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In technologically advanced societies, the enormous consumption of energy per head is one aspect of the ever-increasing pressure man is placing on his environment. Early industrial man used three times as much energy as his agricultural ancestor; modern man is using three times as much as his industrial ancestor. If present trends continue, the rate of consumption will have tripled（三倍）again by the end of the century. The problem lies in the fact that most of our current energy sources are finite. The hard truth is that a day will come when there is little or no exploitable coal，oil or natural gas anywhere. The sharp rise in the price of oil over the last decade has been unpleasant for many parts of the world but in the long run it is beneficial, partly because it discourages waste and partly because it has forced many nations to seek ways of developing better and more permanent sources of energy.
Energy sources may initially be divided into two kinds： nonrenewable (i. e. finite) and renewable. The former group includes coal, oil，and gas，in the long run, nuclear; the latter hydropower, solar power and wind power. The energy from all these sources ultimately derives from the sun. There is a further source — geothermal — which depends on the earth's own hydropower, solar power and wind power. The energy from all these sources ultimately derives from the sun. There is a further source — geothermal — which depends on the earth's own heat. In practice this may be classed as nonrenewable as it is exploitable in only a few places and even that is limited.
There is a second distinction that is often made between conventional and non-conventional energy sources. A conventional energy source is one which is at present widely exploited. In view of the points made in paragraph 1 (above); it will be realized that, broadly, the conventional sources are the non-renewable ones. This is not entirely true, however, as a good deal of oil is locked up in solid form in rock (tar sands and oil shale) and this source，though non-renewable, is also non-conventional, since it has not so far been developed very much.
1
The sentence "The sharp rise in the price of oil... in the long run it is beneficial..."(Line 7-8, Para.1) means_____.
A.
the oil producers will make more money
B.
the merchants will benefit a lot
C.
the sharp rise will make people save on the use of oil
D.
both A and B
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。第一段最后一句提到“石油价格上涨一方面能抑制浪费，另一方面使许多国家寻找更好更持久地开发能源的办法”，这句话中没有提到石油生产者经商赚钱的事，因此选C项。
2
What's the meaning of "geothermal" (Line 4, Para.2)?
A.
The heat
B.
The earth.
C.
Temperature
D.
The heat from the earth
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
词汇题。参见第二段第四句，第二个破折号后which depends on the earth's own heat，因此选D项。
3
We are warned that_____.
A.
the non-renewable energy source will be less and less
B.
the non-renewable energy will be more and more
C.
there will be no energy source
D.
heat energy will be permanent
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。从字面上理解，不可再生能源当然会越用越少，第一段第五句提到总有一天可开发的能源如煤、石油、天然气会用完。文章中没有提到选项B、C和D，因此选A项。
4
If we continue to consume energy at the present rate, by the end of the century, we shall have used energy_____.
A.
6 times as much as the early industrial men
B.
27 times as much as the agricultural ancestor
C.
3 times as much as the modern men
D.
9 times as much as the agricultural men
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。文章第一段提到早期从事工业者以从事农业的祖先3倍的速度消耗能源，现代人又以早期从事工业者3倍的速度消耗能源。照现在的消费趋势，到本世纪末能源消耗量又是文章中提到的“目前”的3倍。所以现在以27倍于从事农业的祖先的速度消耗能源。
5
Which of the following is CORRECT according to the passage?
A.
Non-renewable source is more.
B.
Renewable source is little.
C.
There is nothing to do between non-renewable and non-conventional sources
D.
Oil locked up in solid form in rock is not widely exploited at present.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。不可再生能源如煤、石油、天然气是有限的，因此选项A可排除；可再生能源包括太阳能，此种能源是大量的，因此选项B可排除；不可再生能源与非传统能源之间是有关系的，文中就列举了石油的例子。石油以固体形式存在于沥青与页岩之中，尽管是不可再生能源，它也是非传统能源，只是因为没有开发罢了，因此选项C被排除。
The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur. Largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing（把......固定）legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation，economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays — not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly in doing something about it.
It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industry's and our recognition that protecting mankind's great treasure in the single most important responsibilities? If ever there will be time for environment health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to environmental problems, that time is now.
We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards，I submit, who must lead the charge.
We must recognize that environment health issues do not stop at city limits, country lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.
I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people make for themselves. Second, We must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade，maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.
6
We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because______.
A.
they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doing
B.
they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interests
C.
time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on it
D.
it is difficult for them to take effective measures
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。根据文章第二段第二句可以断定选项A正确。其他选项均与文章的意思不符。
7
The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is_____.
A.
to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasion
B.
to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protection
C.
to take radical measures to control environmental pollution
D.
to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental pollution
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。答案出自文章第三段第三句“Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change”。
8
The word "tunnel-visioned" (Line 2, Para.4) most probably means "_____".
A.
narrow-minded
B.
blind to the facts
C.
short-sighted
D.
able to see only one aspect
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
词汇题。根据第四段第二、第三句可以判断tunnel-visioned是“片面看问题”的意思，因此正确答案是D项。
9
Which of the following, according to the author，should play the leading role in the solution of environmental problems?
A.
