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How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.
Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment, Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy's hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.
What causes fashion to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats for example. In cold climate, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats. More American men have followed his example.
There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.
Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should became it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashions of the top fashion houses.
At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a nightclub. However, you need never feel depressed if you don't look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you'll see that no one else does either.
1
Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to _______.
A.
confidence in life
B.
social relationship
C.
success in career
D.
personal future
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
第2段第2句中的they指的就是首句中提到的时尚杂志和电视广告，第2句中的confidence和confidently 都表明这些时尚杂志和电视广告把时尚与人的自信联系起来 ，因此 A 为本题答案。 B、C、D 均无原文依据。
2
Kennedy's example is used to illustrate ______.
A.
the change in fashion
B.
a cause of fashion change
C.
the celebrities' influence on economy
D.
the application of fashion to more than dress
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
第3段首句表明该段说的是推动时尚变化的原因，第2句列举了其中三个原因，最后三句对这些原因进行举例说明，由此可见,肯尼迪总统的例子是为了说明推动时尚变化的其中一个原因，因此应选B。第3段讲的不是时尚的变化趋势，A不正确；C错在economy这个词，此处举肯尼迪总统的例子是为说明名人对“时尚潮流”的影响力，而非对“经济”；虽然该例子提到的是帽子的潮流，但本段并不是为了说明“时尚不仅限于服饰”这个观点，因此D不正确。
3
Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes ______.
A.
practicality
B.
efficiency
C.
informality
D.
individuality
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
第5段第2句和第3句是对该段首句的进一步说明，由这两句可知现在注重的是个人风格，穿衣打扮不再是千篇一律了，D“个人主义”为本题答案。
4
The popularity of jeans and “untidy” look is possibly due to that they ______.
A.
highlight one's personality
B.
are suitable for various social situations
C.
have the advantages of being convenient and practical
D.
are not as expensive as clothing produced by top fashion houses
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
第5段末句表明顶级服装店的时尚服饰很昂贵，所以人们转而穿牛仔裤和做“邋遢”的装扮，由此可见，本题应选D。其他选项可能根据个人生活经验说得通，但均在原文中找不到直接依据，故排除。
5
What does the author most probably do with the latest fashion?
A.
The author may be brave enough to ignore the latest fashion.
B.
The author may follow the latest fashion most faithfully.
C.
The author may take jeans and “untidy” look as the latest fashion.
D.
The author may find the latest fashion increasingly expensive.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
末段倒数第2句表明作者认为我们大可不必追赶潮流，A最可能是作者对于最新潮流的态度和反应。选项B与作者在末段表达的观点正好相反；作者只是从宏观上对最新潮流发表了看法，而没有指出最新潮流是牛仔裤和“邋遢”的打扮，或者价格昂贵还是便宜这些细节，因此选项C和D均不正确。
People want action on noise, a recent public meeting in Brisbane showed. Some want technical improvements such as quieter air conditioners or better sound barriers around nuyor roads. Others want tougher laws to restrict noise from building sites or to require owners to take responsibility for barking dogs. But the highest priority was a noise complaints system that works.
Brisbane City Council receives more complaints about noise than all other problems put together. So it conducted a survey and found that about half its residents are upset by noise in one form or another-traffic，mowers, pool pumps, air conditioners or loud parties. This inspired the Council to bring together more than 100 citizens one evening to talk through a range of options.
The meeting found the present regulatory system bizarre. Depending on the problem, responsibility for noise can lie with the Council, the Environment Protection Authority, one of three government departments or even the police. So complainants often feel they are getting the run-round. When the people at the forum were asked to vote for changes, the strongest response was for a 24-hour, noise hotline to be the first port of call for all complaints.
The forum also favored regulatory measures, such as tougher minimum standards for noise in appliances like air conditioners. This even makes economic sense, as noise is a waste of energy—and money. Other measures the meeting supported were wider buffer (缓冲）zones around noisy activities and controls to keep heavy traffic away from residential areas.
But there are obvious conflicts. Many people like to have a bar within walking distance if they feel like a drink, but they don't want a noisy pub keeping them awake when they want an early night. Most people want to live near a major road providing good access to other parts of the city, but they don't want the problem of road noise.
I was most interested by the proposals aimed at behavioral change. There was strong support for measures to reduce traffic： better public transport, cycleways and footpaths, even charges for road use. Many people optimistically thought industry awards for better equipment would stimulate the production of quieter alliances. It was even suggested that noise from building sites could be alleviated if Brisbane adopted daylight saving, thus shifting the working day and providing longer, quieter evenings.
6
In the recent public meeting in Brisbane, people showed greatest dissatisfaction with ___________.
A.
the technical flaws of the air conditioners
B.
the poor noise barriers around major roads
C.
the inefficient system for noise complaints
D.
the late working time of the building sites
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
第1段指出了多个改善噪音问题的做法，其中末句But后的highest priority表明该句中提到的“噪音投诉系统”问题是人们最关注的，也就是感到最不满意和最需要改进的，由此可见，C为本题答案。
7
By saying that the complainants feel that “they are getting the run-round”， the author means ______.
A.
the complainants are unfairly treated by the government departments
B.
the government departments seldom respond to the complaints
C.
it is inexplicit which department is responsible for the complaints
D.
complaints will be treated only after being approved by all three departments
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
本题事实上是考查造成人们getting the run-round的原因。第3段第3句开头的so表明该句与第2句密切相关,从第2句可推断，原因是政府机构对噪音问题的权责不清，使人们不知该往哪个部门投诉,C正确。 该段首句提到的bizarre和第2句的depending on the problem都表明，由多个不同的部门负责处理不同的噪音问题这种做法不合理，由此可见,本段只关注这种不合理性，并未提到A或B;原文提及3个部门分别负责不同的噪音问题，因此不存在D的情况。
8
Which of the following measures is mentioned as not only beneficial environmentally but also economically?
A.
Enforcing stricter noise control on electrical apparatus.
B.
Prohibiting heavy traffic from entering residential areas.?
C.
Launching a 24-hour noise hotline.
D.
Increasing the charges for road use.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
第4段第2句中的this指的是首句提出的“为空调等家用电器制定更严格的最低噪音标准”的做法，句中的even表明这种做法不但可以产生环保效益，还可以产生经济效益，A为本题答案。B在第4段末句提及, C在第3段末句提及，D在末段第2句句尾提及,但原文并未表明它们与经济有关系，因此都不正确。
9
What was the author's attitude towards the industry awards for quieter equipment?
A.
Skeptical
B.
Disappointed
C.
Concerned
D.
Optimistic.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
在末段首句，作者指出对一些旨在改受人们行为的提议感到interested,接着举了一些例子，其中包括题干所说的对改善设施的行业实行奖励，由此可见，作者对industry awards也是感兴趣的,C“关心的”此同义。干扰项D是混淆了作者的态度和其他一些人的态度.属张冠李戴。
10
The passage points out daylight saving could be adopted in order to ______.
