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New Yorkers are gradually getting used to more pedaling (骑车的) passengers on those shining blue Citi Bikes. But what about local bike shops? Is Citi Bike rolling up riders at their expense?
At Gotham Bikes in Tribeca, manager W. Ben said the shop has seen an increase in its overall sales due to the bike-share program. "It's getting more people on the road," he said. James Ryan, an employee at Danny's Cycles in Gramercy also said Citi Bike is a good option for people to ease into biking in a city famed for its traffic jams and aggressive drivers. "They can try out a bike without committing to buying one," he said.
Rentals are not a big part of the business at either Gotham Bikes or Danny's Cycles. But for Frank's Bike Shop, a small business on Grand St., the bike-share program has been bad news. Owner Frank Arroyo said his rental business has decreased by 90％ since Citi Bike was rolled out last month. Arroyo's main rental customers are European tourists, who have since been drawn away by Citi Bikes.
However, Ben said the bike-share is good for bike sales at his shop. "People have used the bike-share and realized how great it is to bike in the city, then decide that they want something nicer for themselves," he noted.
Christian Farrell of Waterfront Bicycle Shop, on West St. just north of Christopher St., said initially he was concerned about bike-share, though, he admitted, "I was happy to see people on bikes."
Farrell's early concerns were echoed by Andrew Crooks, owner of NYC Velo, at 64 Second Ave. "It seemed like a great idea, but one that would be difficult to implement," Crooks said of Citi Bike. He said he worried about inexperienced riders' lack of awareness of biking rules and strong negative reaction from non-cyclists. However, he said, it's still too early to tell if his business has been impacted.
While it's possible bike-share will cause a drop in business, Crooks allowed that the idea is a positive step forward for New York City.
1
What is the author's chief concern about the increasing use of Citi Bikes in New York?
A.
How non-cyclists will respond to it.
B.
Whether local bike shops will suffer.
C.
Whether local bike businesses will oppose it.
D.
How the safety of bike riders can be ensured.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
本题问针对越来越多人使用Citi Bikes，作者首要担心的问题是什么。题干所说的the increasinguse of Citi Bikes与第l段首句的more pedaling passengers“更多骑车的人”对应。作者在提出该现象后，紧接着就使用了两个问句，表示关心当地自行车店对此的反应，并提问城市自行车项目是否会让当地自行车店利益受损(at their expense)。B项中的suffer是对最后一句at their expense的同义转换，选项意为“当地自行车店是否会受害”，与原文意思一致。
2
What happened to Gotham Bikes as a result of the bike-share program?
A.
It found its bike sales unaffected.
B.
It shifted its business to rentals.
C.
It saw its bike sales on the rise.
D.
It rented more bikes to tourists.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
题目问的是公共自行车项目导致Gotham自行车店产生了怎样的结果。第2段首句出现表原因的due to“由于”，与题干中表结果的as a result相对，故due to前面的the shop has seen an increase inits overall sales“店里总体销售额有所增长”即为本题答案。C项中的on the rise是原文all increase的同义转换。选项意为“自行车的销售在增加”，跟原文意思一致。
3
Why is the bike-share program bad news for Frank's Bike Shop?
A.
It cannot meet the demand of the bike-share program.
B.
Its customers have been drawn away by Citi Bikes.
C.
Its bike prices have to be lowered again and again.
D.
It has to compete with the city's bike rental shops.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
题目问的是为什么对Frank’s自行车店而言，公共自行车项目是个坏消息。题干所述与第3段第2句的the bike—share program has been bad news对应，紧跟着第3句指出，自上个月推出Citi Bike后，该店的出租业务下降了90％，而最后一句指出业务下降的原因，即曾经是该店的主要客源的欧洲游客都被CitiBike抢走了(main rental customers…have since been drawn away by Citi Bikes)。B项“顾客被Citi Bikes抢走了”与该句意思一致。
4
Why did Andrew Crooks think that the bike-share program would be difficult to execute?
A.
Inexperienced riders might break biking rules.
B.
Conflicts might arise among bike rental shops.
C.
Traffic conditions might worsen in the downtown area.
D.
There are not enough lanes to accommodate the bikes.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
题目询问为什么Andrew Crooks认为公共自行车项目很难执行。题干所述与第6段第2句对应，其中的execute与原文的implement同义，都是“实施，执行”的意思。第6段第3句解释了原因：其一，没经验的骑行者对骑车规则认识不够(1ack of awareness of biking rules)；其二，非骑车人的强烈反对(strongnegative reaction from non-cyclists)。A项“缺乏经验的骑手可能会违反骑行规则”是原文中列举的第一个原因。为正确答案。
5
What is the general attitude of local bike shops towards Citi Bike?
A.
Wait-and-see.
B.
Negative.
C.
Indifferent.
D.
