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A growing number of U.S. bike riders are attracted to electric bikes for convenience, health benefits and their fun factor. Although ebikes first appeared in the 90s, cheaper options and longer-lasting batteries are breathing new life into the concept.
Established bike companies and startups are embracing ebikes to meet demand. About 34 million ebikes were sold worldwide last year, according to data from eCycleElectric Consultants. Most were sold in Europe and China,where the bikes already have exploded in popularity.Recently, the U.s. market has grown to 263,000 bikes, a 25% gain from the prior year.
The industry is benefiting from improved batteries as suppliers over the years developed technology for laptops, smartphones and electric cars. In 2004, the price of batteries used on ebikes fell, spurring European sales.
But lower cost options are emerging, too. This month, three U.S. bikeshare companies, Motivate, LimeBike and Spin, announced electric bicycles will be added to their fleets. New York-based Jump Bikes is already operating an electric bikeshare in Washington，D.C.， and is launching in San Francisco Thursday. Rides cost $ 2 for 30 minutes.
The system works like existing dockless bikeshare systems,where riders unlock bikes through a smartphone app.“This is the beginning of a long-term shift away from regular pedal(踏板) to electric bikes,”said Jump Bikes CEO Ryan Rzepecki. “When people first jump on an ebike, their face lights up. It’s exciting and joyful in a way that you don’t get from a regular bike.”
Two years ago, CEO Chris Cocalis of Pivot Cycles,which sells high-end mountain bikes,found that U.S. bike shops weren’t interested in stocking ebikes. Some retailers warned Cocalis that they’d drop the brand if it came out with an electric bike.
Now that sales are taking off,the vast majority of bike dealers are asking Cocalis when he’ll make an ebike available. “There’s tremendous opportunity to get a generation of people for whom suffering isn’t their thing,” Cocalis said. “Ebike riders get the enjoyable part of cycling without themassive suffering of climbing huge hills.”
1
What do we learn from the passage about ebikes?
A.
Their health benefits and fun values outweigh their cost.
B.
They did not catch public attention in the United States until the 1990s.
C.
They did not become popular until the emergence of improved batteries.
D.
Their widespread use is attributable to people’s environmental awareness.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
根据题干关键词ebikes定位至首段第二句。该句提到，尽管电动自行车早在90年代就出现了，但更便宜的价格和更耐用的电池给这一概念注入了新的活力。可知，“直到改进电池的出现，它们才开始流行”，故答案选C)项。同时排除 D)项;文章首句提到，越来越多的美国自行车骑手都被电动自行车所吸引，因为电动自行车方便、有益健康，而且有趣。但文中并未提到“它们的健康益处和娱乐价值超过了它们的成本”，故排除 A) 项;电动自行车早在90年代就出现了，但流行起来却是现在，故排除 B)项。
2
What brought about the boost in ebike sales in Europe at the beginning of the century?
A.
Updated technology of bike manufacture.
B.
The falling prices of ebike batteries.
C.
Changed fashion in short-distance travel.
D.
The rising costs for making electric cars.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
根据题干关键词 Europe和the beginning of the century定位至第三段。该段中提到， 由于供应商多年来开发了用于笔记本电脑、智能手机和电动汽车的技术，电动自行车行业正受益于电池的改进。2004年，电动自行车上使用的电池价格下跌，刺激了它在欧洲的销量。可知，“电池价格的下跌”使电动自行车在欧洲的销量增加，故答案选 B)项。
3
What is the prospect of the bike industry according to Ryan Rzepecki?
A.
More will be invested in bike battery research.
B.
The sales of ebikes will increase.
C.
It will profit from ebike sharing.
D.
It will make a difference in people’s daily lives.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
根据题干定位至第五段。该段中提到，Jump Bikes首席执行官莱恩·雷兹皮茨基说: “这是从普通踏板向电动自行车的长期转变的开始。当人们第一次骑电动自行车时，他们的脸上神采飞扬。这种兴奋和快乐是骑普通自行车体会不到的”。可知，莱恩·雷兹皮茨基认为电动自行车会“改变人们的日常生活”，故答案选 D)项。A)项和 C)项在文中均未提及，故排除;B)项属过度推断，故排除。
4
What prevented Chris Cocalis from developing ebikes sooner?
A.
Retailers’ refusal to deal in ebikes.
B.
High profits from conventional bikes.
C.
Users’concern about risks of ebike riding.
D.
His focus on selling costly mountain bikes.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
根据题干定位至第六段。该段提到，两年前，销售高端山地车的 Pivot Cycles公司的首席执行官克里斯·科卡利斯发现，美国的自行车商店对储备电动自行车不感兴趣。一 些零售商警告科卡利斯，如果他们品牌推出电动自行车，他们就放弃该品牌。可知，“零售商拒绝经销电动自行车”阻止了克里斯·科卡利斯更早地开发电动自行车，故答案选 A)项。其他三项在文中均未提及，故排除。
5
What makes Chris Cocalis believe there is a greater opportunity for ebike sales?
A.
The further lowering of ebike prices.
B.
The public’s concern for their health.
C.
The increasing interest in mountain climbing.
D.
The younger generation’s pursuit of comfortable riding.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
题目就提问。根据题干关键词Chris Cocalis和a greater opportunity定位到末段。该段中提到，现在有绝佳的机会可以赢得这一代不喜欢吃苦的人，骑电动自行车的人可以享受骑自行车的乐趣，而不必忍受爬坡的巨大痛苦。可知，克里斯·科卡利斯认为电动自行车具有巨大前景是因为“年轻一代对舒适骑行的追求”，故答案选 D)项。其他三项在文中均未提及，故排除。
The terms “global warming” and “climate change” are used by many, seemingly interchangeably. But do they really mean the same thing?
