四级翻译冲刺训练第7关

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1 阿房宫(Epang Palace)是秦始皇(the First Emperor of the Qin)击败六国后兴建的新宫殿。据历史记载，阿房宫是一座宏伟辉煌的建筑。根据司马迁的描述，阿房宫建于公元前212年，长693米，宽116.5米。据说在秦朝末年(the last years of the Qin Dynasty)，项羽烧毁了阿房宫。因此，我们今天所能看到的只是它的遗址。阿房宫遗址现位于陕西西安。然而，有专家认为阿房宫并未修建完成，而项羽烧毁的是另一座宫殿。

参考答案：The Epang Palace was a new palace built by the First Emperor of the Qin after he defeated the other six countries. According to the historical record, the Epang Palace was a grand and glorious building. As described by Sima Qian, the Place was built in 212 BC with 693 meters long and 116.5 meters wide. It is said that in the last years of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu had burnt down the Epang Place. So, what we can see today is its ruins, which is now in Xi'an, Shanxi Province. However, some experts hold that the Epang Palace had not been totally completed, and what Xiang Yu had burnt down was another palace.
系统解析：
1.第1句中的定语“秦始皇……兴建的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，可用that引导的从句that the First Emperor of the Qin built...来译，但不如用过去分词短语built by the First Emperor of the 来得更为紧凑、更为地道。
2.第2句中的“据历史记载”可用according to the historical record来表达，也可以用according to the written history，此类短语翻译时一般置于句首。
3.第3句中的“阿房宫建于公元前212年，长693米，宽116.5米”如果按原文结构翻译(the Epang Palace was built..., it is...long and... wide)，译文结构则显松散，故宜将“长693米，宽116.5米”处理成状语，用介词短语 with 693 meters long and 116.5 meters wide 来表达。
4.第5句中的主语“我们今天所能看到的”较长，故将其处理成由what引导的主语从句，译作what we can see today。第6句“阿房宫遗址现位于陕西西安”的主语“阿房宫遗址”与前一句的宾语一致，故将其与前一句“合译”，用which引导的非限制性定语从句来表达。

2 京剧脸谱(the facial makeup of Beijing Opera)是具有民族特色的一种独特的化妆方法。它最大的特点在于借助不同的色彩来展示人物的性格。脸谱的颜色使观众对人物的善恶美丑一目了然。通常红色代表忠诚；黑色象征正直；紫色意味公正；黄色喻示残暴(brutality)。此外，脸谱还常常带有图案(design)来表述某个故事，比如后羿脸谱上有九个太阳，表明他曾经用箭射掉了九个太阳。

参考答案：The facial makeup of Beijing Opera is a unique makeup method with Chinese national characteristics. It has the best feature of showing the characters with various colorful facial paintings. The audience knows the good or evil character of a role directly based on the color of the face. Usually, red represents loyalty; black integrity; purple justice, and yellow brutality. In addition, the facial makeup often comes with designs to tell some story. For instance, Hou Yi has nine suns painted on his face, indicating that he has ever shot nine suns from the sky.
系统解析：
1.第2句中的“最大的特点在于......”可直译为Its most distinguishing feature is...，也可用 have the best feature of...的形式表示“其拥有的最大特点是……”，of后接特点的具体内容。
2.第3句如果逐字对译为the colors of the facial makeup make the audience know directly about the good or evil character则略显生硬绕口，不如把句子结构转换为“观众对……一目了然”，译为the audience knows... directly...。把“脸谱的颜色”处理成状语，用过去分词短语based on引出，可使句子读起来更流畅。“善恶美丑”中的“善”即是“美”，“恶”即是“丑”，属于汉语行文中的双重表达习惯，翻译时仅表达单层意思good or evil即可。
3.第4句用了四个并列的结构，且四个动词“代表”、“象征”、“意味”、“喻示”意义相同，故翻译时可只翻译第1个动词为represent，后面1个则承前省略，使句子结构更为紧凑简洁。
4.最后一句中的“脸谱还常常带有图案”如果直译为the facial makeup has designs则表达不清，根据“带有”一词可考虑用表伴随的短语come with来表达，使句义更简洁明了。“来表述某个故事”表目的，故将其译作to tell some story，“表明……”可用现在分词短语indicating...，表伴随动作。

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