A.
prolong the daytime
B.
advance the working time
C.
shorten the working time
D.
save time and energy
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
thus后的shifting只表明采用夏时制可以改变工作时间，而从采用夏时制的另一个结果“Providing longer, quieter evenings”可以推断，其目的是将上班时间提前，这样就可以提早下班而没有改变工作时间的长度，晚上工地不工作，嗓音自然就减少了，由此可见，B是对采用夏时制的作用的正确理解。
Why are so many people unhappy in their jobs? There are two primary reasons. First, some people are convinced that earning a living is wasting time that they could spend enjoying themselves or uncovering their true talents.
If this is the case with you, recall your Iast long vacation. Was it two weeks of complete enjoyment? More likely it was a week and a half of fun in the sun, with another half a week of “Boy, I can't wait to get back to work.” While all work and no play is not good, all play and no work is disastrous. We need to feel we are accomplishing something. We also need some form of order in our lives.
The second and perhaps more prevalent reason for people not to like their work is that they feel trapped. Once you've been at a company for five year and have a spouse, a mortgage and a child, you often feel you have very little choice about jumping ship if things aren't turning out as you'd planned. A steady paycheck can be the biggest manacle of ail. People resent having to do something because they have no other choice.
If you find yourself resenting your job because you can't afford to quit, it may be time to prepare what one career counselor humorously calls a “cyanide capsule”. He recalls spy movies in which the secret agent has such a capsule hidden somewhere on his body. If he's captured and tortured unbearably, he has an option. And having an option gives him the strength to hold on a little longer in the hope that the situation may change.
Rather than cyanide, your option takes the form of an up-to-date resume. You might also take a weekly glance through the help-wanted section, and make some visits to industry functions where low key networking can take place. You're not giving up your current job. Rather, you are providing yourself with an option. If things get unbearable at work, you could jump ship. Being in this position can do wonders for your attitude. It allows you to enjoy your work since, in reality, you are there only because you want to be.
At the core of adopting a positive attitude to your workplace is, above all, assuming responsibility for your own situation. Most people feel controlled by their environment, but they really aren't They have to learn to manage that environment so they can get from it what they need
11
What do we most likely want during a long vacation, according to the author?
A.
To extend the vacation as long as possible.
B.
To gain a balance between work and play.
C.
To go back to work as soon as possible.
D.
To relax completely, free from wony.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
第2段最后三句表明作者认为工作和玩乐应该并行，不能光工作，也不能光玩乐，由此可见，选项B为本题答案。其他选项与作者观点相反.因此都不正确。
12
It is indicated in the passage that most people dislike their jobs because __.
A.
going to work is wasting their time
B.
they can't feel fulfilled in their jobs
C.
they are confined to the jobs tightly
D.
pay seldom corresponds with work
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
原文在首段和第3段分别提到人们不喜欢他们的工作的两个原因，其中第3段提到的第2个原因是more prevalent reason,正是题干所问。由此可见，正确选项应与第2个原因同义，选项C是它的近义替换,为本题答案。选项A是第1个原因，但不符合题干的要求；选项B和D在原文中均未提及。
13
When one considers changing job, the biggest difficulty is .
A.
leaving a company and a good boss
B.
reducing the family burden
C.
giving up a stable income
D.
drawing up a better plan for the future
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
第3段倒数第2句表明最大的阻碍是steady paycheck,即放弃稳定的收入，而由上一句的jumping ship可知此处说的是有关换工作的阻碍因素，正符题干要求，因此本题答案为选项C。其他三个选项均未提及，与“最大的”困难无关。
14
The author suggests that, by having a "cyanide capsule" at work, one will _.?
A.
find a satisfactory job soon
B.
be as brave as the hero in spy movies
C.
be more tolerant with the present job
D.
have the courage to give up the unbearable job
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
作者在第4段首句首先提到“cyanide capsule”，然后在第2、3句对此做出了解释，第4句对cyanide capsule 的作用做了总结,选项C是对第4句中的hold on a little longer的近义改写，因此为本题答案。
15
You will change your attitude towards your job when ______.
A.
you are provided with the chance to choose
B.
you are responsible for your present job
C.
you get ready your up-to-date resume
D.
you get what you need from your job
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
第5段倒数第2句表明being in this position就能改变一个人的态度，而this position指的是上文提到的“为自己提供一种选择”,这样，在无法忍受的时候还可以有另一个选择，由此可见，选项A为本题答案。
German Chancellor (首相）Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent, but his legacy (遗产）includes many of today's social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated in part by Christian compassion (怜悯）for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the world's first workers' compensation law in 1884.
By 1908, the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers' compensation insurance. America's injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace. The first state workers' compensation law in this country passed in 1911， and the program soon spread throughout the nation.
After World War Ⅱ, benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers' compensation. Two years later, the commission issued 19 key recommendations, including one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states' average weekly wages.
In fact, the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states' average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much more money floating in the workers' compensation system, it's not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.
16
The world's first workers' compensation law was introduced by Bismarck ____.
A.
to make industrial production safer
B.
to speed up the pace of industrialization
C.
out of religious and political considerations
D.
for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movement
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
文章第1段最后一句提到“一方面是由于对孤立无援的工人出于基督教的怜悯，同时也是为了削弱对社会主义工人运动的支持这一实际的政治目的，德国首相俾斯麦于1884年创立了世界上第一部工人赔偿法”， C概括了这两个目的，即宗教上和政治上的目的，故选C。
17
We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe ____.
A.
was accompanied by an increased number of workshop accidents
B.
resulted in the development of popular social insurance programs
C.
required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplace
D.
met growing resistance from laborers working at machines
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
文章第1段第2句提到“19世纪中期，德国和其他一些欧洲国家一样，由于工业化的发展而发生了史无前例的一系列的工人伤亡事故”，故选A。
18
One of the problems the American injured workers faced in getting compensation in the early 19th century was that _____.
A.
they had to have the courage to sue for damages in a court of law
B.
different states in the U.S. had totally different compensation prograams
C.
America's average compensation benefit was much lower than the cost of living
D.
they had to produce evidence that their employers were responsible for the accident
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
文章第2段第2、3句提到“美国受伤工人可以向法庭控告要求赔偿损失，但他们仍需面对一系列棘手的法律障碍。例如：雇员必须证明他们的伤是由于雇主的过失而直接造成的，而他们自己对工厂内潜在的危险一无所知”。由此可知D正确。
19
After 1972 workers' compensation insurance in the U.S. became more favorable to workers so that ______.
A.
the poverty level for a family of four went up drastically
B.
there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claims
C.
the number of workers suing for damages increased
D.
more money was allocated to their compensation system
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
文章最后一段第2句提到“大多数的研究表明，赔偿金每增加10%，提起赔偿诉讼请求的工人就会增加5%”。C与文章所表达的意思一致。
20
The author end the passage with the implication that _____.
