六级翻译段落翻译冲刺训练第17关

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1 科举制度(the imperial examination)是中国帝制时期(imperial China)选拔官员的制度，具有1300多年的历史。它将阅读、考试和选拔政府官员三者紧密结合起来，是一种公平和公开的人才选举方法，是中国选举史上的一大突破。它为中国发现、培养了大量人才，对知识的普及起到了相当大的推动作用，同时也增强了阅读气氛。然而，科举制度也有缺陷，其考试内容局限于儒家(Confucius)经典，文章的结构和字数都要符合“八股文”(the eight-part essay)的要求。因此，这极大地限制了人的眼界、创造力以及独立思考的能力。

参考答案：The imperial examination, with a history of over 1,300 years, was a system of selecting administrative officials in imperial China. It integrated reading and examination with the selection of government officials. It was a fair and open approach to select talents, which was a breakthrough in China's election history. The system identified and trained a large number of talents for China. It considerably promoted the popularity of knowledge while at the same time enhanced reading atmosphere. However, there were also drawbacks. What was examined was confined to Confucius classics. Structure and the number of words in the essay should be in accordance with the requirement of "the eight-part essay". Therefore, it greatly restricted people's outlooks, creativity and independent thinking abilities.
系统解析：
1.第一句中，可将“科举制度是中国帝制时期选拔官员的制度”视为句子的主干；“选拔官员的”是一种目的，可使用不定式短语to select...作后置定语，置于“制度”system之后。“具有1300多年的历史”可处理成with 引导的介宾短语with a history of...，作插入语，用逗号与主语The imperial examination隔开。
2.第二句中，“它将阅读、考试和选拔政府官员三者紧密结合起来”可理解为“把考试和阅读融入到选拔政府官员的过程中”，故可译为integrate/combine... with...，该短句宜独立成句。而“是一种……选举方法”和“是……一大突破”则可处理成主、从句的形式，后者译为which引导的非限制性定语从句，置于主句之后。
3.第三句“它为中国发现……阅读气氛”讲述了科举制度的三大积极作用。第一个作用“它为中国发现、培养了大量人才”可独立成句，第二、第三个作用讲述的内容联系较为紧密，可合并为一个句子，用while将二者连接起来。
4.翻译“考试内容局限于儒家经典”时，可将“考试内容”直译为the content of examination，也可采用what引导的主语从句What was examined。

2 拙政园(the Humble Administrator's Garden)是中国著名的四大园林之一。它位于苏州城北，是江南园林的典型代表，也是面积最大的古典山水园林，被誉为“中国园林之母”。拙政园始建于明朝，曾是第一位主人王献臣的私人宅园，后来又卖给了不同的人。中国历史许多著名人物都与这座园子有着密切的联系，如李秀成、李鸿章等。1997年，拙政园被列为世界文化遗产。近年来，拙政园正式对外开放，并推出了具有传统文化特色的旅游活动，受到了广大中外游人的喜爱和称赞。

参考答案：The Humble Administrator's Garden is one of the four most famous gardens in China. Located in the north of Suzhou, the Humble Administrator's Garden is a typical representation of the southern gardens and the largest classical landscape garden, which is regarded as "the mother of Chinese gardens". It was built in Ming Dynasty and used to be a private garden of Wang Xianchen, its first owner. Later on, it was sold to different people. Many celebrities in Chinese history were closely related to the garden, such as Li Xiucheng, Li Hongzhang. In 1997, the Humble Administrator's Garden was listed as the World Cultural Heritage site. In recent years, it is officially open to the public and has launched a series of tourism activities featuring traditional culture, which wins the appreciation and praise from innumerous tourists home and abroad.
系统解析：
1.第二句的主语是“它”，后面跟着四个谓语动词“位于……”、“是……”、“也是……”、“被誉为……”。为使句子紧凑，可用and把“是江南园林的典型代表”和“也是面积最大的古典山水园林”连接起来，作为句子主干；将“位于苏州城北”译为过去分词短语located in the north of Suzhou，作状语置于句首；而“被誉为……” 则处理成which引导的非限制性定语从句。
2.第三句“拙政园始建于:…卖给了不同的人”含有三个谓语动词“始建于”、“曾是”、“卖给了”时，翻译时可适当拆分成两个句子。这里主语宜采用it，指代拙政园，从而避免文中重复出现the Humble Administrator's Garden。
3.第四句“中国历史上许多著名人物……李鸿章等”的谓语“与……有联系”可使用be related to结构翻译，与上一句的被动语态“卖给了”was sold to...形成统一的句式。
4.最后一句话中，可将“正式对外开放”和“推出了……”合并为并列谓语，作为句子主干；而“受到了广大中外游人的喜爱和称赞”则处理成which引导的非限制性定语从句，对主句作进一步的说明，这样句式也显得多样化。

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