。赋予黑人权利的法律、水电的短缺以及难以管束的员工使得南非成为企业运转的问题地区，A.“民族主义的威胁”、[B]“当地的法律规定”和[D]“难以控制的工人”为英美资源集团欲退出南非的原因，而[C]“缺少钻石”则不是，故为正确答案。
20
What does the word “that” in the last paragraph indicate?
A.
Branding the rocks.
B.
Deploying capital wisely.
C.
Hallmarking the mining business.
D.
Getting out of the diamond business.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
语义题。根据文章最后一段最后两句可知，博茨瓦纳的投资环境则要宽松得多，但是其脱离钻石业可能也是明智的：钻石业更多依靠的是“石头的”品牌化，而不是精明的资本配置和物流技术，这些都是采矿业的标志。如果“that”是英美资源集团的最终目标，那么此次交易看上去是个明智之举，文中冒号后面的内容是在解释说明退出钻石业是合理的，而英美资源集团购入在博茨瓦纳的钻石公司，如果说是明智的话，应与上文解释相反，可见，其中的“that”指代的是A.。
1991 was not one of the best years financially for the company. The recession（衰退）from which the country was suffering affected us as well as other business.
The three London hotels fared the worst. Their business was down by as much as forty per cent on the previous year. These hotels were used by fewer businessmen and women than usual—obviously because many businesses closed down. The number of overseas visitors particularly Americans was down by thirty per cent on 1990. The companies that used the London hotels for conferences were more than satisfied with the service they received, but their number was down by twenty nine per cent. A number of letters of praise for our services were received from several companies who used these hotels. Bong Brothers, makers of harps, who used our London hotels for their annual staff conference for the last fifteen years, whet（促使）into liquidation（清算）: a particularly sad loss as they were a charming, friendly bunch of people.
Our eighteen seaside hotels, which are usually fully booked in spring and summer, had an average of twenty per cent vacancies through these seasons. It would appear that many people gave up the luxury of a hotel holiday for guest house or other types of accommodation. For the remainder of the year business was much quieter than usual.
The nine hotels situated in country areas did slightly better than London and seaside ones, their business being down fifteen per cent only. The introduction of cheap weekend breaks helped here.
From the information we have, our rivals were also hit by about the same amount. It is reported that the Pickett Hotel Group is in financial difficuities and it is doubtful if it will remain in business.
However, all is not bad news. We have not reduced staffing levels at any of the hotels and do not have plans to do so, although staff at Head Office will be reduced by eight.
Although overall we have fewer guests than usual，we have received many more letters of praise for our service, courteous stal, hygiene（卫生保健）standards, and so on.
21
Which of the following is TRUE according to the report?
A.
The 1990s recession in Britain has brought passive effects to the entire line.
B.
The profit of GHO in 1991 was the worst one, compared with the previous years.
C.
There are many people going to be unemployed as the result of the loss of benefits.
D.
As a rule, British people tend to prefer hotels in the country to those at the seaside.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。答案见第一段“...affected us as well as other businesses”。选项 A 中的 the entire line 指的是整个酒店行业。选项B中的the worst one并不等于not one of the best;选项C与倒数第二段中的“We have not reduced staffing levels at any of the hotels... ”意思不符；第三段第一句话和第四段提到与选项D相关的一些内容，但不能得出此结论。
22
We may infer from the report that GHO has _____ hotels in all.
A.
12
B.
17
C.
21
D.
30
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推断题。第二、第三、第四段中的“three London hotels eighteen seaside hotels”和“nine hotels situated in country”相加等于30,
23
The reason why people would give up luxury hotel holiday for guest house or other types of accommodation probably is that_____.
A.
guest house and other types of accommodation provide better services
B.
luxury hotels at the seaside cost more than other types of accommodation
C.
British people do not enjoy staying at luxury seaside hotels
D.
the high cost of settling in a luxury hotel does not match the poor service provided
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推断题。经济不景气往往使人们收人减少，甚至造成失业。因此，人们会相应降低消费水平，选择入住比较便宜的旅馆、旅社。A、C、D各项都不对。
24
Which of the following percentages does NOT show a rate down?
A.
30%
B.
15%
C.
20%
D.
40%
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。报告中的五个百分比中四个（40%，30%，29%，15%）都表示下降率，只有第三段中的20%表示的是空房率。
25
Which of the following statements is NOT covered in the passage?
A.
Competitors were affected in the same way.
B.
There were fewer guests but more praise than ever before.
C.
There was no job losses at Head Office, but hotels will lose 8.
D.
Pickett Hotel Group was in financial difficulties.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。这篇文章涉及四个general points。其中A、B、D分别可在第一、最后一段和第五段中找到出处。将C项带到第六段中核查，情况正好相反。所以答案选C。
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