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Urbanization—migration away from the suburbs to the city center—will be the biggest real estate trend in 2015. according to a new report.
The report says America's urbanization will continue to be the most significant issue affecting the industry, as cities across the country imitate the walkability and transit-oriented development making cities like New York and San Francisco so successful.
As smaller cities copy the model of these "24-hour cities," more affordable versions of these places will be created. The report refers to this as the coming of the "18-hour city," and uses the term to refer to cities like Houston, Austin, Charlotte, and Nashville, which are "positioning themselves as highly competitive, in terms of livability, employment offerings, and recreational and cultural facilities."
Another trend that looks significant in 2015 is that America's largest population group, Millennials (千禧一代), will continue to put off buying a house. Apartments will retain their appeal for a while for Millennials, haunted by what happened to home-owning parents.
This trend will continue into the 2020s, the report projects. After that, survey respondents disagree over whether this generation will follow in their parents' footsteps, moving to the suburbs to raise families, or will choose to remain in the city center.
Another issue affecting real estate in the coming year will be America's failing infrastructure. Most roads, bridges, transit, water systems, the electric grid, and communications networks were installed 50 to 100 years ago, and they are largely taken for granted until they fail.
The report's writers state that America's failure to invest in infrastructure impacts not only the health of the real-estate market, but also our ability to remain globally competitive.
Apart from the specific trends highlighted above, which cause some investors to worry, the report portrays an overall optimism borne by the recent healthy real-estate "upcycle" and improving economy. Seventy-four percent of the respondents surveyed report a "good to excellent" expectation of real-estate profitability in 2015. While excessive optimism can promote bad investment patterns, resulting in a real- estate "bubble," the report's writers downplay that potential outcome in that it has not yet occurred.
1
According to the new report,real estate development in 2015 will witness ______ .
A.
an accelerating speed
B.
a shift to city centers
C.
a new focus on small cities
D.
an ever-increasing demand
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
推理判断题。文章开篇第一句指出,根据新的报告,都市化,即由郊区迁往城市中心,将会成为2015年房地产领域最大的趋势。由此可见, 根据新的报告,2015年房地产行业的发展将见证人们向城市中心迁移的动态,故答案为B。
2
What characterizes "24-hour cities" like New York?
A.
People can live without private cars.
B.
People are generally more competitive.
C.
People can enjoy services around the clock.
D.
People are in harmony with the environment.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
由题干中的“24 hour cities” like New York定位到第二段及第三段首句。推理判断题。第三段首句出现了“24-hour cities”,而第二段具体说明了“24小时城市”的情况。第二段提到,令纽约如此成功的因素是可步行和公交优先发展的模式。由此可知,像纽约这样的“24小时城市”的特点是公共交通非常便利,没有私家车也可以很好地生活。故答案为A。
3
Why are Millennials reluctant to buy a house?
A.
They can only afford small apartments.
B.
The house prices are currently too high.
C.
Their parents' bad experience still haunts them.
D.
They feel attached to the suburban environment.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
由题干中的Millennials reluctant to buy a house定位到第四段第二句。推理判断题。定位句指出,被拥有房子的父母的经历所困扰,租住公寓在一段时间内还是他们的首选,由此可见,父辈们买房的经历并不如意,这提醒着千禧一代,使他们不敢贸然做出购房的决定。故答案为C。
4
What might hinder real estate development in the U.S. ?
A.
The continuing economic recession in the country.
B.
The lack of confidence on the part of investors.
C.
The fierce global competition.
D.
The worsening infrastructure.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
由题干中的hinder和real estate development in the U.S定位到第六段第一句和第七段。推理判断题。定位部分提到,美国基础设施年久失修,对基础设施投资的不足,不仅仅会影响房地产市场的健康发展,还会影响其继续保持国际竞争力。由此可见,影响美国房地产行业发展的因素之一就是年久失修的基础设施,故答案为D。
5
How do most of the respondents in the survey feel about the U.S. real-estate market in 2015?
A.
Pessimistic.
B.
Hopeful.
C.
Cautious.
D.