Approving.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
题目询问当地自行车店对Citi Bike的普遍态度。文中提到了不同的自行车店及其发言人的态度，其态度往往体现在原文的转折对比处。第2段的Gotham Bikes销量增长(all increase in its overall sales)，Citi Bike对其有利，此外Danny’s Cycles的詹姆士也认为公共自行车项目不错(a good option)；第4段提到Gotham自行车店的Ben认为Citi Bike实际上能让更多人购买自行车，故他的态度是支持的。第3段提到Frank’s Bike Shop的租赁业务受打击较大，故其态度应该是反对的。第5段及第7段末的happy to see和a positive step表明两家店的店主都是支持Citi Bike的。纵观以上观点，大部分当地自行车店都是持支持态度的(4vs.1)，故答案为D项“赞同，认可”。
Various studies have shown that increased spending on education has not led to measurable improvements in learning. Between 1980 and 2008, staff and teachers at U.S. public schools grew roughly twice as fast as students. Yet students showed no additional learning in achievement tests.
Universities show similar trends of increased administration personnel and costs without greater learning, as documented in Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa's recent book Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses.
A survey shows that 63% of employers say that recent college graduates don't have the skills they need to succeed and 25% of employers say that entry-level writing skills are lacking.
Some simplistically attribute the decline in our public education system to the drain of skilled students by private schools, but far more significant events were at work.
Public schools worked well until about the 1970s. In fact, until that time, public schools provided far better education than private ones. It was the underperforming students who were thrown out of public schools and went to private ones.
A prominent reason public schools did well was that many highly qualified women had few options for working outside the house other than being teachers or nurses. They accepted relatively low pay, difficult working conditions, and gave their very best.
Having such a large supply of talented women teachers meant that society could pay less for their services. Women's liberation opened up new professional opportunities for women, and, over time, some of the best left teaching as a career option, bringing about a gradual decline in the quality of schooling.
Also around that time, regulations, government, and unions came to dictate pay, prevent adjustments, and introduce bureaucratic (官僚的) standard for advancement. Large education bureaucracies and unions came to dominate the landscape, confusing activity with achievement. Bureaucrats regularly rewrite curriculums, talk nonsense about theories of education, and require ever more administrators. The end result has been that, after all the spending, students have worse math and reading skills than both their foreign peers and earlier generations spending far less on education — as all the accumulating evidence has now documented.
6
What do we learn from various studies on America's public education?
A.
Achievement tests have failed to truly reflect the quality of teaching.
B.
Public schools-lack the resources to compete with private schools.
C.
Little improvement in education has resulted from increased spending.
D.
The number of students has increased much faster than that of teachers.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
本题询问从关于美国公立教育的大量研究中，我们可以得知什么。文章首句的Various studies haveshown后面所跟的宾语从句就是答案：教育投入的增加并未促使教育有显著改善(not led to measurableimprovements in learning)。C项中的has resulted from“由……产生”替换了原文中的has led to“导致”，区别在于lead to后面是结果；选项中的little improvements和原文中的notled tomeasurable improvements属同义转换。所以正确答案是C“花费增加并未促使教育得到大改善”。
7
How do some people explain the decline in public education?
A.
Government investment does not meet schools' needs.
B.
Skilled students are moving to private schools.
C.
Qualified teachers are far from adequately paid.
D.
Training of students' basic skills is neglected.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
题目问一些人认为公立教育衰落的原因是什么。第4段中的attributed…to…意为……把……归因于……”，表原因，to后的内容就是答案，原因是高素质生源流失到了私立学校(the drain of skilledstudents by private schools)，B“高素质的学生都去了私立学校”与原文一致。
8
What was a significant contributor to the past glory of public schools?
A.
Well-behaved students.
B.
Efficient administration.
C.
Talented women teachers.
D.
Generous pay for teachers.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
本题问公立学校过去成功的重要原因是什么。题干中的a significant contributor与第6段第l句中的a prominent reason为同义转换。原文该句提到，公立学校曾经很成功(did well)的首要原因是，当时许多高素质的女性(highly qualified women)除了当老师或者护士之外，没有其他职业可以从事。而第7段也重申了这些有才干的女教(talented women teachers)的重要性，C“有才干的女教师”复现了这一内容，为正确答案。
9
Why did some of the best women teachers leave teaching?
A.
New career opportunities were made available to them by women's liberation.
B.
Higher academic requirements made it difficult for them to stay in their jobs.
C.
They were unhappy with the bureaucratic administration in their schools.
D.
The heavy teaching loads left them little time and energy for family life.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
题目问为什么一些优秀的女教师要放弃教书。第7段第2句的大意是妇女解放运动为这些女性开辟了新的职业领域(opened up new professional opportunities for women)，一些优秀的女教师因为有了更好的选择，就放弃了教书。A项“妇女解放运动给她们带来了新的职业机会”符合原文。其中的New careeropportunities是原文new professional opportunities的同义表达；made available同义替换了openedup，都是“开辟了新的职业领域”的意思。
10
What does the author think is one of the results of government involvement in education?
A.
Increasing emphasis on theories of education.
B.
Highly standardized teaching methods.
C.
Students' improved academic performance.
D.
An ever-growing number of administrators.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
题目问作者认为政府参与教育所导致的结果是什么。题干所说的government involvement in education指代最后一段前两句提到的内容，包括引入官僚晋升标准、支配整个教育系统等。第3句讲述了一些具体的措施：定期修改课表、吹嘘荒谬的教育理论、要求不断增加管理人员(require ever more administrators)。D“不断增长的管理人员”是原文中要求增加管理人员的必然结果，所以为正确答案。
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