A.
compensation benefits in America are soaring to new heights
B.
the workers are not the only ones to benefit from the compensation system
C.
people from all walks of life can benefit from the compensation system
D.
money floating in the compensation system is a huge drain on the U.S. economy
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
在文章结尾作者提到“由于在工人赔偿体系中所投入的资金越来越多，医生和律师使自己在这不断增大的馅饼中分到一大块也是毫不令人奇怪的”。因此可推断工人并不是唯一能从赔偿体系中受益的人，因此B正确。
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It's not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factor. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as being whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically interior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that white enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
21
The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem.
A.
why one's behaviors differ from others'
B.
what makes different stages of intelligence
C.
how social scientists form different theories
D.
what causes the “nature/nurture” controversy
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
原文开头两段指出作者要讨论的问题，第2段末开始从两个方面解释该问题，末段是总结段，从文章的结构可见文章要探讨的是人类行为如何形成。从选项来看，似乎没有一个表达此意，但首段末句和第2段第2句中 的why...从句表明how(怎样形成）和why(为什么不同）其实是对文章关注的问题的两个不同表述，故选A。
22
The word “proponents” (Line 4，Para. 2) can best be replaced by _____.
A.
approaches
B.
advocates
C.
principles
D.
characters
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
从第4段首句可以比较明显看出proponents和该句中的they以及behaviorists所指相同，由此可见，proponents一词指的应该是人;第5段第3句也表明proponents是指人，只有选项B符合。A“方法”、C“原则”和D “特征”，都不适合。
23
Which of the following statements may be supported by the “nature” school?
A.
We are born with certain personalities and behaviors.
B.
Environment has nothing to do with our personalities.
C.
Abilities and characteristics are revealed by behaviors
D.
Only extreme behaviors are determined by instinct
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
第3段首句中的determined by biological and genetic factor和末句中的governed by our instincts都表明。“天性论”派会认同选项A的看法。第3段第2句表明选项B中的has nothing to do with…不正确；原文并未提及选项C中提到的能力、特点和行为之间的关系；选项D只是将第3段末句的某些词语拼凑在一起，原文并
未讨论有关extreme behaviors的内容。
24
What can we learn about the behaviorists?
A.
They believe human beings are mechanical.
B.
They compare our behaviors to the machines.
C.
They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do.
D.
They uphold that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
本题实标上考査对第4段末句的正确理解。原文该句中的like machines, humans respond…表明作者并非单纯把人类比作机器，而是把人类对环境的反应与机械对环境的反应作类比，故选项C正确
25
The “nature” theorists believe that the blacks' low scores _____.
A.
are the result of the educational disadvantages
B.
are a manifestation of the blacks' poor intelligence
C.
have nothing to do with their true intelligence
D.
have nothing to do with factors other than heredity
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
由第5段第3句“这导致一些‘天性论'者断定黑人天生就比白人低下”，可以确定选项D为本题答案。选项A是另一派，即行为主义者的看法；原文该处虽也有intelligent一词，但是“天性论”者关注的并非分数与智力之间的关系，他们关注的是造成黑人在智力测试中分数低下的原因，事实上，原文也没有提到分数和智力之间是否存在某种关系，因此选项B和C都没有原文依据。
Depending on which player you ask, the "Fevernova" ball that sports equipment maker Adidas says provides the ultimate soccer experience is uncontrollable, too big or just simply "stupid". The ball also has its fans, like England's David Beckham, but so far they seem to have been outnumbered by critics.
Adidas says the ball, splashed with gold coloring, is quite simply the best around—25 percent more accurate than the ball used at France 98 thanks to meticulous testing by scientists in Germany.
The tongue-twisting nature of its contents confirms that the World Cup ball has come a long way from the leather-and-laces variety that was common as recently as the 1960s.
The Fevernova's secret, Adidas says, is its radically improved Syntactic foam and unique knitted Raschel fabric.
Given that this is supposed to make the ball Caster and provide the free-kick specialists like Beckham with more power, it may not be surprising that goalkeepers like Buffon are unhappy. Spain goal-keeper Pedro Contreras said the ball acts "strangely"，while Danish keeper Thomas Sorensen admitted gloomily that it would probably result in more spectacular goals. "As a goalkeeper, you have to live with the fact that the makers create balls for the benefit of strikers," he said before leaving Copenhagen for South Korea.
But outfield players have also weighed in with criticism, many saying the ball is too light and therefore hard to control. "It's big and it's too light," Japan's Jiji news agency quoted Brazilian forward Edilson as saying earlier this month, while striker Rivaldo said it soared too far when kicked.
Journalists at the main press centre in Yokohama have been given the chance to try out the Fevernova from the penalty spot, with the aim of hitting special targets in the goal. So far, few have been able to score more than five out of ten, although this may have little to do with the quality of the ball.
Putz admits that the ball is on the light side of FIFA's 420 to 445 gram weight requirement, but says it is no bigger than previous balls.
The controversy over the ball also has an off-pitch dimension. Industry insiders say it may be no coincidence that players from Brazil, sponsored by Adidas rival Nike, have been among the ball's most vociferous critics.
The same might go for the praise dished out for the ball by Beckham, one of the main players used to promote Adidas equipment.
26
How does Adidas describe the "Fevernova" ball?
A.
The experience provided by the ball is the best so far.
B.
The ball is almost impossible to control because of its large size.
C.
The ball has gone through a long way of development.
D.
The experience provided by the ball is most welcome by strikers.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
首段首句中的ultimate soccer experience表明Adidas公司认为"飞火流星"是迄今为止最完美的足球，因此选项A为本题答案。
27
What does the author think about the Syntactic foam and unique Raschel fabric that are used to make the ball?
A.
The materials have long been used in history.
B.
The materials do not sound familiar.
C.
The materials are new and advanced.
D.
The materials improve the precision of the ball.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
第3段开头的tongue-twisting表明人们对于制作"飞火流星"的材料及其功能都并不熟悉，因此选项B为本题答案。第3段表明"飞火流星"的材料经过很长时间才研制出来，并非长久以来一直在使用，由此可见，选项A不正确；第4段是Adidas公司的看法，并非作者的看法，因此选项C不符合题意；根据第2段可判断选项D也是Adidas公司的看法，而并非作者的看法。
28
The goalkeepers tend to admit reluctantly that _____.
A.
the ball is too strange to control
B.
the ball is so light that it goes toofast
C.
the ball may make the game more thrilling
D.
the ball may help to enhance the strikers'skills
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
本题题干中的reluctantly是关键词，指出本题要求査找的是"飞火流星"具有的优点，而这个优点是守门员们不想面对或承认的。根据第5段第2句中的it would probably result in more spectacular goals和下一句中的the makers create balls for the benefit of strikers(前锋;射手)可知，选项C符合题意，为本题答案。
29
Which of the following is true according to putz?
A.
The ball is lighter than but of the same size as the previous ones.
B.
The ball should have been heavier to meet the required weight.
C.
The ball should have been bigger than the previous ones.
D.
The ball is light but still meets the weight requirement.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
本题要求正确理解第8段中的on the light side of FIFA's 420 to 445 gram weight requirement，该句应理解为"飞火流星"重量偏轻，但仍属于要求范围内，选项D是正确的理解，为本题答案。
30
According to industry insiders, Beckham's comment on the ball _____.