Scientists shaped the history of the terms while attempting to accurately describe how humans continue to alter the planet. Later, political strategists adopted the terms to influence public opinion.
In 1975，geochemist Wallace Broecker introduced the term “climate change” in an article published by Science. In 1979, a National Academy of Sciences report used the term “global warming” to define increases in the Earth’s average surface temperature, while “climate change” more broadly referred to the numerous effects of this increase，such as sea-level rise and ocean acidification(酸化).
During the following decades,some industrialists and politicians launched a campaign to sow doubt in the minds of the American public about the ability of fossil-fuel use, deforestation and other human activities to influence the planet’s climate.
Word use played a critical role in developing that doubt. For example,the language and polls expert Frank Luntz wrote a memo encouraging the use of “climate change” because the phrase sounded less scary than “global warming,” reported the Guardian.
However, Luntz’s recommendation wasn’t necessary.A Google Ngram Viewer chart shows that by 1993 climate change was already more commonly used in books than global warming. By the end of the next decade both words were used more frequently, and climate change was used nearly twice as often as global warming.
NASA used the term “climate change” because it more accurately reflects the wide range of changes to the planet caused by increasing amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
The debate isn’t new. A century ago, chemist Svante Arrhenius started one of the first debates over the potential for humans to influence the planet’s climate. Arrhenius calculated the capability of carbon dioxide to trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, but other chemists disagreed. Some argued that humans werent producing enough greenhouse gases,while others claimed the effects would be tiny. Now, of course, we know that whatever you call it, human behavior is warming the planet, with grave consequences ahead.
6
Why did politicians use the two terms “global warming” and “climate change”?
A.
To sway public opinion of the impact of human activities on Earth.
B.
To more accurately describe the consequences of human activities.
C.
C)To win more popular votes in their campaign activities.
D.
D.To assure the public of the safety of existing industries.
本题答案：
A
B
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
根据题干关键词politicians，twoterms和“global warming”and“climate change”定位至文章的第一、二和四段。首段中引入这两个术语;第二段末句提到，政治策略家们采 用这些术语来影响公众舆论;第四段中进一步提到，一些工业家和政治家发起了一场运动，使美国公众的心里对化石燃料的使用、滥伐森林以及其他人类活动影响地球气候的能力产生怀疑。可知，政治家们使用全球变暖和气候变化这两个术语是“为了动摇公众对于人类活动影响地球的看法”，故答案选 A)项。B)项是第七段中的accurately与末段中的consequences相杂糅，故排除;C)项和 D)项在文中均未提及，故排除。
7
As used in a National Academy of Sciences report, the term “climate change” differs from “global warming” in that____ .
A.
it sounds less vague
B.
it looks more scientific
C.
it covers more phenomena
D.
it is much closer to reality.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
根据题干关键词 National Academy of Sciences定位至第三段第二句。该句提到，一份美国国家科学院的报告使用了“全球变暖”这一术语来定义地球表面平均温度的升高，而“气候变化”更广泛地指代这种升高所导致的众多影响，比如海平面上升和海洋酸化。可知，这两个术语的区别在于“全球变暖”表述了现象，而“气候变化”则表 述了该现象所带来的后果，因此“气候变化”涵盖了更多的现象，故答案选 C)项。其他 三项在文中均未提及，故排除。
8
What did industrialists of the late 20th century resort to in order to mislead Americans?
A.
Made-up survey results.
B.
C.False research findings.
C.
Hired climate experts.
D.
D.D
E.
False research findings.
F.
B.Hired climate experts.
G.
Deliberate choice of words.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
根据题干关键词industrialists of the late 20th century和 mislead Americans定位至第四五段。第四段中指出，一些工业家和政治家发起了一场运动，使美国公众的心里对化石燃料的使用、滥伐森林以及其他人类活动影响地球气候的能力产生怀疑。第五段首句又提到，措辞的使用在推动这种质疑的过程中起到了关键的作用;随后举例说明，“气候变化”这一说法听起来没有“全球变暖”那么可怕。可知，工业家们在遣词上作文章， 从而误导民众的判断，故答案选 D)项。其他三项在文中均未提及，故排除。
9
Why did NASA choose the term “climate change”?
A.
To obtain more funds.
B.
For greater precision.
C.
For political needs.
D.
To avoid debate.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
根据题干关键词NASA定位至第七段。该段提到，美国国家航空航天局使用“气候变 化”这一术语，是因为它更准确地反映了由于大气中温室气体的不断增加而给地球带来 的广泛变化。可知，选择“气候变化”这一术语的原因是“在涉及温室效应所引起的不良后果时，这一术语的表述更为准确”，故答案选 B)项。其他三项均无法从文中得知是否是美国国家航空航天局使用这一术语的原因，故排除。
10
What is the author’s final conclusion?
A.
Global warming is the more accurate term.
B.
Accuracy of terminology matters in science.
C.
Human activities have serious effects on Earth.
D.
Politics interferes with serious scientific debate.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
根据题干关键词the author's final conclusion定位至文章末段。在该段中，作者概括性地介绍了对于术语的争论有史以来就存在。其中，末句提到，现在我们知道，不管你怎么称呼它，人类的行为正在使地球变暖，并面临着严重的后果。可知，作者认为无论采用哪个术语，人类的活动都正在给地球带来不好的后果，故答案选 C)项。第七段首句中指出，“气候变化”这一术语可以更准确地反映温室气体对地球变化的影响，故排除 A)项;B)项和 D)项在文中均未提及，故排除。
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