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The rise of the Internet has been one of the most transformative developments in human history, comparable in impact to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph. Over two billion people worldwide now have access to vastly more information than ever before, and can communicate with each other instantly, often using Web-connected mobile devices they carry everywhere. But the Internet's tremendous impacts has only just begun.
"Mass adoption of the Internet is driving one of the most exciting social, cultural, and political transformations in history, and unlike earlier periods of change, this time the effects are fully global,"Schmidt and Cohen write in their new book, The New Digital Age.
Perhaps the most profound changes will come when the five billion people worldwide who currently lack Internet access get online. The authors do an excellent job of examining the implications of the Internet revolution for individuals, governments, and institutions like the news media. But if the book has one major shortcoming, it's that the authors don't spend enough time applying a critical eye to the role of Internet businesses in these weeping changes.
In their book, the authors provide the most authoritative volume to date that describes—and more importantly predicts—how the Internet will shape our lives in the coming decades. They paint a picture of a world in which individuals, companies, institutions, and governments must deal with two realities, one physical, and one virtual.
At the core of the book is the idea that "technology is neutral, but people aren't." By using this concept as a starting point, the authors aim to move beyond the now familiar optimist vs. pessimist dichotomy (对立观点) that has characterized many recent debates about whether the rise of the Internet will ultimately be good or bad for society. In an interview with TIME earlier this week, Cohen said although he and his co-author are optimistic about many aspects of the Internet, they're also realistic about the risks and dangers that lie ahead when the next five billion people come online, particularly with respect to personal privacy and state surveillance (监视).
1
In what way is the rise of the Internet similar to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph?
A.
It transforms human history.
B.
It facilitates daily communication.
C.
It is adopted by all humanity.
D.
It revolutions people's thinking.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理判断题。第1段第1句提到，互联网的影响程度堪比印刷机和电报的发明，接着第2句指出，其影响包括：人们能接触到更多信息，能随时随地与他人取得联系。由此可知，互联网的兴起与印刷机和电报的发明的相似之处在于它们都促进了日常交流，故答案为B。
2
How do Schmidt and Cohen describe the effects of the Internet?
A.
They are immeasurable.
B.
They are worldwide.
C.
They are unpredictable.
D.
They are contaminating
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理判断题。第2段提到，施密特和科恩在他们的新作《数位新时代》中这样写道，互联网的大规模应用正在推动着史上最振奋人心的社会、文化和政治变革，并且这次变革的影响是全球性的。由此可知，施密特和科恩认为互联网的影响是全球性的，B中的 worldwide 是对文中global的同义改写。A、C和D均属无中生有，故答案为B。
3
In what respect is the book The New Digital Age considered inadequate?
A.
It fails to recognize the impact of the Internet technology.
B.
It fails to look into the social implications of the Internet.
C.
It lacks an objective evaluation of the role of Internet businesses.
D.
It does not address the technical aspects of Internet communication.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
事实细节题。第3段最后一句提及施密特和科恩的新作《数位新时代》中的不足之处：这两位作者没有花足够的时间用批判的眼光(applying a critical eye)来看待互联网公司在这些大规模的变革中所扮演的角色。作者言外之意是，该书缺乏对互联网公司的角色的客观评估，故答案为C。
4
What will the future be like when everybody gets online?
A.
People will be living in two different realities.
B.
People will have equal access to information.
C.
People don't have to travel to see the world.
D.
People don't have to communicate face to face.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
事实细节题。第4段第1句提到，施密特和科恩预测了在接下来的几十年中互联网将如何塑造我们的生活，接着第2句说明了他们预测的具体内容，即个人、企业、机构还有政府都必须面对两种现实情境(must deal with two realities)，一个是有形的，另一个则是虚拟的。由此可知，A“人们将生活在两种现实中”为答案。
5
What does the passage say about the authors of The New Digital Age?
A.
They leave many questions unanswered concerning the Internet.
B.
They are optimistic about the future of the Internet revolution.
C.
They have explored the unknown territories of the virtual world.
D.
