六级翻译段落翻译基础训练第25关

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1 近年来,中国硕士研究生招收(recruitment)规模不断扩大，致使本科生报考硕士研究生的人数逐年增加。除了大学毕业生对学术的追求以及社会对高端人才(top-level talent)的需求增加外，就业压力大也是造成考研热(postgraduate craze)的关键因素。基于人才市场竞争日益激烈，工作岗位供不应求，很多大学生毕业后选择继续深造而不是就业。虽然考研热在某种程度上反映了社会需求，但是也给大学生带来了巨大的心理压力。因此，中国高校需向学生提供适当的就业指导。

参考答案：China is expanding its recruitment of postgraduates in recent years. As a result, the number of undergraduates taking graduate school entrance exam is increasing with each passing year. Besides college graduates，academic pursuit and the society's increasing demand for top-level talents, intense employment pressure is the key contributor to postgraduate craze. As the competition in the job market is increasingly fierce and supply of jobs fails short of demand, many college choose to further their study rather than enter the job market after graduation. Although postgraduate craze is to some extent an indication of social needs, it also brings enormous psychological stress to colloge students. Therefore, universities in China should provide students with prefer career guidance.
系统解析：
1.第一句话较长，前后两个短句含因果关系，但叙述的主体各不同，分别为“招收规模”和“报考人数”,故可拆译为两个句子，用短语as a result承接，突出因果关系，即译为China is expanding its recruitment of... As a result, the number of...。
2.第二句话中的“大学毕业生对学术的追求”和“社会对高端人才的需求增加”可处理成名词性短语，跟在Besides 之后，即分别译为 college graduates, academic pursuit 和 the society's increasing demand for top-level talents。
3.第三句“基于人才市场竞争……”中，“人才市场竞争日益激烈，工作岗位供不应求”和“很多大学生毕业后选择……”暗含因果关系，故可用连词as将二者翻译成主从句的形式，即As the competition in the job market...and supply of jobs..., many college students choose to...。
4.“考研热在某种程度上反映了社会需求”这句话中的“反映了”有两种译法，一是译成名词形式an indication of...是翻译成动词reflect。

2 电子商务在近几年迅猛发展，使传统零售业遭受重击。传统零售业的营业收入大幅减少，而电子商务却占领了原属于传统零售业的市场。在过去的一年中，很多品牌关闭了全国的几千个实体店(physical store)。对于很多消费者来说，线上购物已成为他们生活中不可缺少的一部分，因此在实体店消费的时间和金额就下降了。分析家预测，在5年内电子商务将占据中国零售总额的1/5，因而一些传统零售店很可能被逐渐取代。

参考答案：E-commerce has experienced tremendous growth in recent years, giving a heavy blow to the traditional retail industry. The revenue of the traditional retail industry has shrunk substantially, and its market has been occupied by e-commerce. In the past year, companies of a great many brands closed thousands of physical stores nationwide. For many consumers, online shopping has become an indispensable part of their lives; thus they spend less time and money in physical stores. Analysts predict e-commerce will account for a fifth of the total retail sales in China within 5 years, so some traditional retail stores might be replaced gradually.
系统解析：
1.翻译第一句时，可以将前半句“电子商务在近几年迅猛发展”译为一个句子，后半句“使传统零售业遭受重击”用现在分词短语giving a heavy blow to...表达，表结果。
2.在“传统零售业的营业收入大幅减少，而电子商务却占领了原属于传统零售业的市场”中，由于该句有两个主语，可翻译为用and连接的两个并列句。第二个分句可理解为“传统零售业的市场被电商侵占”，采用被动语态，可以更好地跟前句融合，直接用its指代第一个分句出现过的“传统零售业的”，避免重复。
3.“在过去的一年中，很多品牌关闭了全国的几千个实体店”一句可以在“很多品牌”前增译company，更好地跟谓语“关闭”进行搭配。
4.“对于很多消费者来说……就下降了”由两个分句组成，存在因果关系。“在实体店消费的时间和金额就下降了”，在翻译时可增译主语they，将“下降”理解为“花的时间和金额减少了”，翻译为they spend less time and money in physical stores.

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