六级翻译段落翻译基础训练第30关

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1 汉朝建于公元前202年，是中国历史上存在时间最长的朝代之一，分为西汉与东汉两个阶段。汉朝被称为黄金时代，在经济、文化、艺术和科技等各个方面均创造了辉煌的文明。汉朝奠定了汉民族的民族文化，西汉所尊崇的儒家星想(Confucianism)成为中国的主流思想。在西汉时期，商业贸易蓬勃发展，丝绸之路(the Silk Road)的开辟就是一个重要的经济成就。技术进步也是汉朝的重要成就，中国两个伟大发明，造纸和瓷器(porcelain)是在这一时期发展起来的。220年东汉灭亡，汉朝统治结束。

参考答案：Han Dynasty, founded in 202 BC, was one of the longest dynasties in Chinese history. It was divided into two periods: the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty. Considered a golden age, Han Dynasty created a glorious civilization in various aspects, including economy, culture, art as well as science and technology, etc. Han Dynasty laid a foundation for the ethnic culture of the Han Nationality, and Confucianism respected by the Western Han Dynasty became the mainstream ideology of China. Business and trade flourished during the Western Han Dynasty, with the opening of the Silk Road as an important economic achievement. Technological advances were also great achievement in this period. It was during this time that two great Chinese inventions, papermaking and porcelain, were developed. In 220, the Eastern Han Dynasty collapsed and the ruling of Han Dynasty ended.
系统解析：
1.第一句话中有三个短句，为避免译成英文时句子显得冗长，可处理为两个独立的句子。第一个短句“建于公元前202年”译成founded in 202 BC，作插入语。“分为西汉与东汉两个阶段”独立成句，增译主语it，用以指代汉朝。
2.“汉朝被称为黄金时代”译为considered a golden age，用过去分词短语作状语，代替状语从句，这样显得句式简洁而又灵活。
3.第四句“在西汉时期……”由两个短句组成，可将“商业贸易蓬勃发展”作为句子主干，将“丝绸之路的开辟是……”处理成with引导的介宾结构，作伴随状语，即译成with the opening up of the Silk Road as an important economic achievement。
4.“技术进步也是汉朝的重要成就”这一句话较长，可拆译成两个句子。“中国两个伟大发明是在这一时期……”可用强调句It was... that...表达。

2 “土豪”(Tuhao)—词最早可追溯到1500年前的南朝(the Southern Dynasty)时期，其含义随时间的推移而改变。20世纪20至50年代初，它被广泛用于形容那些在中国农村有钱有势的地主。最近，极富创造性的中国网民赋予了这个词新的含义，他们借用该词来形容那些十分有钱却品味差的人。2013年9月上旬以来“土豪”一词在中国社交媒体上出现了1亿多次。在BBC近期一档关于中国热词(influential Chinese words)的栏目播出后，该词引起了《牛津词典》编著团队的关注，明年可能会被收入词典中。

参考答案：The word "Tuhao" dates back as early as the Southern Dynasty 1,500 years ago and its meaning changes over time. From the 1920s to the early 1950s, it was widely used to refer to landholders who were rich and powerful in rural areas of China Recent, the word is endowed with a new meaning by the highly creative Chinese Internet users and is used to describe people who have a lot of money but bad taste. There have been more than 100 million references to the word "Tuhao" on social media in China since early September 2013. After BBC's recent program about the influential Chinese words is broadcast, the word has caught the attention of the editing team of Oxford English Dictionary and may be included in the next year's edition.
系统解析：
1.第二句话中“地主”的修饰语很长，可把“那些在中国农村有钱有势的”处理成who引导的定语从句，跟在“地主”landholders 之后。
2.第三句“极富创造性的中国网民富裕了……”主语为中国网民，但由于该段落的主题是“土豪”，故翻译时将句子处理为被动语态更为妥当，用the word为主语，以突出讲述的主体，使上下文连接更连贯，即译为the word is endowed with a new meaning by... and is used to describe....。其中的“那些十分有钱却缺乏相应品味的人”处理为who引导的定语从句。
3.“2013年9月上旬以来，‘土豪’一词在中国社交媒体上出现了1亿多次”可翻译成there be句型，注意这里时态上宜采用现在完成时there have been,与时间状语since early September相呼应。“出现了1亿多次”实际上是指“土豪”一词在媒体上被大量使用或提及，因此可译成more than 100 million references。
4.文章最后“明年可能会被收入词典中”中的“词典”指前面出现过的“《牛津词典》”可译成may be included in the next year's edition，用edition 来替代 dictionary，避免重复。

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