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Women who drank three or more cups of coffee a day were 30 percent less likely to have memory decline at age 65 than whose who drank one cup or less daily. And the benefit increased with age. Women over age 80 who drank three or more cups of coffee a day were about 70 percent less likely to have memory decline than those who drank one cup or less, the researchers said.
Caffeinated tea had the same effect in the women, the study found, although more was needed to get the same caffeine boost. “Count roughly two cups of tea for a cup of coffee,” said study leader Karen Ritchie of INSERM, the French National Institute for Health and Medical Research.
But the researchers didn’t find a similarly protective effect in men, although other studies have found a benefit to males.
How might caffeine help ward off cognitive decline? “It is a cognitive stimulant," said Ritchie. It also helps to reduce levels of the protein called beta amyloid in the brain, she said, “whose accumulation is responsible for Alzheimer’s disease but which also occurs in normal aging.”
Ritchie said she wasn’t sure why men in the study didn’t benefit from caffeine. “Our hypothesis is that either women metabolize caffeine differently than men, or there may be an interaction of the caffeine with the sex hormones, the estrogen-progesterone balance，” she said.
The French study confirms previous research, said William Scott, professor of medicine at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, who has researched caffeine’s beneficial effects against Parkinson's disease, also a neurodegenerative disorder.
As for caffeine only protecting women, Scott noted that just 2,800 of the 7,000 study participants were men, and the results might have differed if more men were included.
A study published in February in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition looked at 676 healthy men and found that regular coffee drinkers had a lower rate of cognitive decline over a 10-year follow-up than those who didn’t drink coffee. Those who drank three cups daily had the least signs of decline.
Both Scott and Ritchie agreed that more study is needed. Ritchie’s research will next look at the relationship between caffeine and Alzheimer’s.
1
As it is indicated in the first paragraph, how does coffee influence women’s memory?
A.
The older the woman was, the more remarkable her memory was.
B.
The more coffee the woman drank, the more slowly her memory declined.
C.
The older the woman was, the more slowly her memory declined.
D.
The more coffee the woman drank, the more remarkable her memory was.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
首段第2句概括了该段的主要内容，句中的benefit指的是记忆衰退的减缓。因此本段内容为:年龄越长，记忆衰退就比同龄人越慢，即C。本段关注的是咖啡影响记忆的衰退程度，而非咖啡是否能增强记忆，A、D (记忆力的好坏）在本段并未论及；虽然本段对比了喝三杯或更多咖啡的女性与喝一杯或更少的女性的记忆衰退程度，但这并不意味着咖啡喝得越多越好，因此B、D中的the more coffee the woman drank这 个前提不正确，故两项均错。
2
What is true about caffeinated tea?
A.
It affected women’s memory in the same manner as coffee.
B.
It influenced women’s memory as effectively as coffee.
C.
it boosted women’s memory in the same rate as coffee.
D.
It contained the same amount of caffeine as coffee.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
第2段首句中的the same effect与上一段提到的benefit所指相同，故本句表明含咖啡因的茶和咖啡以同样的机制影响女性的记忆衰退程度，选A。第2段首句中although引出的让步状语从句表明咖啡的作用比茶明显，因此B不正确，这样看来，D(茶和咖啡含有同量的咖啡因）也是不正确的；C针对的是增强记忆，而非其衰退程度，不符合文章的论点，也不正确。
3
According to Ritchie, Alzheimer’s disease is resulted from _____.
A.
the lack of caffeine in the brain
B.
the accumulation of beta amyloid
C.
D.high level of proteins in the brain D.abnormal metabolism in normal aging
本题答案：
A
B
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
第4段末句中的 beta amyloid... whose accumulation is responsible for Alzheimer’s disease 表明 B为本题答案。本题根据Ritchie和Alzheimer’s定位原文后，答案就不难找到。
4
William Scott would most probably agree that caffeine helped .
A.
reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease
B.
retard the process of cognitive decline
C.
balance the production of female hormones
D.
protect both men and women from diseases
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
第6段首句开头的The French study confirms previous research表明斯科特认同了法国人的研究结果，即咖啡因能减缓记忆衰退，因此本题选B。第4段提及咖啡因可以降低导致老年痴呆症的β淀粉酶的 水平，但要注意的是，该段末也有提及老年痴呆症在正常的老化过程中也会出现，这意味着老年痴呆症也可能与β淀粉酶无关，那么，对于不是由β淀粉酶引起的老年痴呆症，咖啡因就不起作用了，强干扰项A的 说法过于片面，可排除。
5
What was the author’s attitude towards the research of caffeine's beneficial effect on men?
A.
Doubtful.
B.
Convinced.
C.
Matter-of-fact.
D.