They don't take sides in analyzing the effects of the Internet.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推理判断题。最后一段第2句提到，在有关互联网的兴起最终对社会是好是坏的许多近期讨论中存在乐观主义者与悲观主义者的对立观点，而本书的作者旨在超越这两种对立观点。由此可见，本书的作者采取中立的态度。D“在分析互联网的影响上，他们不会站在任何一边”和原文意思相符，故为答案。
In 1950, a young man would have found it much easier than it is today to get and keep a job in the auto industry. And in that year the average autoworker could meet monthly mortgage (抵押贷款) payments on an average home with just 13.4 percent of his take-home pay. Today a similar mortgage would claim more than twice that share of his monthly earnings.
Other members of the autoworker's family, however, might be less inclined to trade the present for the past. His retired parents would certainly have had less economic security back then. Throughout much of the 1960s, more than a quarter of men and women and women age 65 and older lived below the poverty level, compared to less than 10 percent in 2010.
In most states, his wife could not have taken out a loan or a card in her own name. In 42 states, a homemaker had no legal claim on the earnings of her husband. And nowhere did a wife have legal protection against family violence.
Most black workers would not want to return to a time when, on average, they earned 40 percent less than their white counterparts (职位相当的人),white racially restrictive agreements largely prevented them from buying into the suburban neighborhoods being built for white working-class families.
Today, new problems have emerged in the process of resolving old ones, but the solution is not to go back to the past. Some people may long for an era when divorce was still hard to come by. The spread of no-fault divorce has reduced the bargaining power of whichever spouse is more interested in continuing the relationship. And the breakup of such marriages has caused pain for many families.
The growing diversity of family life comes with new possibilities as well as new challenges. According to a recent poll, more than 80 percent of Americans believe that their current family is as close as the one in which they grew up, or closer. Finding ways to improve the lives of the remaining 20 percent seems more realistic than trying to restore an imaginary golden age.
6
What do we learn about American autoworkers in 1950?
A.
They had less job security than they do today.
B.
It was not too difficult for them to buy a house.
C.
Their earnings were worth twice as much as today.
D.
They were better off than workers in other industries.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
第1段第2句句首的 in that year 指的是前一句中提到的 in 1950。第2、3句指出，在1950年的时候，每月的房屋抵押贷款只占普通汽车工人收入的13.4%，而如今，类似的抵押贷款要占到工人月工资的两倍多。由此可见，与现在相比，1950年时美国的汽车工人买房不那么困难，故答案为B。
7
What does the author about retired people today?
A.
They invariably long to return to the golden past.
B.
They do not depend so much on social welfare.
C.
They feel more secure economically than in the past.
D.
They are usually unwilling to live with their children.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
第2段第2句中，his retired parents 指的是上一段中的 average autoworker's retired parents，即一位普通汽车工人的退了休的父母。back then 指的是上一段中提到的1950年。该句指出，汽车工人退了休的父母过去的经济保障远远比不上现在，故答案为C。
8
Why couldn't black workers buy a house in a white suburban neighborhood?
A.
They lacked the means of transportation.
B.
They were subjected to racial inequality.
C.
They were afraid to break the law.
D.
They were too poor to afford it.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
第4段指出，黑人们也不想回到过去，一方面，那时候他们比干同样工作的白人平均少挣40%，另一方面，人种限制条约也在很大程度上使他们不能在专为白人工薪家庭建造的郊区居民区买房子。B“他们受制于种族的不平等”与文中意思相符，故为答案。
9
What is the result of no-fault divorce?
A.
Divorce is easier to obtain.
B.
Domestic violence is lessened.
C.
It causes little pain to either side.
D.
It contributes to social unrest.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
第5段第2句指出，一些人可能会向往那个离婚并不是那么容易的时代。第3句接着就离婚的话题进行了阐述，指出无过错离婚(no-fault divorce)的流行使离婚变得容易。故答案为A。
10
What does the author suggest society do?
A.
Get prepared to face any new challenges.
B.
Try to better the current social security.
C.
Narrow the gap between blacks and whites.
D.
Improve the lives of families with problems.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
第6段第2句提到，最近的一项民意调查显示，超过80%的美国人认为他们现在的家庭与自己从小生长的家庭一样亲密，甚至更亲密。言外之意即，另外20%的人可能不这么认为。最后一句指出，与尝试复兴想象中的黄金时代相比，寻找方法去改善其余20%的人的生活看起来更实际一些。可见，美国社会有20%的人的家庭可能不是那么亲密，作者认为社会应该改善这些家庭的生活。这和D“改善存在问题的家庭的生活”所表达的含义是一致的，故答案为D。
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