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It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy. These figure from the Department of Education are sufficient: 27 million Americans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read at a level that is less than sufficient to survive in our society.
But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading. It has been suggested that almost 80 percent of America’s literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise (music)in the background or a television screen flickering (闪烁)at the corner of their field of perception. We know very little about the brain and how it deals with simultaneous conflicting input, but every common-sense intuition suggests we should be profoundly alarmed. This violation of concentration, silence, solitude (独处的状态)goes to the very heart of our notion of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration, let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain, by heart; the expression is vital.
Under these circumstances, the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a real one.
Ahead of us lie technical, psychic (心理的),and social transformations probably much more dramatic than those brought about by Gutenberg, the German inventor in printing. The Gutenberg revolution, as we now know it, took a long time; its effects are still being debated. The information revolution will touch every fact of composition, publication, distribution, and reading. No one in the book industry can say with any confidence what will happen to the book as we’ve known it.
1
The picture of the reading ability of the American people, drawn by the author, is _____.
A.
rather bleak
B.
fairly bright
C.
very impressive
D.
quite encouraging
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
根据文章第1段第1句“我无需举例说明那种令人沮丧的受教育状况”。句中depressing的意思与bleak相近,由此可推断作者描绘的这幅画面是相当黯淡的,A为本题答案。
2
The author’s biggest concern is _____.
A.
elementary school children’s disinterest in reading classics
B.
the surprisingly low rate of literacy in the U.S.
C.
the musical setting American readers require for reading
D.
the reading ability and reading behavior of the middle class
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
根据文章第2段第1句“目前我担心的倒不是基本文化水平这个大问题,而是一个较为奢侈的问题,即美国中产阶级读者阅读艺术的衰退,即使是中级的读者也不愿意在寂静无声的空间里,放下家庭事务,付出时 间全神贯注地进行经典性的阅读”,因此,只有D才与文中所陈述的意思相符。
3
A major problem with most adolescents who can read is _____.
A.
their fondness of music and TV programs
B.
their ignorance of various forms of art and literature
C.
their lack of attentiveness and basic understanding
D.
their inability to focus on conflicting input
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
推断题。在第2段第2句和倒数第二句作者提到“大约80%的有文化、受过教育的十几岁的年轻人没有背景音乐和闪烁的电视屏幕的陪伴就无法阅读”和“而这种边阅读边在背景的干涉下进行理解的新方法使人们不 可能对所阅读的东西全神贯注地加以理解”,由此可推断只有C是正确的。
4
The author claims that the best way a reader can show admiration for a piece of poetry or prose is ______.
A.
to be able to appreciate it and memorize it
B.
to analyze its essential features
C.
to think it over conscientiously
D.
to make a fair appraisal of its artistic value
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
根据文章第2段倒数第二句“更不用说将散文或诗歌,不是用脑,而是用心背下来,这是人们欣赏他们所喜欢的诗歌或散文的最好的方式”,因此A与作者所表述的观点一致,因而正确。
5
About the future of the arts of reading the author feels _____.
A.
upset
B.
uncertain
C.
alarmed
D.
pessimistic
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
在第3段第1句,作者写道“在这种情况下,阅读艺术的将来确实是一个真正的大问题”,在最后一句,作者又提到“图书界没有人能充满信心地预言到底会发生什么情况”,因此可推断,作者对阅读艺术的将来感到难以把握。故B与文章所陈述的观点一致。
Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal, but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one’s side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.
Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that “Gift” means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm’s length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch,which makes Americans uncomfortable.
Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.
Even here in the United States,we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual (多语言的)guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, hank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps In English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.
When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives—usually the richer—who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation's diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.
For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor of needed funds and goods.
But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.
6
It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably ______.
A.
stand still
B.
jump aside
C.
step forward
D.
draw back
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
文章第2段提到,我们喜欢和其他人保持至少3英尺或一臂之长的距离。但拉丁人和中东人却喜站得很近,身体互相接触,而这使美国人很不舒服。由此可推断,如双方靠得太近,美国人定会向后退。因此,D与文中所陈述的意思一致,故而正确。
7
The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their.
A.
cultural self-centeredness
B.
casual manners
C.
indifference towards foreign visitors
D.
arrogance towards other cultures
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
作者在文章的开篇就提出了论点,即我们的文化观使大多数美国人认为自己的语言世界通用,自己的手势人皆明白,但这种观点是错误的。围绕此论点,作者举出了数个例子驳斥美国人这种以自我为中心的文化观。因此,A与作者所阐述的观点一致。其余三项都是这种文化观所引起的后果。
8
In countries other than their own most Americans ______.
A.
are isolated by the local people
B.
are not well informed due to the language barrier
C.
tend to get along well with the natives
D.
need interpreters in hotels and restaurants
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
第5段提到,每次出国,我们一般都食宿在说英语的那些宾馆和饭店中,人们对我们的态度和我们所获得的信息都是由说英语的本地人——通常是富人决定的。我们的生意往来、国家的外交活动也是通过翻译才能进行。因此,B与文中所陈述的意思相符,故正确。A的信息在文中并没有提及;C与文章所提及的观点相悖;D与文中所给的意思不符。
9
According to the author, Americans’ cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will ____.
A.
affect their image in the new era
B.
cut themselves off from the outside world
C.
limit their role in world affairs
D.
weaken the position of the U.S. dollar
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
第6段和第7段提到,但这一切已成为过去,美元已不再能购买所有的好东西,美国人也开始慢慢地意识到他们在世界的地位正在改变。结合第3段提到的“在语言和文化上的肓目性……正使我们在世界上失去
朋友、生意和人们的尊重",可推断,美国人的作用已受到限制,C与文章所阐述的现点一致,故正确。 A的信息在文章中并没有提及;B与文章所陈述的意思相悖;D只是一种次要的影响。
10
The author’s intention in writing this article is to make Americans realize that ____.
A.
it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friends
B.
it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairs
C.
it is necessary to use several languages in public places
D.
it is time to get acquainted with other cultures
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
题目询问作者写这篇文章是要使美国人意识到什么。作者在文章的开篇就批评了大多数美国人心目中的一种错误的文化观,即美国的语言世界通用。接着又指出这种文化观所引起的语言和文化上的盲目性和随意性使美国人在世界上失去了朋友、生意和人们的尊重。美国在国际事物中的领先地位也正在失去。由此可看出作者的写作意图是要美国人克服这种文化上的盲目性,了解世界的文化。因此,D与作者的意图相符。
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