Cautious.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
本文是作者对一项研究结果的客观引述，没有涉及作者的个人态度，因此作者对文中任何观点话题的看法都只是持旁观者中立的态度，故选C。其他选项都具有积极或消极的词义色彩，不表明中立的态度，故均不能选。
Google must be the most ambitious company in the world. Its stated goal, “to organize the world’ s information and make it universally accessible and useful,” deliberately omits the word “web” to indicate that the company is reaching for absolutely all information everywhere and in every form. From books to health records and videos, from your friendships to your click patterns and physical location, Google wants to know. To some people this sounds uplifting, with promises of free access to knowledge and help in managing our daily lives. To others, it is somewhat like another Big Brother, no less frightening than its totalitarian (极权主义的）ancestors for being in the private information.
Randall Stross, a journalist at the New York Times， does a good job of analyzing this unbounded ambition in his book "Planet Google”. One chapter is about the huge data centers that Google is building with a view to storing all that information, another about the sets of rules at the heart of its web search and advertising technology, another about its approach to information bound in books, its vision for geographical information and so forth. He is at his best when explaining how Google’s mission casually but fatally smashes into long-existing institutions such as, say, copyright law or privacy norms.
And yet, it’s puzzling that he mostly omits the most fascinating component of Google, its people. Google is what it is because of its two founders, Sergey Brin and Larry Page, who see themselves as kindly elites and embody the limitless optimism about science, technology and human nature that is native to Silicon Valley. The world is perfectible, and they are the ones who will do much of the perfecting, provided you let them.
Brin and Page set out to create a company and an entire culture in their image. From the start, they professed that they would innovate as much in managing—rewarding, feeding, motivating, entertaining and even transporting (via Wi-Fi-enabled free shuttle buses)their employees—as they do in internet technology. If Google is in danger of becoming a caricature (讽刺画），this is first apparent here—in the over-engineered day-care centers, the shiatsu massages and kombucha teas (康普茶).In reality Googlers are as prone to power struggle and office politics as anyone else.
None of that makes it into Mr Stross' account, which at times reads like a diligent summary of news articles. At those moments, “Planet Google" takes a risk similar to trying to board a speeding train: the Google story changes so fast that no book can stay up to date for long. Even so, a sober description of this moment in Google's quest is welcome. Especially since Google fully expects, as its chief executive, Eric Schmidt says at the end of the book, to take 300 years completing it.
6
By describing Google as a “Big Brother", people think that Google _____.
A.
is a pioneer in IT industry
B.
is an invader of privacy
C.
breaks its promise of free access
D.
overestimates its own influence
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
首段末句讲到,Google像是另一个Big Brother，其干涉私人信息的惊人程度丝毫不亚于其极权主义的先辈，由此可知，谷歌侵犯了人们的隐私，故答案为B。第4句提到Google免费获取知识的承诺，但没讲到它违背承诺，故C错误；A和D缺乏原文依据。
7
According to Randall Stross, Google's influence on copyright law or privacy norms is _____.
A.
inevitable
B.
undeniable
C.
long-lasting
D.
unintentional
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
第2段末句讲到，谷歌的使命虽是漫不经心地，但却给予长期存在的制度习俗带来致命的打击，例如版权法和隐私规范。D“非故意的”与句中causally“偶然地”意思相近，为本题答案。选项C与句中long-existing 意思接近，但它描述的是institutions，故排除。
8
What does the author think of Sergey Brin and Larry Page?
A.
They are the most crucial component of Google.
B.
They are deliberately omitted in the book "Planet Google".
C.
They bring silicon Valley the most advanced science and technology.
D.
They are the persons who never stop pursuing a better world.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
第3段提到了谷歌创始人Sergey Brin和Larry Page。末句讲到，世界是可以变得完美的，而他们正是能够为这个完美做很多事的人，如果你允许他们做的话。由此推断D正确。A中的crucial与原文fascinated
不符;两位创始人在书中被省略是事实，并非作者的想法，排除B；C无原文依据。
9
What do we know about the Google employees in reality?
A.
They intrigue against each other in the office.
B.
They are all hard-working and talented.
C.
They appreciate the managing techniques.
D.
They feel encouraged by the company's benefits.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
第4段末句讲到了现实中谷歌的员工。其中的power struggle and office politics表明其员工在办公室会勾心斗角，A中的intrigue “耍阴谋"与该句子意思吻合，为本题答案。
10
What does the author imply by saying " ‘Planet Google' takes a risk similar to trying to board a speeding train”?
A.
“Planet Google" will be in danger if it stays up to date for long.
B.
“Planet Google” have to take 300 years to catch the speeding train.
C.
The board of Google welcomes Randall Stross to cover Google story.
D.
A written book can only cover a little part of the on-going technology.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
末段第2句冒号后的内容对这句话作了解释：因为谷歌的故事变化太快，以至没有哪本书能长期地使内容保持最新。由此可推断，书籍是无法涵盖所有快速发展的科技，D符合文意。A中的in danger无原文依据； B中的300 years只是谷歌老板所希望的事情，与题意无关；C中的board“董事会”误读其在原文的意思， 它在原文中作动词，意为“登上”。
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