A.
is justified in his daily training
B.
is out of commercial purpose
C.
goes as radical as the Brazilian players'
D.
is similar to that by the Brazilian players
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
概括最后两段可以得知，业内人士认为对"飞火流星"的批评和称赞都与赞助公司有关，也就是说，这些评价都出于商业目的，由此可推断选项B为本题答案。选项A中的training在原文根本没有提及；末段开头的The same might go表明Beckham和巴西球员对"飞火流星"做出的评价源于相似的目的，并非表明他们的评价内容相似，因此选项C和D都不正确。
In department stores and closets all over the world. Their outward appearance seems rather appealing because they come in variety of styles, textures, and colors. But they are ultimately the biggest deception that exists in the fashion industry today. What are they? They are high heels-a woman's worst enemy (whether she knows it or not). High heel shoes are the downfall of modern society. Fashion myths have led women to believe that they are more beautiful or sophisticated for wearing heels, but unreality, heels succeed in posing short as well as long term hardships. Women should fight the high heel industry by refusing to use or purchase them in order to save the world should fight the high heel industry by refusing to use or purchase them in order to save the world from unnecessary physical and psychological suffering.
For the sake of fairness, it must be noted that there is a positive side to high heels. First, heels are excellent for aerating (使通气）lawns. Anyone who has ever worn heels on grass knows what I am talking about. A simple trip around the yard in a pair of those babies eliminates all need to call for a lawn care specialist, and provides the perfect-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy chunks of dirt lying around. Second, heels are quite functional for defense against oncoming enemies, who can easily be scared away by threatening them with a pair of these sharp, deadly fashion accessories.
Regardless of such practical uses for heels, the fact remains that wearing high heel is harmful to one's physical health. Talk to any podiatrist (足病医生），and you will hear that the majority of their business comes from high-heel-wearing women. High heels are known to cause problems such as deformed feet and torn toenails. The risk of severe back problems and twisted or broken ankles is three times higher for a high heel wearer than for at flat shoe wearer. Wearing heels also creates the threat of getting a heel caught in a sidewalk crack or a sewer-grate (阴沟柵）and being thrown to the ground—possibly breaking a nose, back, or neck. And of course, after wearing heels for a day, any woman knows she can look forward to a night of pain as she tries to comfort her swollen, aching feet.
31
What makes women blind to the deceptive nature of high heels?
A.
The multi-functional use of high heels.
B.
Their attempt to show off their status.
C.
The rich variety of high heel styles.
D.
Their wish to improve their appearance.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
根据文章第1段倒数第2句中"时尚神话使女性相信穿上高跟鞋会更美丽或气质更优雅"可知本题选D。
32
The author's presentation of the positive side of high heels is meant ______.
A.
to be ironic
B.
to poke fun at women
C.
to be fair to the fashion industry
D.
to make his point convincing
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
文章第2段讲到高跟鞋有两种积极的作用：一种是极好的草地供氧用具，不用挖土就能在草地上凿出均匀的小洞供草地吸氧；另一种是可击退来犯之敌，高跟鞋轻易就能吓退敌人。从内容和语气上看，作者旨在对高跟鞋进行嘲讽。因此A"讽刺的：反话的"符合作者的写作意图。
33
The author uses the expression "those babies"(Line 3, Para. 2) to refer to high heels _____.
A.
to show their fragile characteristics
B.
to indicate their feminine features
C.
to show women's affection for them
D.
to emphasize their small size
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
baby通常是人们对婴儿的爱称，语气中包含有怜爱的成分，而在文章第1段作者也指出高跟鞋颇具吸引力，女性都相信穿高跟鞋能使她们更漂亮、气质更优稚，由此可看出女性对高跟鞋的钟爱。结合这两个方面可推断出作者将高跟鞋比作baby,目的只是为了表现女性对高跟鞋的怜爱。因此选C。
34
The author's chief argument against high heels is that ______.
A.
they pose a threat to lawns
B.
they are injurious to women's health
C.
they don't necessarily make women beautiful
D.
they are ineffective as a weapon of defense
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推断题,在文章第1段作者就提出自己的观点：高跟鞋是女性最大的敌人，它会给女性带来身体和精神上的伤害。而在文章最后一段作者又详细说明了高跟鞋会给女性带来身体上的伤害。因此，作者反对女性穿高跟鞋的主要原因是高跟鞋对女性健康有害，故B与文章所陈述的现点一致。
35
It can be inferred from the passage that women should ______.
A.
see through the very nature of fashion myths
B.
boycott the products of the fashion industry
C.
go to a podiatrist regularly for advice
D.
avoid following fashion too closely
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
在文章第1段倒数第2句作者指出：时尚神话使女性相信穿上高跟鞋能使她们更漂亮、气质更优雅。但实际情况却是高跟鞋只会给女性带来身体上和精神上的伤害。因此作者应是呼吁女性识破时尚神话的真正实质，拒绝购买和穿高跟鞋。因此，A与文章的意思吻合；而B和D的说法文中没有提到，也过于绝对了，C并不是坐着的目的。
Office workers who would normally step into a pub or gym to cope with the stress of a working day are being invited instead to sit in front of a painting.
Manchester Art Gallery has recruited two of the country's leading experts in stress management to choose pictures that are guaranteed to leave even the most frantic feeling at ease with the world. They have created the "tranquility tour" which allows city-centre workers to spend their lunch hour taking a soothing tour of what are described as "some of the most relaxing and inspiring paintings ever committed to canvas". The free tour takes the visitor through several centuries of painting, from the Victorian aesthetic movement, through the Pre-Raphaelite school, to modern abstract art.
Kim Gowland, a gallery executive, said: "Looking at art is a stress-relieving activity. What we are trying to do is encourage people who work in the city to spend half an hour of their lunch break in the gallery , to chill out rather than rush around the shops."
The five works chosen by Andrew Loukes, the gallery's manager, are: John RoddamSpencer Stanhope's The Waters of Lethe (1880), Turner's Thomson's Aeolian Harp(1809), Sir John Everett Millais's Autumn Leaves (1856), James Durden's Summerin Cumberland(1925) and Bridget Riley's Zephyr(1976).
Mr. Loukes said: "We chose five pictures that suggest restfulness. We also wanted to display the breadth of the collection. We are particularly strong inearly-19th and early-20th-century British art."
Their therapeutic powers have been endorsed by Olga Gregson and Terry Looker from the Department of Biological Sciences at Manchester Metropolitan University. Dr. Gregson said that "research shows that stress levels have reduced and moods changed for the better" when subjects looked at paintings.
"Although art appreciation is very much a matter of personal choice, it is true that some works of art appeal to almost everyone, and that some paintings have qualities that can induce relaxation in most people," Dr. Gregsonsaid. "Great painters such as Leonardo da Vinci were masters of techniques that could evoke particular responses in the viewer."
