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In the classic marriage vow(誓约), couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife-not the husband—becomes seriously ill.
"Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce," said researcher Amelia Karraker.
Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.
The researchers examined how the onset(发生) of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic(慢性的) illness onset increased over time as will, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.
"We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness," Karraker said. "They're more likely to be widowed, and if they're the noes who become ill, they're more likely to get divorced."
While the study didn't assess why divorce in more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. "Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving many make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses," Karraker said. "And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women."
Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.
"Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages," she said. "But it's also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs."
1
What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?
A.They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.
B.They are as binding as they used to be.
C.They are not taken seriously any more.
D.They may help couples tide over hard times.
本题答案:
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案:A
  • 系统解析:
    本题考査“婚姻誓约的相关信息”。由题干关键词marriage vows定位至首段。本题考査对首段信息的概括推理。解题关键是借同义/反义表达把握婚姻誓约与研究发现的关联:②句couples/wiffe/husband、seriously ill分别原词/近义对应①句couples、sickness,而②句divorce则反义对应①句stay together,借此可推知开篇引出“永远不离不弃”的誓约意在反讽现实,也即婚姻誓约未必能保障两人白头偕老。B、D被首段①句内容障目,忽视②句转折引出的研究发现才是真正重要的信息。C将文中所述情形的范围“年长夫妻”扩大为“所有夫妻”,其次开篇并未从“世风发生今昔变化”的角度论述。
2
What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?
A.They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.
B.They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.
C.They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.
D.They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.
本题答案:
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案:D
  • 系统解析:
    本题考査“研究发现”。由题干关键词Karraker... Kenzie Latham定位至第三段(Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed...)及第四段(The researchers examined...)。本题考査研究发现细节信息。A将第六段②句信息“(老年夫妻中)男性更难做到照顾患病配偶”曲解为“老年男性不善于照顾自己”。B干扰源于第四段③句中“慢性/严重疾病发病率也随时间推移上升”,该内容虽为主干信息,却是对整体趋势(年老夫妻双方)的说明(“人越老越易得病”是基于数据得出的常识性发现,并非核心发现),题干仅就“年老丈夫”一方发问也暗示本题考査的是“基于男女比较的核心发现/信息(句中由with引导的独立主格表现)”,故该项偏离研究重心。C项just like their wives与第四段末“其中丈夫比妻子更容易患重病”矛盾。第三段 介绍研究数据,第四段介绍研究发现,其中发现之一是“(随着时间推移)丈夫比妻子更容易患上重疾”,同时第五段也提及“疾病面前女性更有可能丧偶(即丈夫比妻子更容易因病去世)”,综合推知D项正确。
3
What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?
A.They are more likely to be widowed.
B.They are more likely to get divorced.
C.They are less likely to receive good care.
D.They are less likely to bother their spouses.
本题答案:
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案:B
  • 系统解析:
    本题考査“研究发现”。由题干关键词Karraker, women who fall ill定位至第二段(Married women...health condition)和第五段(Karraker said...if they're the ones who become ill...)。本题同上题类似,均考査研究发现。A源自第五段They're more likely to be widowed,但这属于丈夫患病去世导致婚姻破裂的情形,而非“自己患病而丧偶”。C将第六段②句卡拉克言论暗含的对比“患病女性相比患病男性更难被另一半好好照顾”泛化为“患病女性很难受到悉心照顾”。D将第六段②句“被动局面——(患病女性)更难被配偶照顾”窜改为“主动选择——患病女性不太会烦扰(到)配偶”。第五段以直接引语介绍卡拉克的发现:疾病面前女性易遭受婚姻破裂有双重原因,一是丈夫更易患重病(致丧偶),二是自己患病时更可能离婚;题干询问妻子患病情形,B符合文意。
4
Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?
A.They are more accustomed to receiving care.
B.They find it more important to make money for the family.
C.They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.
D.They expect society to do more of the job.
本题答案:
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案:A
  • 系统解析:
    本题考査“卡拉克的观点看法”。由题干关键信息more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses定位至第六段②句(more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses)。本题为因果题,首先应确定相关逻辑词,根据第六段②句因果动词make(致使)锁定描述原因的主语Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving,结合后半句关键词provide care可知该原因聚焦(性别规范与社会期望)在caregiving(照顾/看护)方面约定俗成的社会观念,B、C过度推断定位句信息:“丈夫更看重在外面挣钱、履行社会义务”带有“为丈夫疏于管照妻子正名”之意,脱离全文“客观介绍研究发现”的大前提。可首先排除,其次根据normssocial expectations暗含的客观社会规范可确定描述客观习惯的A为正确项。同时排除D,D将末段卡拉克建议“(社会)应该为照顾患病配偶的丈夫提供支持服务、为患病妻子提供额外照顾和服务”偷换为“男性的主观看法”。
5
What does Karraker think is also important?
A.Reducing marital stress on wives.
B.Stabilizing old couples' relations.
C.Providing extra care for divorced women.
D.Making men pay for their wives' health costs.
本题答案:
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案:C
  • 系统解析:
    本题考査“卡拉克的建议”。由题干关键词Karraker,also important可定位至末段末句。本题解题关键是根据表达建议的主观性标记词识别出具体建议:末段①句以may reduce/prevent(主观推测情态动词+表示结果/作用的因果动词)标明主语所述方面的重要性(指向建议一);②句以may need(主观推测情态动词+表示必要性的动词)标明宾语所述方面的必要性(指向建议二);选项中A、B将末段首句第一条建议(社会应为照顾另一半患病的老年人提供支持服务)的结果/作用“减轻婚姻压力、避免离婚”错当作建议本身,且题干询问的是另一条建议。D将末段②句第二条建议“社会应为离异患病女性提供额外照顾”曲解为“男性应该支付妻子的医疗费”。只有C正确总结了建议二的内容,末段末句介绍卡拉克的另一建议“应认识到离婚压力可能与健康有关,患病女性离婚后可能需要额外的照顾和服务以防止健康 状况恶化和医疗费用增加”,C符合此建议。
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