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能源是人类赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。在整个人类社会发展的历史中，人类文明的每一次重大进步都伴随着能源的改进和更替。目前，中国已成为世界上最大的能源生产国，形成了煤炭、电力、石油、天然气以及新能源和可再生能源全面发展的能源供应体系。但中国人口众多、资源不足，能源发展面临着诸多挑战，比如石油储备不足，能源消费增长过快。为保证能源的可持续发展，中国政府把节约能源放在优先位置，鼓励开发新能源和可再生能源。
- 参考答案：Energy is an essential material basis for human survival and development. Over the entire history of human society, each significant step in the progress of human civilization has been accompanied by energy innovation and substitution. At present, China has become the world’s largest energy producer and formed the energy supply system, in which coal, electricity, oil, natural gas, as well as the new energy and renewable energy have been fully developed. However, as a country with a large population and insufficient resources, China faces numerous challenges in energy development. For instance, the oil reserves are not sufficient, and the consumption of energy increases too fast. In order to ensure the sustainable energy development, the Chinese government gives priority to energy conservation and encourages the exploitation of new energy and renewable energy.
- 系统解析：1.在第二句中，“伴随”的表达一般用短语be accompanied by；“每一次重大进步”可译作each significant step 或 each tremendous/remarkable/considerable progress。
2. “目前，中国已成为世界上……能源供应体系”这个句子较长，译为用and连接的并列句，前半句描述中国是最大的能源生产国，后半句具体说明能源供应体系。根据汉语“已成为”的提示，英文时态应采用现在完成时；在后半句中，修饰“能源供应体系”的定语较长，可使用也which（=where）引导定语从句对其修饰。
3.翻译“中国人口众多、资源不足，能源发展面临着诸多挑战”时，描述主语“中国”的内容较多，可使用with引导的介宾短语表示主语China具有的特点。
4.最后一句中“为保证能源的……”表明目的，故将其译作目的状语in order to...。
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