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  Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
  If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong.Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent them.Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers.You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one.Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun.Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.
  There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer.A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed.A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats,long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection.This study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial.The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely reliable.But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.
  Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long.It is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.
The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign.So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.
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56.What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?
A.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.
B.It will protect them from sunburn.
C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.
D.It will work for people of any skin color.
本题答案:
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案:B
  • 系统解析:
    B)推理判断题。文章开篇即指出,如果你认为高指数的防晒霜能够使你免遭有害射线的辐射,那你可能就错了。由此可见,对于防晒霜能够保护皮肤不受伤害的这种误解是非常普遍的,因此,人们对于高指数防晒霜的普遍预期是它将保护人们不被太阳晒伤.故答案为B)。
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57.What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?
A.It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.
B.It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.
C.It is ineffective with long-term exposure.
D.It is ineffective for people with fair skin.
本题答案:
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案:A
  • 系统解析:
    A)事实细节题。文章首段第二句提到,本周《自然》杂志的一项研究表明,尽管防晒指数为50的防晒霜能够减少黑瘤的数量,并延缓其出现,但却并不能阻止其发生。由此可见,此项研究表明高指数的防晒霜并不能有效阻止黑瘤的发生,故答案为A)。
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58.What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?
A.Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.
B.High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.
C.Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.
D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.
本题答案:
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案:D
  • 系统解析:
    D)推理判断题。文章第二段首句指出,对于防晒霜减少黑瘤的有效性一直存在争议,第二句则举例说明,提到2011年澳大利亚一项涉及1,621人的研究发现,随机抽取的每天使用防晒霜的人群患黑瘤的几率是需要时才使用面霜的人群的一半。由此可知,根据此项研究,每天使用防晒霜的确能够降低患黑瘤的几率,即坚持使用防晒霜是有一定效果的,故答案为D)。
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59.What does the author say about the second Australian study?
A.It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.
B.It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.
C.It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.
D.It confirms the results of the first Australian study.
本题答案:
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案:C
  • 系统解析:
    C)推理判断题。该段第三、四句承接上文,介绍了澳大利亚的第二项相关研究,第五句则是作者对研究过程与结果的主观评论,指出,由于此研究基于人们对他们一生中每个十年所采取防晒措施的回忆,因此并不完全可靠。由此可见,此研究并不是基于对被研究对象的直接观察,故答案为C)。
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60.What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?
A.Using both covering up and sunscreen.
B.Staying in the shade whenever possible.
C.Using covering up instead of sunscreen.
D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.
本题答案:
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案:A
  • 系统解析:
    A)推理判断题。文章第四段第一句提到,正如澳大利亚人“套上一涂上一扣上”运动的数据所显示的,综合使用防晒霜和皮肤遮盖措施能够降低黑瘤发病率,第二句据此提出作者自己的观点和建议:如果今年夏天有热浪,我们也最好套上T恤,抹上防晒霜,并且扣上帽子。也就是说,作者建议我们同时使用防晒霜和衣服、帽子等其他防护措施,故答案为A)。
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