Legislation and government intervention.
B.
The industry's understanding and support.
C.
The efforts of environmental health professionals.
D.
The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
推断题。在第三段第二句和最后一句，作者指出在解决环境问题上起主要作用的是那些“make decisions”的人，即那些专门研究环保的人，其他选项均不合题意，因此正确答案是C项。
10
Which of the following is TRUE according to the last paragraph?
A.
Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measures.
B.
More money should be spent in order to stop pollution.
C.
Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution.
D.
Environmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this decade.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。文章最后一段第四句提出“必须以普通公民可以理解的方式向他们宣传有关环境污染的专业知识”。由此可见正确答案是C项。其他选项文中均未提及。
Where do pesticides（杀虫剂）fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil，water, and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man，however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world?
We know that even single exposures to these chemicals，if the amount is large enough，can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farm workers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of pesticides are very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world. Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. "Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs," says a wise physicianl Dr. Rene Dubos, "yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed."
11
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence "Man，however much he may like to pretend the contrary，is part of nature." (Line 3-4, Para. 1)?
A.
Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature.
B.
Man acts as if he does not belong to nature.
C.
Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution.
D.
Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental protection.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。这句的意思是“而A类不论怎样想伪装成非自然的事物，仍是自然的一部分”，the contrary指“与自然相对的人类”。所以可以得出答案是B项。
12
What is the author's attitude towards the environmental effects of pesticides?
A.
Pessimistic.
B.
Indifferent.
C.
Defensive.
D.
Concerned.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推断题。第一段中作者提出的几个问题表明他对此事的关注。第二段最后一句“we must be more concerned with...”说明了作者对此事的态度。
13
In the author's view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of pesticides _____.
A.
is not the worst of the negative consequences resulting from the use of pesticides
B.
now occurs most frequently among all accidental deaths
C.
has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attention
D.
is unavoidable because people can't do without pesticides in farming
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。在第二段的开始，作者提到“只要达到一定数量，就会引起极为严重的中毒”，但又指出这还不是主要问题，我们更应注重不断接触少量杀虫剂所导致的潜在后果。由此可见答案是A项。
14
People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemicals because_____.
A.
limited exposure to them does little harm to people's health
B.
the present is more important for them than the future
C.
the danger does not become apparent immediately
D.
humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。在文章第三段的开头就提到“化学品的生理影响经过较长的时期会累积了来，而它对个体的危害则取决于个体一中与其接触的多少”。正是由于这些原因，危险很容易被忽视。人类的本性就是不理会看似在将来会造成灾难的威胁。人们比较容易忽略与化学品接触造成的潜在后果，因此C项是正确答案。
15
It can be concluded from Dr Dubos' remarks that______.
A.
people find invisible diseases difficult to deal with
B.
attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatal
C.
diseases with obvious signs are easy to cure
D.
people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推断题。根据文章最后一句，Dubos博士认为“然而有些最可怕的敌人却在不知不觉中慢慢地来到了身边”，可以看出人们很容易忽视杀虫剂引起的潜在危险。
Soot-also known as black carbon-heats up the atmosphere because it absorbs sunlight. But for years the institutions that focus on climate policy have played down the role of pollutants such as black carbon that stay in the atmosphere for a short time and concentrated on carbon dioxide, which, once generated, tends to remain there. That may soon change.
A new study concluded that the soot was the second-most-damaging greenhouse agent after CO2 and about twice as bad for the climate as had been thought until now. The implications are profound. It found that the black carbon around at the moment has a warming effect of about1.1 w/m2. This is greater than that of methane (甲院} and second only to the 1.7 w/m2 of carbon dioxide.
Black carbon is especially damaging to frozen regions, because when soot falls on snow and ice it increases the amount of light and heat they absorb. The new assessment may therefore help explain why the Arctic has been melting faster than anyone had expected. The study argues that warming is likely to be especially marked in the high latitudes of the northern hemisphere-northern Canada, Alaska, northern Europe and Siberia. It also gives a warning that black carbon, by changing regional precipitation (降水)patterns, may affect Asian monsoons (季风).
The biggest impact of soot，though，is not on the climate but on health-through lung and other diseases. A study reckoned that controlling emissions of black carbon could save 2.4 million lives a year, regardless of any effects on the climate.
It might seem that the new study is one more item of bad environmental news. Not so. It should be easier to deal with black carbon than with C02. Whereas C02 is long-lasting and an inevitable by-product of burning fossil fuels, soot drops out of the atmosphere within weeks. Stop putting it there and it will rapidly go away-a potentially easy win. Dealing with them is also cheaper than cutting C02 emissions and does not need global agreement, because the local benefits would be the main point, so no one could free-ride on the emission-cutting efforts of others. Instead, the good of the climate would be free-riding on local self-interest.
16
Why have the institutions paid less attention to soot?
A.
It is too small in amount to be noticed.
B.
It just stays in the atmosphere for a short time.
C.
It belongs to carbon dioxide.
D.
