四级翻译历年真题第20关

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1 春节前夕吃团圆饭是中国人的传统。团圆饭是一年中最重要的晚餐,也是家庭团聚的最佳时机,家人生活在不同地方的家庭尤其如此。团圆饭上的菜肴丰富多样,其中有些菜肴有特殊含义。例如,鱼是不可缺少的一道菜,因为汉语中的“鱼”字和“余”字听上去一样。在中国的许多地方,饺子也是一道重要的佳肴,因为饺子象征着财富和好运。

参考答案：It has been a tradition for the Chinese to have a reunion dinner on the eve of the Spring
Festival. The reunion dinner is the most important dinner of the year and the best moment for
the family reunion, especially for families whose members live in different places. The dishes
for the reunion dinner are richly varied, some of which have special meanings. For example,
fish is always an indispensable to the reunion dinner, because the Chinese characters for“fish”
and“surplus" sound the same. In many places around China, dumplings are also a significant
dish，because they symbolize wealth and good luck.
系统解析：
1.第一句中的“做某事是某人的传统”可译为It is/has been a tradition for sb. to do sth.句型；“春节”可译为the Spring Festival 或Chinese New Year，因此“春节前夕”可译为on the eve of the Spring Festival 或on Chinese New Year's Eve。
2.第二句翻译时既可以像参考译文那样处理为一个整句，也可拆译为两句。拆译时，可将后半句“家人生活在不同地方的家庭尤其如此”译为This is especially true for families whose members live in different places；“最佳时机”可译为the best/ perfect time/ moment。
3.第三句中的“其中有些菜肴”中的“其”指代前半句提到的“团圆饭上的菜肴”，翻译时可将后半句处理为非限制性定语从句，即some of which...；“团圆饭上的菜肴”可译为The dishes for the reunion dinner；“丰富多样”也可译为diverse/rich and varied；“有特殊含义”译为have/bear/imply special meanings。
4.第四句中的“例如”可译为For example或For instance；“不可缺少的”可译为indispensable/necessary/essential；“因为....”也可译为because/for the reason that +从句或because of/on account of+名词；......和.....听上去一样”可译为.... sound(s) like...... 或.... sound(s) the same as......或.... and.....sound the same。
5.第五句需要注意句中的因果逻辑关系。“佳肴”也可译为delicacy；“象征”可译为symbolize/represent。

2 鱼是春节前夕餐桌上不可或缺的一道菜，因为汉语中“鱼”字的发音与“余”字的发音相同。正由于这个象征性的意义，春节期间鱼也作为礼物送给亲戚朋友。鱼的象征意义据说源于中国传统文化。中国人有节省的传统，他们认为节省得愈多，就感到愈为安全。今天，尽管人们愈来愈富裕了，但他们仍然认为节省是一种值得弘扬的美德。

参考答案：Fish is an indi spensable dish on the dinner table on the eve of the Spring Festival, because the pronunciation of the Chinese character for“fish” is the same as that of the character for “surplus". It is due to this symbolic meaning that fish is also selected as a gift to relatives and friends during the Spring Festival. The symbolic meaning of fish is said to be derived from traditional Chinese culture. The Chinese have a tradition of saving, and they believe that the more they save, the more secure they feel. Nowadays, even though Chinese people are leading an increasingly well-off life, they still regard saving as a virtue worth promoting.
系统解析：
1.第一句中的fish作为名词既可以指“鱼”也可以指“鱼肉”，作为一道菜肴时为不可数名词，系动词用is；“....的发音与.....的发音相同”还可译为...sounds like...；“不可或缺的”译为 indispensable/necessary/essential;“一道菜”可译为a dish/delicacy;“余”可译为surplus.
2.第二句中的“正由于这个象征性的意义”可以用“表原因的介词短语+名词短语”来翻译，即for/due to/on account of this symbolic meaning;“作为礼物送给亲戚朋友”可译为be selected/given/chosen as gifts/presents to relatives and friends 。
3.第三句再次出现“象征意义”，可译为symbolic meaning/value;“据说”可译为句式it is said that..或sth. is said to be/do...;“源于”可译为originate from 或be derived from;“中国文化”可译为traditional Chinese culture.
4.第四句中包含三个分句，且第一个分句句意完整，可单独译为一句。“中国人有节省的传统”还可译为It is a tradition for Chinese people to save;“节省得愈多，就感到愈为安全”可译为句式the more the more..;“安全”可译为secure，其比较级为securer或more secure。
5.第五句中的“人们愈来愈富裕”暗指人民生活富足，可译为people are leading an increasingly well-off/wealthy/affluent life;“值得弘扬的美德”可译为a virtue worth promoting 或a virtue worth carrying forward 或a recommendable virtue。

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