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中国是全球水资源最为匮乏的国家之一。拥有全球20%的人口，但淡水资源仅占全球的7%。中国淡水年消耗量达6000亿立方米，即每人400立方米——为美国人均使用量的1/4，不到国际定义的用水紧张量(water stress)的一半。淡水短缺对中国水资源密集型产业(water-intensive industry)的发展造成威胁。随着中国经济的快速增长，这一问题已变得更为明显。不仅耗水量大的工业，甚至一些城市里与日常生活息息相关的行业例如洗车业、公共洗浴场所和水疗中心(SPA center)都将受到用水限制。
- 参考答案：China is one of the most water-poor countries in the world, with 20% of the world's population but only 7% of its fresh water. The country consumes 600 billion cubic meters of water a year, or about 400 cubic meters a person-one quarter of what the average American uses and less than half the international definition of water stress. Fresh water shortages pose a threat to the development of water-intensive industry in China. Along with the rapid growth of Chinese economy, the problem has become more apparent. Water supplies will be restricted not only in water-intensive industries, but even in businesses closely related with people's daily life, such as car washing, public baths and SPA center, in certain cities.
- 系统解析：1.第一、二句的逻辑主语都是“中国”，两句意义联系也较为紧密，可以合译。将第一句处理为英文句子的主干部分，第二句则处理为with引导的介词短语，作状语，表伴随情况。
2.“中国淡水年消耗量”可直译为the annual consumption of water is...，或者可将“年消耗量”转译为动词，译成The country consumes... a year。破折号后面的部分起强调作用，英译时仍保留破折号，作同位语，解释“400立方米”意味着什么。
3.第四句中的“对……造成威胁”可简单译作threaten，或用短语pose a threat to...来表示。注意本句中的主语shortage需要使用复数形式。
4.句末的主干为“不仅……工业，甚至……都将受到用水限制”，其中主语较长，如果按汉语的语序译成Not only the... industry and even the... industry such as... will see their water supplies limited，就会造成句子“头重脚轻”，不符合英文的表达习惯。故可将句子语序处理为“水供应会在……方面受到限制”，将原来的主语处理为状语，置于句末，即译成Water supplies will be restricted in...。本句中的“耗水量大的工业”与上文提到的“水资源密集型产业”同义，故也可译为water-intensive industries。
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