首页在线考试章节闯关谁正在考试学习应用
您的位置:在线考试首页>章节闯关>英语四级>仔细阅读>历年真题> 第12关
  • 00:00:00
已做0项(正确0项,错误做0项)/共10项,剩余10项未作答
结束作答
阅读理解
收藏纠错
As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.
Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it's necessary to translate our morals into AI language.
For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn't want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. "You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values," said Russell.
Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn't think that's the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.
It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.
Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.
The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they've produced a system that will break some kind of taboo (禁忌).
One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.
If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave,, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps (嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren't quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.
The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe is moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.
1
What does the author say about the threat of robots?
A.It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.
B.It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.
C.It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.
D.It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.
本题答案:
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案:C
  • 系统解析:
    题目询问作者关于机器人造成的威胁的看法。第 1 段提出话题——机器人可能成为威胁(become a threat);接着第 2 句引用 Stuart Russell 教授的观点。说明这个威胁是可以避免的(can be avoided),条件是弄明白如何将人类的价值观转化成可编入计算机的代码(turn human values into a programmable code),文中的 programmable code 实际就是指人工智能机器人能识别的语言(即第 2 段提到 AI language)。C 项“如果将人类价值观转化成机器人的语言,危险就可以避免”为答案,该选项将原文的主动句转化为被动句,translate into 是对原文 turn... into... 的同义替换。
2
What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?
A.They are aggressive.
B.They are outgoing.
C.They are ignorant.
D.They are ill-bred.
本题答案:
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案:D
  • 系统解析:
    题目询问我们如何看待入侵我们私人空间的人。第 4 段最后一句提到,如果有人在你谈话时靠近你,进入你的个人空间,你会认为有教养的人(a properly brought-up person)是不会这样做的。可见,在作者看来,入侵他人私人空间的人是没有教养的,因此选 D 项。注意这一解题关键句中出现否定转移的现象,即否定形式在主句 you wouldn't think,实际上否定的是从句 that's the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do。
3
How do robots learn human values?
A.By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.
B.By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.
C.By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.
D.By imitating the behavior of properly brought-up human beings.
本题答案:
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案:C
  • 系统解析:
    题目询问机器人如何学习人类价值观。第 6 段开头提到,机器人可以从人类行为的数据库中学习 (from... data on human behavior),获取行为模式(drawing patterns),从而学到人类的价值观,C 项出现几个与原文同义的关键词,其中 picking up 与原文 drawing 同义,massive 则与 large sets 同义,故 C 项为答案。
4
What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?
A.Keep a distance from possible dangers.
B.Stop to seek advice from a human being.
C.Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.
D.Do sufficient testing before taking action,
本题答案:
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案:B
  • 系统解析:
    题目询问一个编程良好的机器人在面对异常状况时会怎么做。倒数第 3 段提到,在异常情况下,机器人会跟人类确认正确的行为是什么(check the correct course of action with a human)。而且在倒数第 2 段提到具体的例子,机器人会暂停,发出嘟嘟声,并向人类寻求指导(ask for directions),故 B 项“停下来向人类寻求建议”正确。
5
What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?
A.Determine what is moral and ethical.
B.Design some large-scale experiments.
C.Set rules for man-machine interaction.
D.Develop a more sophisticated program.
本题答案:
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案:A
  • 系统解析:
    题目询问把人类价值观编进计算机的最大难点是什么。最后一段首句 will be 后的内容即为本题答案。文中提到的是确定什么是我们公认的道德(what we believe is moral),以及如何创造出一套道德行为准则(a set of ethical rules)。A 项“确定什么是合乎道德和伦理的”是该句的同义表达,故为答案。
我的笔记
提交纠错
请输入您发现的错误详情用户: