参考答案:Jade is a natural mineral with hard texture and various colors. Ancient people believed that jade could prolong life and keep the wearer safe, so the people of China and other Asian countries like wearing jade accessories. Modern medicine proves that the minerals contained in jade are really beneficial to health. Many places in China produce jade, and the most famous is Hetian jade in Xinjiang. In traditional Chinese culture jade is often related with noble quality and jade craft shows the wisdom and creativity of Chinese people. Therefore, medals of Beijing Olympic Games were made by using the craft of jade inlaid to spread Chinese jade culture to the world.
系统解析:
1.第一句中“质地坚硬”和“色彩多样”这类四字格的“名词+形容词”结构,翻译成英文时常常用“with+形容词+名词”的形式表达;或者用“形容词+in+名词”的处理方法,再用定语从句与前面的名词连接起来,比如“质地坚硬”和“色彩多样”也可翻译成“that is hard in texture and various in color”。
2.第三句中“玉所含的矿物质”用the minerals contained in jade表达,将原文的前置定语后置,更符合英文的表达习惯。
3.第四句“中国许多地方都出产玉石,以新疆和田玉最为著名”有两个主语,上半句的主语是“许多地方”,下半句的主语是“新疆和田玉”,这样翻译时必须用and连接的并列句来处理。
4.最后一句中,“奥运会奖牌使用了……工艺”是典型的汉语表达,形式上是主动句,但意义上却表被动,翻译成英文时,要把暗含的被动语态翻译出来;第二个短句“向世界传播玉文化”可用不定式短语to spread...来表达。
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相声(crosstalk)是中国传统的喜剧(comedic)表演形式,开始于明清时期,盛行于当代。一般由两名表演者完成,主要以说笑话或幽默的对话来引观众发笑。相声强调说、学、逗、唱这四项技能。语言一般富于双关和影射(pun and illusion)。相声是中国最受欢迎的表演艺术之一,主要用北京话讲,流行于中国北方。相声以其精湛的内容和独特的艺术形式,成为一种优秀的民族艺术。但进入新世纪以来,相声的影响力逐渐减弱,它的主流地位逐渐被其他的表演形式所取代。
参考答案:Crosstalk is a traditional Chinese comedic performance which started from the Ming and Qing Dynasties and prevails in contemporary age. Commonly played by two performers, it tries to amuse audiences mainly by telling jokes or presenting humorous talks. Crosstalk emphasizes the four basic skills of speaking, imitating, teasing and singing, and the language is usually rich in puns and allusions. As one of the most popular performing arts, crosstalk is typically performed in the Beijng dialect and well received in the north of China. The exquisite content and the peculiar art form make crosstalk an outstanding national art. However, the influence of crosstalk has gradually decreased after stepping into the new century, because of which its dominant role has been replaced by other forms of performance.
系统解析:
1.第一句由三个分句组成,可将“相声是中国传统的喜剧表演形式”视为主句;后面两个分句可采用which引导的定语从句来表达,“开始于”和“盛行于”处理为从句的并列谓语。
2.第二句也由两个分句组成,可将“主要以说笑或幽默的对话来引观众发笑”确定为主句,此部分由于汉语原句中没有体现主语,所以翻译时可增译it,代替“相声”,主干结构为“它引观众发笑”,后接“by+现在分词”结构,说明方式;“一般由两名表演者完成”采用过去分词短语作状语来表达,置于主句之前。
3.“相声是中国……流行于北方”这句由三个分句组成,可将后两个分句合并作为英文的主干crosstalk is performed... and well received...,相声是中国最受欢迎的表演艺术之一”可翻译为“as +名词短语”结构, 说明相声的地位。
4.“相声以其精湛的……民族艺术”,翻译时可将“精湛的内容”和“独特的艺术形式”作为主语,谓语可理解为 “使其成为”。
5.最后一句中可将“相声的影响力逐渐减弱”确定为主句;“相声的主流地位逐渐被其他的表演形式所取代”可理解为前句“相声影响力减弱”的结果,用because of which引导定语从句。