It is beyond their study.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
由题干中的institutions和paid less attention to定位到原文首段第二句。推理判断题。由定位句可知，但是，关注气候政策的机构多年来忽视了只是短时间停留在大气中的污染物，如煤烟，却关注在空气中一旦集结就保持在那里的二氧化碳。可由句意推断出因为煤烟停留时间短，所以未多关注，正确答案为B)。
17
Why has the Arctic been melting faster than expected?
A.
Soot has much stronger damaging power.
B.
People play down the role of soot.
C.
The amount of rain increases.
D.
The globe is becoming warmer.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干中的the Arctic和melting faster定位到原文第三段前两句。推理判断题。定位句指出，黑炭对冻土地区破坏性尤其大，因为黑炭落到雪和冰上后，会增加它们吸收的光和热的量，这解释了为什么北极地区比人们预料的要融化得快,所以答案是A)。
18
What is the fundamental reason for people to deal with soot?
A.
Soot can change regional precipitation patterns.
B.
Soot can fasten the melting pace of frozen regions.
C.
Soot can cause acid rain.
D.
Soot can cause diseases.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
由题干中的the fundamental reason定位到原文第四段。推理判断题。第四段首句中出现了The biggest impact of soot,与题干中的 fundamental reason相对应。第三段和第四段主要讲了煤烟造成的各种危害，包括对冻土区的危害、改变地区降水、影响亚洲季风、危害人体健康等，其中最大的危害在于对人体健康的危害。通过推理,人们治理煤烟的最基本原因就在于煤烟对人体产生的危害。所以答案是D)。
19
Compared with C02，what is the good aspect of black carbon?
A.
It does less harm to human health.
B.
It is easier to be handled.
C.
It can stay in the atmosphere much longer.
D.
It makes no contribution to climate changes.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
由题干中的good aspect of black carbon定位到原文第五段前三句。推理判断题。定位句表明，看上去新的研究又是一条关于环境的坏消息，但是并非如此。换句话说,作者认为这并不是一条坏消息，而是一条好消息。接下来作者进行了解释:煤烟更容易处理。所以B)符合原文的意思，是正确答案。
20
What does the word "free-ride" really mean in the last paragraph?
A.
Getting to a certain place without paying the fee.
B.
Gaining benefits without doing any efforts.
C.
Giving somebody a free ride.
D.
Driving a car in one's own power.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
由题干中的free-ride定位到原文最后一段倒数第二句。语义理解题。要结合上下文在具体的语境中理解该词义。定位句提到，此外， 处置煤烟比减少二氧化碳排放成本更低，并且不需要全球协定。因为地方会从中最大受益,所以没有人可以搭乘别人减排努力的便车。可知这里free-ride的真正含义是"不劳而获",故选B)。
Global warming may or not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but—regardless of weather it is or isn't—we won't do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.
Al Gore calls global warming an "inconvenient truth"，as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and—without major technological breakthroughs—we can't do much about it.
From 2003 to 2050, the world's population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, C02) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that's too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world's poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else's living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.
No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they're "doing something". Consider the Kyoto Protocol (《京都议定书》). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn't. But it hasn't reduced C02 emissions (up about 25% since 1990)，and many signatories (签字国) didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.
The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it's really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don't solve the engineering problem, we're helpless.
21
What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?
A.
It may not be an environmental crisis at all.
B.
It is an issue requiring worldwide commitments.
C.
Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.
D.
Very little will be done to bring it under control.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
由题干中的global warming和the first paragraph定位到原文第一段第一句。细节辨认题。由定位句可知，全球变暖可能是也可能不是21世纪大的环境危机，但是无论结果如何，我们都将无能为力。因此选D)。
22
According to the author's understanding, what is Al Gore's view on global warming?
A.
It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.
B.
It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.
C.
It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.
D.
It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
由题干中的Al Gore定位到原文第二段第一句。推理判断题。由定位句可知，Al Gore称全球变暖是一个"难以忽视的真相"，好像仅仅认识到这一点，我们就能找到解决问题的途径一样。选项C)与此意相符，故为答案。
23
Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _____.
A.
economic growth
B.
wasteful use of energy
C.
the widening gap between the rich and the poor
D.
the rapid advances of science and technology
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干中的double by 2050和because of定位到原文第三段最后两句。细节辨认题。由定位段最后一句可知，按照一个小幅的经济增长速度来计算，能源消耗和温室气体排放到2050年将是现在的两倍多。再结合前一句可知，经济增长是原因，故选A)。
24
The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, _____.
A.
politicians have started to do something to better the situation
B.
few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use
C.
reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warming
D.
international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
由题干中的Kyoto Protocal定位到原文第四段后三句。细节辨认题。由定位句可知,《京都议定书》允许缔约国惩罚非缔约国，但是它却没能减少二氧化碳排放量，许多签字国也未能采取足够强硬的政策。故B)为答案。
25
What is the message the author intends to convey?
A.
Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.
B.
The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.
C.
The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.
D.
People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
由题干定位到全文。主旨大意题。作者首先提出问题：面对全球变暖，我们将无能为力。接着谈到认识到这一问题并不代表能找到解决方案，然后提出论点：没有大的技术突破，我们仍将无能为力。作者最后重申论点：the only solution is new technology。 B)是对作者观点的高度概括，故为答案。
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