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Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people's mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green space had a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided a short-term boost. Co-author Mathew White, from the University of Exeter, UK, explained that the study showed people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety. "There could be a number of reasons," he said, "for example, people do many things to make themselves happier: they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married. But the trouble with those things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baseline levels of well-being. So, these things are not sustainable; they don't make us happy in the long term. We found that for some lottery (彩票) winners who had won more than ￡500,000 the positive effect was definitely there, but after six months to a year, they were back to the baseline."
Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting positive effect on people's sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time. To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Survey compiled by the University of Essex.
Explaining what the data revealed, he said: "What you see is that even after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many other things that we think will make us happy." He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and communicated better.
With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and a positive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said, "There's growing interest among public policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces."
1
According to one study, what do green spaces do to people?
A.
Improve their work efficiency.
B.
Add to their sustained happiness.
C.
Help them build a positive attitude towards life.
D.
Lessen their concerns about material well-being.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
由题干中的one study和题文同序原则定位到首段第一句。细节辨认题。定位句指出，一项研究表明，居住在有绿色空间的城市地区会对人们的心理健康产生长期的积极影响。由此可见，绿色空间会持续增加人们的幸福感，故答案为B。
2
What does Dr. White say people usually do to make themselves happier?
A.
Earn more money.
B.
Settle in an urban area.
C.
Gain fame and popularity.
D.
Live in a green environment.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干中的Dr. White、usually和make themselves happier定位到首段第四句。细节辨认题。定位句提到，怀特博士说人们为了让自己更快乐会做很多事情，如他们会争取晋升或加薪，或者他们会结婚。由此可见，人们为了让自己更快乐，通常的做法是去赚更多的钱，故答案为A。
3
What does Dr. White try to find out about living in a greener urban area?
A.
How it affects different people.
B.
How strong its positive effect is.
C.
How long its positive effect lasts.
D.
How it benefits people physically.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
由题干中的Dr. White、find out和living in a greener urban area 定位到第二段第一句。推理判断题。定位句指出，怀特博士说，他的研究小组想知道居住在绿色植被更多的城市地区是否会对人们的幸福感产生持久的积极影响， 或者这种积极影响是否在一段时间后也会消失。由此可知，怀特博士想发现居住在绿色植被更多的城市地区对人们有多长时间的积极影响，故答案为C。
4
What did Dr. White's research reveal about people living in a green environment?
A.
Their stress was more apparent than real.
B.
Their decisions required less deliberation.
C.
Their memories were greatly strengthened.
D.
Their communication with others improved.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
由题干中的Dr. White's research和 reveal定位到第三段。细节辨认题。定位段第二句提到，他发现，居住在绿色空间的人们压力更小，而压力更小的人会作出更明智的决定，与人交流也会更顺畅。由此可见，生活在绿色环境中，人们的沟通技能也提高了，故答案为D。
5
According to Dr. White, what should the government do to build more green spaces in cities?
A.
Find financial support.
B.
Improve urban planning.
C.
Involve local residents in the effort.
D.
Raise public awareness of the issue.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干中的government和build定位到第四段。推理判断题。定位段最后一句提到，在政策层面上，我们真正需要的是决定从哪里获得资金，以帮助建造髙质量的当地绿色空间。由此可知，政府应找到资金来支持绿色空间的构建，故答案为A。
You probably know about the Titanic, but it was actually just one of three state-of-the-art (先进的) ocean ships back in the day. The Olympic class ships were built by the Harland & Wolff ship makers in Northern Ireland for the White Star Line company. The Olympic class included the Olympic, the Britannic and the Titanic. What you may not know is that the Titanic wasn't even the flagship of this class. All in all, the Olympic class ships were marvels of sea engineering, but they seemed cursed to suffer disastrous fates.
The Olympic launched first in 1910, followed by the Titanic in 1911, and lastly the Britannic in 1914. The ships had nine decks, and White Star Line decided to focus on making them the most luxurious ships on the water.
Stretching 269.13 meters, the Olympic class ships were wonders of naval technology, and everyone thought that they would continue to be so for quite some time. However, all suffered terrible accidents on the open seas. The Olympic got wrecked before the Titanic did, but it was the only one to survive and maintain a successful career of 24 years. The Titanic was the first to sink after famously hitting a huge iceberg in 1912. Following this disaster, the Britannic hit a naval mine in 1916 and subsequently sank as well.
Each ship was coal-powered by several boilers constantly kept running by exhausted crews below deck. Most recognizable of the ship designs are the ship's smoke stacks, but the fourth stack was actually just artistic in nature and served no functional purpose. While two of these ships sank, they were all designed with double hulls (船体) believed to make them "unsinkable", perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanic's and the Britannic's tragic end.
The Olympic suffered two crashes with other ships and went on to serve as a hospital ship and troop transport in World War I. Eventually, she was taken out of service in 1935, ending the era of the luxurious Olympic class ocean liners.
6
What does the passage say about the three Olympic class ships?
A.
They performed marvellously on the sea.
B.
They could all break the ice in their way.
C.
They all experienced terrible misfortunes.
D.
They were models of modern engineering.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
由题干中的 the three Olympic class ships定位到第一段最后一句。细节辨认题。定位句指出，总而言之，奥林匹克级邮轮是海上工程的奇迹，但似乎注定要遭受灾难性的命运。由此可知，三艘奥林匹克级邮轮都遭受了严重的灾难，故答案为C。
7
What did White Star Line have in mind when it purchased the three ships?
A.
Their capacity of sailing across all waters.
B.
The utmost comfort passengers could enjoy.
C.
Their ability to survive disasters of any kind.
D.
The long voyages they were able to undertake.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
由题干中的White Star Line和have in mind定位到第二段第二句。推理判断题。定位句指出，白星航运公司决定把重点放在把它们打造成水上最豪华的船只上。由此可知，白星航运公司在购买这三艘邮轮时，想让顾客体验到最舒适的感觉。因此，答案为B。
8
What is said about the fourth stack of the ships?
A.
It was a mere piece of decoration.
B.
It was the work of a famous artist.
C.
It was designed to let out extra smoke.
D.
It was easily identifiable from afar.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干中的the fourth stack of the ships 定位到第四段第二句。推理判断题。定位句提到，最容易辨认的船型设计是船上的烟囱，但实际上第四个烟囱只具有欣赏价值，没有任何实际功能。由此可知，第四个烟囱只是一个装饰品，故答案为A。
9
What might have led to the tragic end of the Titanic and the Britannic?
A.
Their unscientific designs.
B.
Their captains' misjudgment.
C.
The assumption that they were built with the latest technology.
D.
The belief that they could never sink with a double-layer body.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
由题干中的the tragic end of the Titanic and the Britannic和题文同序原则定位到第四段第三句。推理判断题。定位句指出，这两艘船都是双船体设计，据说这种设计可令船只“永不沉没”， 也许正是这个错误的想法导致了泰坦尼克号和不列颠号的悲剧结局。由此可知，泰坦尼克号和不列颠号的悲剧有可能是由“双船体设计”可以令船只永不沉没的想法导致的，故答案为D。
10
What happened to the ship Olympic in the end?
A.
She was used to carry troops.
B.
She was sunk in World War I.
C.
She was converted into a hospital ship.
D.
She was retired after her naval service.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
由题干中的the ship Olympic和in the end定位到最后一段最后一句。细节辨认题。定位句提到，奥林匹克号最终于1935年退役，结束了豪华的奥林匹克级远洋客轮时代。由此可知，奥林匹克号在海军服役后， 于1935年退役了。因此，答案为D。
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