Dr. Gregson said the gallery represented an "oasis of calm"."You have got this wonderful opportunity to evoke a different kind of psycho physiological response."
36
What is done by the Manchester Art Gallery is intended to _____.
A.
find out the relation between paintings and stress-easing
B.
promote its magnificent collection of British art
C.
reduce working people's stress levels by art appreciation
D.
provide an alternative of pastime for consumers
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
原文第2段第1句说明曼彻斯特美术馆雇佣两位压力管理专家并且展览画作都是为了使人缓解压力，因此选项C为美术馆的目的。
37
The tour is named "tranquility tour because _____.
A.
it is expected to play a soothing role
B.
it displays paintings through centuries
C.
it comprises paintings of various styles
D.
it only takes a half hour around lunch time
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
第2段第2句中tranquility tour后的定语从句是对该活动的理解，从中可知选项A为本题答案,从本文可知美术馆展出画作目的是帮助在市中心工作的人减轻心理压力，活动的名称也应该与该目的紧密结合。
38
What does Kim Gowland points out about city-center workers?
A.
They are pressed by family burden as well as their careers.
B.
They like going shopping during their short lunchbreak.
C.
They shouldn't rush around the gallery while looking at art.
D.
Looking at art is much better than going to pubs or gyms.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
第3段第2句句末提到的rather than rush around the shops表明Kim Gowland认为在没有这个活动之前，在市中心工作的人在午餐时间通常会逛商店，因此，本题应选B。选项A中的family burden在原文没有提及；选项D中的pubs or gyms虽然在文章首句有提及.但并非Kim Gowland指出的；第3段第2句末rush around的宾语是shops,并非gallery,因此,选项C亦错误。
39
According to the author, the painting's impact on relieving stress is ______.
A.
based on personal experiences
B.
varied from people to people
C.
in need of further study
D.
scientifically proven
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
第6段末句中的research shows…表明油画可以舒缓压力这个观点已经得到科学研究的证实，因此本题应选D,同时排除A。原文该句也表明油画真的能舒缓压力，这种影响对于看过油画的人是相同的.因此选项B不正确；原文没有提及以后是否会对油画和舒缓压力之间的关系作进一步的研究，因此选项C缺乏原文依据。
40
It is indicated by Dr. Gregson that da Vinci's paintings can _____.
A.
suggest restfulness
B.
arouse diverse feelings
C.
capture almost everyone
D.
ease stress in most people
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
作者在倒数第2段末句提到达·芬奇的画作目的是说明该段首句主句提及的观点：有些艺术作品确实能吸引几乎每一个人,再结合该段末句的定语从句that could evoke particular responses in the viewer即可确定大多数人对达·芬奇的画作产生特别的反应，因此本题应选C。文中并没有说明这种特别的反应是什么，因此选项A和D推断过度了；选项B正好与文章该段内容相反，很明显是不正确的。
People traveling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly can anyone positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep. During the day, sleep comes in snatches. At nights, when you really wish to go to sleep you rarely manage to do so. Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted. Long car journey are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on narrow, bumpy roads which are crowded with traffic. By comparison, trips by sea offer a great variety of civilized comforts. You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, swim, meet interesting people and enjoy good food—always assuming, of course, that the sea is clam. If it is not, and you are likely to get seasick; no form of transport could be worse. Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice up to a third of their holidays for the pleasure of traveling on a ship.
Airplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and expensive. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort. Traveling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. The real escapist can watch a free film show and sip champagne on some services. But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied. An airplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from the view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled.
41
The author indicates that reading can help lessen ______.
A.
the boredom of being in the train
B.
the tiresome clicking of the wheels
C.
the sleeplessness during the journey
D.
the poor ventilation of the compartment
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
原文第1段第4句提到阅读是a partial solution,这表明阅读有助于解决某个问题.而这个问题就是该段第2句和第3句提到的坐长途火车会让人觉得烦闷，由此可见，本题答案应为A。
42
What can we learn about the long distance journey by car?
A.
It is safe because the car usually goes at high speeds.
B.
It is monotonous because reading is quite impossible.
C.
It is exhausting because you seldom manage to sleep.
D.
It is dangerous because the traffic is always too dense.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
首段第8句中的for引出原因从句，表明因果关系，而B表达的因果关系与此相同，因此为本题答案。原文该段第9句提到了safely at high speeds，但安全和高速之间并不存在因果关系，因此A不正确；C在原文没提及，D的因果关系也不正确。
43
Trips by sea is regarded as the worst means of traveling when ______.
A.
the weather is terrible
B.
the traveler has little time
C.
the traveler feels seasick
D.
the sea is not calm
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
首段倒数第3句指出了两种因果关系：第一,海洋不平静可能会导致你晕船;第二,晕船会让你觉得坐船是最糟糕的交通方式，由此可见，本题应选C。D"海不平静"并非人们认为坐船是最糟糕的交通方式的直接原因，晕船才是；且海不平静并不一定会导致晕船，故排除干扰项D。
44
What is the greatest difference between traveling by air and the other means of traveling?
A.
Traveling by air is not so tiring as the others.
B.
Traveling by air brings more fun than the others.
C.
Traveling by air is much more expensive than the others.
D.
Traveling by air offers more time for sleep than the others.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
虽然文章没有明显地比较飞机与其他交通方式，但是从首段的内容来看，可以知道当作者描述其他交通方式时，都提到它们很累人，而第2段末句中的fresh and uncrumpled表明坐飞机旅行不会让旅行者觉得累，由此 可见，本题应选A。
45
Writing the passage, the author intends to _____.
A.
introduce diverse ways of traveling
B.
points out the best mode of traveling
C.
emphasize the advantages of traveling by air
D.
compare the means of relaxing when traveling
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
作者在原文首句提到了三种交通方式,然后分别描述了它们各自的特点,可见，作者写本文是为了介绍三种不同的交通方式，故选A。作者只是描述三种交通方式的特点，没有指出哪一种是最好的，因此B不正确;C只是第2段的内容，并非全文主题，因此也不正确；本文的主题是交通方式，并非放松的方式，因此D不正确。
Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people's natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin (亲戚）neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the "obvious" is not true. It seems that if you area city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.
Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.
These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity (多样性).For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广者的）outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
46
Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?
A.
Two contrasting views are presented.
B.
An argument is examined and possible solutions given.
C.
Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.
D.
A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
文章第1段第2句通过However提出了两种完全不同的观点，"就在几十年前，对于普通大众和社会学家而言，现代社会‘明显地'改变了人们的自然关系"和"然而，最近几年，越来越多的研究表明,那些‘明显'的事情并不真实' 因此,应该选A。
47
According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents ___.
A.
did not have the same interests as their neighbors
B.
could not develop long-standing relationships
C.
tended to be associated with bad behavior
D.
usually had more friends
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
根据文章第1段第2句中的"就在几十年前，对于普通大众和社会学家而言，现代社会‘明显地'改变了人们的自然关系，使他们的亲情、邻里观念变得淡薄，取而代之的是彼此之间萍水相逢的表面关系"，由此可推断，B与文章的内容相符，故而正确。
48
One of the consequences of urban life Is that impersonal relationships among neighbors .
