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The latest in cat research reveals that the lovely animal seems to have a basic grasp on both the laws of physics and the ins and outs of cause and effect.
According to a newly published study, cats seem to be able to predict the location of hiding prey（猎物）using both their ears and an inborn（天生的）understanding of how the physical world works.
In a recent experiment, Japanese researchers taped 30 domestic cats reacting to a container that a team member shook. Some containers rattled（发出响声）；others did not. When the container was tipped over, sometimes an object fell out and sometimes it didn’t.
It turns out that the cats were remarkably smart about what would happen when a container was tipped over. When an object did not drop out of the bottom of a rattling container, they looked at it for a longer time than they did when the container behaved as expected.
“Cats use a causal-logical understanding of noise or sounds to predict the appearance of invisible objects,” lead researcher Saho Takagi says in a press release. The researchers conclude that cats’ hunting style may have developed based on their common-sense abilities to infer where prey is, using their hearing.
Scientists have explored this idea with other endearing creatures: babies. Like cats, babies appear to engage in what’s called “preferential looking”—looking longer at things that are interesting or unusual than things they perceive as normal.
When babies’ expectations are violated in experiments like the ones performed with the cats, they react much like their animal friends. Psychologists have shown that babies apparently expect their world to comply with the laws of physics and cause and effect as early as two months of age.
Does the study mean that cats will soon grasp the ins and outs of cause and effect? Maybe. Okay, so cats may not be the next physics faculty members at America’s most important research universities. But by demonstrating their common sense, they’ve shown that the divide between cats and humans may not be that great after all.
1
What do we learn from a newly published study about cats?
A.They can be trained to understand the physical world.
B.They know what kind of prey might be easier to hunt.
C.They have a natural ability to locate animals they hunt.
D.They are capable of telling which way their prey flees.
本题答案：
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案：C
  • 系统解析：
    由题干中的 a newly published study about cats 定位到第二段：According to a newly published study, cats seem to be able to predict the location of hiding prey （猎物）using both their eara and an inborn （天生的）understanding of how the physical world works.

    事实细节题。定位句指出，根据一项最新发布的研究，猫似乎能够通过自己的耳朵以及一种天生的对于物理世界如何运转的理解力来预测隐藏猎物的位置。这里提及的和 C 选项中的 animals they hunt 为同义转述，而 an inborn understanding 和 C 选项中的 a natural ability 也是同义转述，故答案为 C。
2
What may account for the cats’ response to the noise from the containers?
A.Their inborn sensitivity to noise.
B.Their unusual sense of direction.
C.Their special ability to perceive.
D.Their mastery of cause and effect.
本题答案：
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案：D
  • 系统解析：
    由题干中的 account for 和 cats' response to the noise 定位到第五段首句：" Cats use a causal-logical understanding of noise or sounds to predict the appearance of invisible objects, " lead researcher Saho Takagi says in a press release.

    推理判断题。第五段主要围绕实验结论阐述原因。定位句指出，猫利用对于声音或声音的一 种因果逻辑理解来预测看不见的物体的出现。定位句中的causal-logical 和 D 项中的 cause and effect 为同义替换，故答案为 D。
3
What is characteristic of the way cats hunt, according to the Japanese researchers?
A.They depend on their instincts.
B.They rely mainly on their hearing.
C.They wait some time before attack.
D.They use both their ears and eyes.
本题答案：
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案：B
  • 系统解析：
    由题干中的 characteristic of the way cats hunt 和 the Japanese researchers 定位到第五段第二句：The researchers conclude that cats' hunting style may have developed based on their commonsense abilities to infer where prey is, using their hearing.

    推理判断题。定位句指出，研究者们总结说，猫的捕猎方式也许是通过使用它们的听觉，基于它们的常识性能力来推断猎物的位置而培养起来的，由此推断出猫捕猎时主要依靠听觉，故答案为 B。
4
In what way do babies behave like cats?
A.They focus on what appears odd.
B.They view the world as normal.
C.They do what they prefer to do.
D.They are curious about everything.
本题答案：
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案：A
  • 系统解析：
    由题干中的 babies behave like cats 定位到第六段第二句：Like cats, babies appear to engage in what's called " preferential looking"—looking longer at things that are interesting or unusual than things they perceive as normal.

    事实细节题。定位句指出，和猫一样，婴儿似乎也会进行所谓的“优先注视”，对有趣的或不 同寻常的事物注视更久。A. 选项中的 focus on 和原文中的 looking longer 为同义替换，odd 和 interesting or unusual 也是同义替换，故答案为 A。
5
What can we conclude about cats from the passage?
A.They have higher intelligence than many other animals.
B.They interact withe the physical world much like humans.
C.They display extraordinarily high intelligence in hunting.
D.They can aid physics professors in their research work.
本题答案：
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案：B
  • 系统解析：
    由题干中的 conclude about cats定位到末段最后一句：But by demonstrating their common sense, they've shown that the divide between cats and humans may not be that great after all.

    推理判断题。定位句指出，猫通过展示它们的常识能力，它们已经证明了自己和人类之间的区别也许并没有那么大。这里的“区别” 需要联系全文来理解。文章主要讨论猫和人类对声音的产生的因果判断，也就是 B 选项提到的 interact with the physical world, 故答案为 B。
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