六级翻译段落翻译基础训练第11关

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1 故宫(the Imperial Palace)位于北京市中心，是世界上现存规模最大、保存最完整的古代皇宫和古建筑群(architectural complex)。这座历史悠久的宫殿，面积宏大，南北约千米，东西753米。整个皇宫相传共有9999个房间，分为外朝和内庭两部分。外朝是皇帝行使权力、举行盛典的地方。内庭是皇帝的居住之地。故宫建筑群是中国古代宫殿建筑(Palatial architecture)的典范，对东亚及其他国家的文化和建筑产生了重大影响。而今整个故宫成为国家博物馆，陈列着众多珍贵的古代文物(cultural relics)。

参考答案：The Imperial Palace, located in the center of Beijing, is the largest, best preserved ancient imperial palace and architectural complex in the world. The historical, spacious palace stretches about 1,000 meters from north to south and 753 meters on its east-west axis. Altogether, there are 9,999 rooms inside the palace according to legend, which is made up of two parts: the outer court and the inner court. The outer court was a place where the emperors exercised their power and held grand ceremonies. The inner court was the imperial residence. The palace complex exemplifies traditional Chinese palatial architecture, and has influenced cultural and architectural developments greatly in East Asia and elsewhere. Today the entire Imperial Palace functions as a national museum, where a variety of treasured cultural relics are exhibited.
系统解析：
1.第一个句子主语为“故宫”，后面跟着两个谓语动词“位于”、“是”；为使句子简洁，可将“位于北京市中心”译为过去分词短语located in...，放在主语the Imperial Palace后面作后置定语，也可译为定语从句which is located in...。
2.第二句中的“南北约千米，东西753米”都是表达距离，为了避免重复，使表达多样化，在翻译时将“南北”译作 from north to south，“东西”译为 on its east-west axis。
3.第四句“外朝是皇帝行使权力、举行盛典的地方”在翻译时可使用where引导的定语从句说明“外朝”是什么样的地方。
4.最后一句中，可将“整个故宫成为国家博物馆”作为主句。“陈列着众多珍贵的古代文物”隐含的主语是博物馆，因而此部分可译为where引导的定语从句，用“古代文物”作主语，使用被动语态。

2 皇帝是中国封建社会(feudal society)最高统治者。秦王赢政统一中国之后，称自己为皇帝。自此，中国开始了长达2132年的皇帝统治时期。到1912年中国最后一个皇帝溥仪退位，中国历史上共有495位皇帝。皇帝一人掌握国家政策制定、军事决策等全部大权，决定着国家和人民的命运。中国历史上有许多英明的皇帝，他们勤政爱民，制定了许多合理的政策，促进了经济和社会的发展。还有一些残暴无能的皇帝，他们带给了人民无尽的灾难，受到人民的激烈反抗。

参考答案：Emperor was the supreme ruler of the feudal society in China. After Yingzheng, the king of Qin, unified China, he called himself Emperor. Since then, China had entered a period of emperors'reign, which lasted for 2,132 years. There were totally 495 emperors in the history of China until 1912, when Puyi, the last emperor of China gave up the throne. Emperors dominated all the rights of policy making and military decision and so on. They were the only ones who could decide the fate of the country and its people. In Chinese history many wise emperors were diligent in politics and loved their people. They made many reasonable policies to promote the development of economy and society. There were also many cruel and incompetent emperors who brought endless disasters to the people and were resisted fiercely.
系统解析：
1.第一句中，“中国封建社会”可用of带出，放在所修饰的名词后面作定语，符合英文表达习惯。
2.第三句中“长达2132年的”译为英语时可用which引导的非限制性定语从句来表达，放在中心词后面，使译文前后平衡，避免头重脚轻。
3.“到1912年中国最后一个皇帝……”一句的主句采用there be句型，说明中国历史上皇帝的数量；再用until对时间范围进行限制；在“1912”后面使用when引导的定语从句，说明该年份的特殊性：最后一个皇帝退位。
4.“皇帝一人掌握……国家和人民的命运”一句偏长，可拆译成两个句子。后半句“决定着国家和人民的命运”翻译时增译主语“皇帝一人”，虽然原文说的是“一个人”，但由于历朝历代都有很多皇帝，因此要处理成复数：they were the only ones，后面再加who引导的定语从句。
5.最后一句中的“他们带给……”译为who引导的定语从句，指代前面的emperors，使译文避免了代词的重复，也使译文的句式更加多样化。

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