A.
disrupt people's natural relations
B.
make them worry about crime
C.
cause them not to show concern for one another
D.
cause them to be suspicious of each other
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
根据文章第3段第2句"如果邻里之间互不相识，他们就不大会清扫隔壁老夫妇门前的过道，也不会帮忙照看一下小捣蛋"，可知C正确。B是原因，不是结果。
49
It can be Inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is, ____.
A.
the better its quality of life
B.
the more similar its interests
C.
the more tolerant it is
D.
the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
根据文章第3段倒数第2句"更大城市的居民比小城镇的居民见多识广，对传统的亲情角色承担更小的责任,有 可能投票选举左翼政党候选人，对非传统的宗教团体、不得人心的政团组织或所谓的讨人嫌者更能容忍"，可知C与文章所表达的意思相符。
50
What is the passage mainly about?
A.
Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small-town dwellers.
B.
Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.
C.
The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.
D.
The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
在文章第1段.作者提出了两种不同的观点.随后一直在论述第二个观点，作者通过对比大城市和小城镇居民的相似性来支持其观点。因此,A与文章的内容相一致。
The level of discrimination has varied enormously in the history of human societies, from genocide where ethnics are killed off through expulsion and, when these extreme forms of discrimination are not possible, through segregation in a ghetto and a narrow range of jobs.
One type of ethnic minority is lower class. Here disproportionate numbers of a population are isolated in slum housing tracts and pushed into the lowest-paying occupations such that they are in the poverty classes of a society. African-Americans have suffered this fate in the United States. Another type of ethnic minority created by discrimination is the middleman minority where members are segregated but, at the same time，allowed to occupy a narrow range of entrepreneurial and professional economic positions which give them some affluence. For example, Jews in feudal and early modem Europe often occupied high positions in banking and finance; and many Asian immigrants in America today have moved into small business niches.
What determines which type of a minority an ethnic population will become? One important condition is the resources—money, entrepreneurial know-how, educational credentials—that a population can mobilize. When ethnics have some resources, they can more readily move into intermediary minority positions and live a more middle-class life style. But resources are not the only factory; another is the absolute size of an ethnic population. A small minority with resources can more easily find intermediary niches than a large one, for the simple reason that there are not enough small-business positions for a large population. A large ethnic population will, therefore, be pushed to lower niches especially if their resources are limited and, as a result, their ability to fight off discrimination is low. African-Americans have suffered this fate: They are too large a group to fill middlemen minority positions, and they have insufficient resources to overcome discrimination. Indeed, what often happens is that members of a large minority who can mobilize resources—say, educational credentials—move into middle-class positions, leaving behind their fellow ethnics. For example, many blacks in America have made dramatic strides in moving to the middle-classes in the post-Civil Rights era, but the fate of the vast majority of blacks in the lower classes has remained the same, or worsened over the last twenty-five years. Black America itself is thus divided by large class differences.
51
Which of the following is the correct description of “genocide”？
A.
It is a place where ethnics are discriminated.
B.
It is an extreme form of ethnic discrimination.
C.
It is manifested by means of segregation.
D.
It is the earliest discrimination in history.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
在首段中以when引出的状语从句里，these extreme forms of discrimination指的就是前面提到的 genocide和expulsion,由此可见，B的说法正确。从首段的主要句式the level... varied... from genocide…through expulsion... through segregation可以知道genocide并非一个地方，而是种族歧视的一个 level,因此A不正确;而从该句的句式也可以知道genocide和segregation是两种不同程度的种族歧视，由此可知C不正确；原文并未提及earliest discrimination是什么，首段只是指出genocide是最极端的discrimination，因此D不正确。
52
How were the Jews in feudal and early modern Europe discriminated?
A.
They were isolated in living in slum housing tracts.
B.
Only the lowest-paying occupations were available to them.
C.
Only very few high-paying professions were open to them.
D.
They suffered the same fate as the African-Americans.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
第2段末句开头的For example表明犹太人的遭遇是用于说明上句观点的例子，要知道犹太人受到的歧视是怎样的，只要在上句查找就行了。通过查找上一句可以知道犹太人受到的歧视属于middleman minority,而该句中的 a narrow range of...表明C为本题答案。A和B都是针对lower class的做法，因此不适用于犹太人身上;D中的African-Americans属于lower class，显然，犹太人和他们受到的歧视的形式是不相同的。
53
The Asian Americans are classified as the middleman minority mainly because _____.
A.
their population is smaller than that of the African Americans
B.
they are not discriminated as severely as the African Americans
C.
they cannot go beyond small business
D.
they are a small minority with resources
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
从第2段最后两句可知在美国的亚裔人也属于middleman minority,而第3段解释了决定一个族群成为哪一种少数族群的因素：资源和人口。要考虑为什么美国的亚裔人能成为middleman minority,就要综合考虑这两个因素，而末段第5句中的主句概括了这两个因素，D为本题答案。A只提到了 population,过于片面，不正确；B和C都不是决定少数族群类型的因素。
54
What is most likely to happen to the large ethnic minority, according to the last paragraph?
A.
All its members have to stay in the lower class.
B.
It is hard for its members to enter the middleman class.
C.
There is obvious class division in the group itself.
D.
There is no way for them to overcome discrimination.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
未段倒数第3句开头的what often happens is that表明之后的内容为问题答案所在，而句末的leaving behind their fellow ethnics明确表示人口众多的少数族群会产生阶级分化，紧接着下一句以美国黑人为例证实了这个观点，由此可见,C为本题答案。其他选项均不符合题干要求，直接排除。
55
Which of the following factor determines one’s chance to move into the middle class?
A.
The population of the group one is in.
B.
One's ability to make use of resources.
C.
One’s educational background.
D.
The severity of discrimination.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
未段倒数第3句中由who引出的定语从句指出了一个人能进入中层阶级的条件，B表达了与此相同的内容，为本题答案。A是其中一个决定整个族群类型的因素，不符合题意;末段倒倒数第3句中的say, educational credentials表明C是resources的一个方面，如果选择C就太片面了;D在原文未提及。
Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels; and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self-fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is "intelligent". Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A true indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day.
If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything it’s worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N.B.D.—Nervous Break Down.
"Intelligent" people do not have N.B.D.’s because they are in charge of themselves. They know how to choose happiness over depression, because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives.
You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N.B.D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don’t measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare.
56
According to the author, the conventional notion of intelligence measured in terms of one's ability to read, write and compute____.
A.
is a widely held but wrong concept
B.
will help eliminate intellectual prejudice
C.
is the root of all mental distress
D.
will contribute to one’s self-fulfillment
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
根据文章第1段第3、4句“这种智力观把正规教育和书面成绩当作自我价值的真正测量标准。这种标准鼓励了一种智力上的偏见，并已产生了不良的后果”,可知A与这两句的意思相符；其余三项显然与文章的观点相悖。
57
It is implied in the passage that holding a university degree ____.
