六级翻译段落翻译基础训练第28关

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1 年糕(Chinese New Year Cake)是中国人的传统食品，距今已有两千年的历史。早期被用来祭奠灶神(the Kitchen God)，其后渐渐成为一种春节特色食品。年糕主要是用糯米粉(glutinous rice flour)制作而成，有黄、白两色，象征金、银。在汉语中，“粘”与“年”同音，而“糕”与“高”同音，所以年糕寓意人们的生活水平一年比一年提高。年糕营养丰富，不但吃起来香甜可口，而且还有健身祛病的作用。中国地域广、各地的风俗习惯不同，因而年糕的种类也多种多样。

参考答案：Chinese New Year Cake is a traditional food for Chinese people with a history of 2,000 years. In early times, it was used as an offering to the Kitchen God and gradually evolved into a kind of food typical in the Spring Festival. Chinese New Year Cake is made of glutinous rice flour, with yellow or white as its color, symbolizing gold and silver. In Chinese, "sticky" is identical in sound to "year" and "cake" to "high", so Chinese New Year Cake also implies that people's standard of living would be improved year by year. Chinese New Year Cake, containing lots of nutrition, not only tastes sweet and delicious but also benefits people health and wards off diseases. China is vast in territory and its customs vary from place to place, thus the types of Chinese New Year Cake are also various.
系统解析：
1.第一句话的主干结构是“年糕是中国人的传统食品”；“距今......的历史”可翻译为with a history of 2,000years放主句后。
2.第二句应增译主语“年糕”，为避免重复，故翻译为it；“被用来”和“渐渐成为”作it的并列谓语，第—个谓语动词要使用被动语态。
3.第三句“年糕主要是…”中，“象征金、银”是对年糕颜色的进一步说明，可处理为现在分词短语symbolizing gold and silver。
4.第四句“在汉语中……”较长，句中“所以”提示，可用连接词so承接前后分句，注意so引导的分句中“人们的生活水平……提高”要使用被动语态。
5.倒数第二句的主语是“年糕”，后跟三个谓语。可将“营养丰富”处理为现在分词短语containing lots of nutrients在句中作状语；“不但……而且……”连接两个并列谓语可套用not only... but also...句式来表达。

2 中国位于亚洲东部、太平洋的西岸，总面积约960万平方公里，是世界第三大国家。中国南北相距约5500公里，东西相距约5200公里，在地围上的形状像一只雄鸡(rooster)。中国地势(terrain)西高东低，地形多种多样，包括山地、高原(plateau)、丘陵(foothill)、盆地、平原。中国山地面积广大，几乎占陆地面积的三分之二，蕴藏着丰寓的矿产资源。中国大陆海岸线长达18000公里，沿海岛屿数量众多，台湾岛是最大岛屿。中国有许多河流湖泊，是中国地理环境的重要组成部分。

参考答案：Situated in eastern Asia, on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, China is the world's third largest country with a total area of 9.6 million square kilometers. Extending about 5,500 kilometers from north to south and 5,200 kilometers from west to east, the shape of China on the map is like a rooster. Its terrain is higher in the west and lower in the east with great varieties, including mountains, plateaus, foothills, basins and plains. China's mountainous areas, broad and vast, occupy nearly two-thirds of the land area and have abundant mineral resources. Mainland China has a coastline of 18,000 kilometers and a large number of offshore islands, with Taiwan Island the biggest one. There are numerous rivers and lakes in China, which make up an important part of China's geographical environment.
系统解析：
1.第一句话中有三个短句，首先将“中国是世界第三大国家”确定为英文句的主干；“位于……译成stituated in...，用过去分词短语作状语，置于句首；“总面积约960万平方公里”可处理为with引导的介宾结构，紧跟在“世界第三大国家(the world's third largest country)”之后。
2.第二句较长，同样先确定“中国的形状像一只雄鸡”为句子主干，再将“中国南北相距约5500公里”和“东西相距约5200公里”处理为现在分词短语作状语，即extending about... from north to south and... from west to east。
3.“地形多种多样”，可采用with引导的介宾短语来表达，译成with great varieties，补充说明句子主语terrain 的特点。
4.第四句“中国山地……”中的“山地面积广大”可处理成插入语broad and vast，而“几乎占陆地面积……” 和“蕴藏着……”则译成句子主干的两个并列谓语occupy nearly... and have abundant...。

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