Uncertain.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
由题干中的most of the respondents和 U.S. real-estate market in 2015定位到最后一段第二句。推理判断题。文中提到,74%的受访者对2015年房地产行业的盈利状况抱有“好到很好”的预期。由此可见,人们对于2015年美国房地产的发展还是充满希望的,大多数受访者认为其盈利的空间很大。故答案为B。
The brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime's knowledge. But is there a point where it reaches capacity?
The answer is no, because brains are more sophisticated than that. Instead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form.
Previous behavioural studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. But in a new study, researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain.
In daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that you lost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personal identification number (PIN). Each time you remember the new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. This process improves access to relevant information, without old memories interfering.
And most of us may sometimes feel the frustration of having old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. Consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. This type of memory (where you are trying to remember new, but similar information) is particularly vulnerable to interference.
When we acquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporate(合并)it within existing information by forming associations. And when we retrieve(检索)information, both the desired and associated but irrelevant information is recalled.
The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.
A very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life. While it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome.
In a sense, forgetting is our brain's way of sorting memories, so the most relevant memories are ready for retrieval. Normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn't become too full.
6
What have past behavioural studies found about our brain?
A.
Its capacity actually knows no limits.
B.
It grows sophisticated with practice.
C.
It keeps our most precious memories until life's end.
D.
New information learned pushes old information out.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
由题干中的past behavioural studies定位到第三段第一句。推理判断题。定位句指出,先前的行为学研究已经表明,学习新的知识可以导致大脑忘记。而第二段第二句便指出,信息并不仅是挤进大脑,旧的信息有时候会被所形成的新记忆挤出大脑。简而言之,以前的行为学研究发现学习新信息会导致大脑遗忘旧的信息,故答案为D。
7
What is the benefit of forgetting?
A.
It frees us from painful memories.
B.
It helps slow down our aging process.
C.
It facilitates our access to relevant information.
D.
It prevents old information from forming associations.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
由题干中的the benefit of forgetting定位到第四段首句。推理判断题。定位句指出,在日常生活中,遗忘实际上有着明显的好处。作者接下来通过举例,在末句指出,这个过程会帮助人们获取相关信息,在没有旧记忆的干扰下。换句话说,大脑有选择地遗忘,是为了更专注地接触一些新的信息。故答案为。
8
What is the emphasis of current studies of memory?
A.
When people tend to forget.
B.
What contributes to forgetting.
C.
How new technology hinders memory capacity.
D.
Why learning and forgetting are complementary.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
由题干中的current studies定位到第七段第二句。推理判断题。定位句指出,目前的研究开始更多地关注我们在什么情况下会遗忘,因为其重要性开始受到人们越来越多的认可。由此可见,越来越多的新研究更为注重什么情况促使大脑选择忘记。故答案为B。
9
What do people find about their rare ability to remember every detail of their life?
A.
It adds to the burden of their memory.
B.
It makes their life more complicated.
C.
It contributes to their success in life.
D.
It constitutes a rare object of envy.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
由题干中的rare ability,every detail of their life定位到第八段。推理判断题。第八段第一句提到,有一小部分人能够记住几乎一生中所有的细节。第二句进一步指出具有这种特殊能力的人们的看法:拥有这种罕见的能力是一种负担。由此可见,能够记起生命中的每一个细节的人并不会因此感到高兴,因为这会让他们的生活更加复杂。故答案为B。这些天才的记忆能力非常强大,记东西对他们而言构不成负担,故排除A。
10
What docs the passage say about forgetting?
A.
It can enlarge our brain capacity.
B.
It helps get rid of negative memories.
C.
It is a way of organising our memories.
D.
It should not cause any alarm in any way.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
由题干中的forgetting定位到文章最后一段。推理判断题。最后一段第一句提到,遗忘是我们大脑整理记忆的方式,所以最相关的记忆可以被找回。第二句进一步指出,正常的忘记甚至是一种可以确保避免大脑过度饱和的安全机制。由此可见,遗忘是人类大脑整理记忆的一种方式。故答案为C。
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