A.
may result in one's inability to solve complex real-life problems
B.
does not indicate one's ability to write properly worded documents
C.
may make one mentally sick and physically weak
D.
does not mean that one is highly intelligent
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
从文章第1段最后两句“精神病院里拥有各种各样学历证书的病人并不少见。智力的真正的标志是每天快乐、有效地生活，并时刻活在当下”,可看出D与文章隐含的意思相符。A错在result in，在文中作者并未表明拥有一纸学历会“导致”解决现实复杂问题的无力；B与文章所述观点相悖;C显然不是作者想要表达的观点。
58
The author thinks that an intelligent person knows_____.
A.
how to put up with some very prevalent myths
B.
how to find the best way to achieve success in life
C.
how to avoid depression and make his life worthwhile
D.
how to persuade others to compromise
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
根据文章第2段首句“如果你快乐，如果你生活的每一刻都有意义，那么你就是一个聪明人”和第3段第2句“聪明人知道怎样选择幸福，而不是沮丧，因为他们知道怎样处理生活中的问题”可知，C与此意思相符。
59
In the last paragraph, the author tells us that _____.
A.
difficulties are but part of everyone's life
B.
depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in life
C.
everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstances
D.
good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
文章最后一段提到“生活的磨难对每个人都是一样的。处于社会生活中的人都会遇到相似的困难。意见分歧、冲突和妥协都是生活的一部分。同样，金钱、衰老、疾病、死亡、自然灾害事故也是几乎所有人所面临的问题。但有些人能度过这一切，避免生活中的沮丧和不幸，而有些人却被困难击倒，情绪沮丧”，因此A与此段的意思相符;B、C与文意不符;D在该段中并没有提及。
60
According to the passage,what kind of people are rare?
A.
Those who don't emphasize bookish excellence in their pursuit of happiness.
B.
Those who are aware of difficulties in life but know how to avoid unhappiness.
C.
Those who measure happiness by an absence of problems but seldom suffer from N.B.D.s.
D.
Those who are able to secure happiness though having to struggle against trying circumstances.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
文章最后一句话“那些认识到困难是人生必然存在的情况,并且不以有无困难来衡量幸福与否的人才是我们所知的最聪明的一类人,也是很罕见的一类人”,B所表达的意思与此相符。
I have worked with so many people over the years that have made me wonder how on earth they can work at their desk when everything that was in their drawers and in their filing cabinets has ended up in piles on top of their keyboard. One co-worker of mine couldn’t remember what colour the top of his desk was! I had to say something, but when I did, he told me that he knew where everything was and needed all that paperwork for different projects he was working on.
Some study suggests that about 15% of our time is wasted on looking for misplaced files and paperwork at the office. People get really defensive when you tell them that their desk is a mess. They say that they don’t have time to clean up, as they are too busy. And if they would file certain items they would forget to work on it and would therefore miss the deadline.
Hence, first things first, get yourself some folders and a black marker. Take every piece of paper on your desk one by one and file them. Make sure that everything you need to do with these papers is written down on a “to-do” list or even better in your computer organiser. For example, if you have to work on your budget next Monday, write down “work on budget” in your computer organiser so that when Monday comes, your computer will send you a reminder that you need to work on your budget today. Then file that paper in a folder named “budget”. Put that folder away—not on your desk!! But in your filing cabinet. Proceed this way with every bit of information that clutters your desk. Do not get distracted by a form that reminds you that you need to do something. Instead, jot it down on your “to-do” list or in your organiser. You won’t forget it as it has been written down. File it and move on. Keep focused. Only do one thing at a time for the moment and that is to organise and clean your desk.
61
By mentioning his co-worker couldn’t remember the color of the desk top， the author implies that____.
A.
the color of the desk top was too trivial to remember?
B.
people were always kept too busy with office work
C.
people always misplaced their files and paperwork
D.
disorganized office was hard to tolerate
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
题干是首段第2句的内容，是对该段首句“抽屉及文件柜里的东西最终在他们的键盘上堆积成山”的进一步举例说明，作者举这个极端的例子意在暗示“人们总是胡乱堆放文件（以至文件遮住桌面）”，因此C为本题答案。
62
What did the author most probably say to his co-worker?
A.
The author told him to put away the unnecessary paperwork.
B.
The author asked him for the paperwork he was working on.
C.
The author advised him to remember where everything was.
D.
The author suggested he deal with the projects one by one.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
根据首段末句那位同事的回答可以推断作者对他说的内容应该是：整理办公桌，把不必要的文件清理干净，由此可见，本题应选A。本段主要针对“办公桌上乱七八糟”这个话题，B、D都与此主题无关,不能选;C并没有谈到“办公桌”、“文件”等关键问题，与主题关系不密切，也不能选。
63
Some people regarded the files left on the desk top as _____.
A.
functionally a computer
B.
side products of a project
C.
reminders of the work to do
D.
evidence for their busy work
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
第2段末句中的if... they would forget to…表明有些人把文件堆放在桌面上是为防止忘记要做的事，因此本题应选C。
64
A “budget” folder is used for ____.
A.
Keeping the “to-do” list
B.
recording what has been done
C.
registering the company's budget
D.
filing the relevant papers for future tasks
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
末段提到了整理桌面文件的步骤，还举了具体的例子，如要做预算报告，先将任务记录在计算机整理器中，然后将资料归入“budget”文件夹，以备做预算时使用，因此，budget文件夹中放的是将来做预算时所需的相关资料，即D项所述。
65
IAccording to the author, the most important thing right now is to _____.
A.
sort out the priority of the office work
B.
clean the desk by filing the paperwork
C.
be concentrated on what is being done
D.
stop piling everything on the desk top
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
末段末句的Only do one thing... and that is...表明该句提到的就是现在所要做的最重要的事，B的内容与that is后的内容相同，因此选B。
In 1951, Time magazine set out to paint a portrait of the nation’s youth, those born into the Great Depression. It doomed them as the Silent Generation, and a generally dull lot: cautious and obedient, uninterested in striking out in new directions or shaping the great issues of the day一the outwardly efficient types whose inner agonies the novel “Revolutionary Road” would analyze a decade later.
“Youth’s ambitions have shrunk,” the magazine declared “Few youngsters today want to mine diamonds in South Africa, ranch in Paraguay, climb Mount Everest, find a cure for cancer, sail around die world or build an industrial empire. Some would like to own a small, independent business, but most want a good job with a big firm, and with it, a kind of suburban idyll (田园生活）.” The young soldier “lacks flame,” students were “docile notetakers.” And the young writer's talent “sometimes turns out to be nothing more than a byproduct of his nervous disposition.”
“The best thing that can be said for American youth, in or out of uniform, is that it has learned that it must try to make the best of a bad and difficult job, whether that job is life, war, or both,” concluded. “The generation which has been called the oldest young generation in the world has achieved a certain maturity.”
Today we are in a recession the depth and duration of which are unknown; Friday’s job loss figures were just the latest suggestion that it could well be prolonged and profound rather than shorter and shallower.
So what of the youth shaped by what some are already calling the Great Recession? Will a publication looking back from 2030 damn them with such faint praise? Will they marry younger, be satisfied with stable but less exciting jobs? Will their children mock them for reusing tea bags and counting pennies as if this paycheck were the last? At the very least, they will deal with tremendous instability, just as their Depression forebears did.
“The ‘30s challenged the whole idea of the American dream, the idea of open economic possibilities,” said Morris Dickstein an English professor at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. “The version you get of that today is the loss of confidence on the part of both parent and children that life in the next generation will inevitably be better.”
How today’s young will be affected 10, 20 or 40 years on will depend on many things. If history is any guide, what will matter most is where this recession generation is in the historical process.
66
What did the novel “Revolutionary Road” analyze?
A.
The inner pain of the Silent Generation.
B.
The personality of the Silent Generation.
C.
The characteristics of the efficient people.
D.
The impact of the Depression on the youth
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
“Revolutionary Road”出现在首段末句whose引导的定语从句中，该从句指出，10年后出版的《革命之路》分析了他们（“沉默的一代”）内心的痛苦，由此选A。inner agonies指内心的痛苦，与人的性格无关，因此排除B和C; D的范围太广，属于过度推断。
67
By commenting that “students were ‘docile notetakers'”, the Time magazine suggested that students, should have been _____.
A.
more independent
B.
more ambitious
C.
more creative
D.
more diligent
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
第2段首句是该段主题句，其他句子以举例的方式说明主题句的观点。文中提到学生是“温顺的书呆子”，目的是为了说明首句的观点：年轻人的野心已经退化，即《时代》杂志认为年轻人应更具野心，本题应选B。其他选项都与主题句中的ambitions这个话题无关。
68
What is the advantage of the Great Depression, according to Time?
A.
It increased the youth chances for a better job.
B.
It increased the youth’s crisis awareness
C.
It made the youth learn to be mature.
D.
It made the youth more patriotic.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
第3段开头的The best thing表明这一段讲的是大萧条对美国年轻人造成的正面影响，第2句《时代》杂志指出美国年轻人变得成熟了(has achieved a certain maturity)，可见选C。第3段首句中的make the best of a bad and difficult job意为“不管工作好坏，都要好好面对”,并没有“提供更好的工作”的意思， A不正确；文章没有提及B、D。
69
The author thinks that Time commented on the Silent Generation with ____.
A.
heartfelt sympathy
B.
solid evidence
C.
disguised praise
D.
convincing criticism
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
第5段第2句以提问的形式问道：未来的2030年还会有某本杂志再来一次回顾，得出类似的似褒实贬的称赞之辞吗？其中damn…with faint praise表明作者认为《时代》对“沉默的一代”的称赞并非出自真心， 或者说这种称赞实际上是批评,因此选C。
70
Morris Dickstein points out that people now _____.
A.
tend to believe in a prosperous future
B.
can rely on their children for a better life
C.
lose faith in the open economic possibilities
D.
was hopeless at a better life for their children
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
第6段末句句末的that life in the next generation…是loss of confidence 的同位语从句，意为“人们不相信下一代的生活会更好”，选项D为本题答案。该段首句提到的the open economic possibilities(各种赚钱的可能性)是美国梦的内容，C误解了原文的意思。
No woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed to the late Duchess (公爵夫人）of Windsor embodies much of the odd spirit of our times. Being thin is deemed as such a virtue.
The problem with such a view is that some people actually attempt to live by it. I myself have fantasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes. Consequently, I have been on a diet for the better—or worse—part of my life. Being rich wouldn’t be bad either, but that won’t happen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land, leaving me millions of dollars.
Where did we go off the track? When did eating butter become a sin, and a little bit of extra flesh unappealing, if not repellent? All religions have certain days when people refrain from eating and excessive eating is one of Christianity's seven deadly sins. However, until quite recently, most people had a problem getting enough to eat. In some religious groups, wealth was a symbol of probable salvation and high morals, and fatness a sign of wealth and well-being.
Today the opposite is true. We have shifted to thinness as our new mark of virtue. The result is that being fat-or even only somewhat overweight-is bad because it implies a lack of moral strength.
Our obsession (迷恋）with thinness is also fueled by health concerns. It is true that in this country we have more overweight people than ever before, and that, in many cases, being overweight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. These diseases, however, may have as much to do with our way of life and our high-fat diets as with excess weight. And the associated risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary problem—too much fat and a lack of fiber-than a weight problem.
The real concern, then, is not that we weigh too much, but that we neither exercise enough nor eat well. Exercise is necessary for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced diet without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases. We should surely stop paying so much attention to weight. Simply being thin is not enough. It is actually hazardous if those who get (or already are)thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall life-style. Thinness cart be pure vainglory (虚荣).
71
In the eyes of the author, an odd phenomenon nowadays is that _____.
A.
the Duchess of Windsor is regarded as a woman of virtue
B.
looking slim is a symbol of having a large fortune
C.
being thin is viewed as a much desired quality
D.
religious people are not necessarily virtuous
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
在文章第1段末句，作者指出“瘦被认为是这样的一种美德”；而在第4段第2句，作者又提到“我们已经把瘦当成是一种新的美德标志”，故C正确。
72
Swept by the prevailing trend, the author ____.
A.
had to go on a diet for the greater part of her life
B.
could still prevent herself from going off the track
C.
had to seek help from rich distant relatives
D.
had to wear highly fashionable clothes
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
文章第2段第2、3句提到“我们自己也幻想能穿上窄小的名牌衣服。因此，为了……我也节食减肥”。因此，A正确。
73
In human history, people’s views on body weight_____.
A.
were closely related to their religious beliefs.
B.
changed from time to time
C.
varied between the poor and the rich
D.
led to different moral standards
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
根据文章第3段末句“在一些宗教团体里，财富是有望得到救赎、拥有高尚品德的标志，而身体发福是富有和健康的标志。”以及第4段的内容可知，人们对体重的看法因时代不同而有所变化，所以B正确。
74
The author criticizes women’s obsession with thinness _________.
A.
from an economic and educational perspective
B.
from sociological and medical points of view
C.
from a historical and religious standpoint
D.
in the light of moral principles
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
文章的第4段和第5段提到了道德和健康，因此可看出，作者是从社会学和医学的角度批评了人们的观点，所以B正确。
75
What’s the author’s advice to women who are absorbed in the idea of thinness?
A.
They should be more concerned with their overall life style.
B.
They should be more watchful for fatal diseases.
C.
They should gain weight to look healthy.
D.
They should rid themselves of fantasies about designer clothes.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
文章第6段倒数第2句提到“瘦身之后（或者本来就不胖）的人，如果以为这样就可以自然而然健康起来而不必关注自己的整个生活方式，那才是危险的。”由此可推断作者建议那些一心求瘦的女人们应该多注意她们的生活方式，A符合题意。
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