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Parents can easily come down with an acute case of schizophrenia (精神分裂症）from reading the contradictory reports about the state of the public schools. One set of experts asserts that the schools are better than they have been for years. Others say that the schools are in terrible shape and are responsible for every national problem from urban poverty to the trade deficit.
One group experts looks primarily at such indicators as test scores, and they cheer what they see: all the indicators—reading scores, minimum competency test results, the scholastic aptitude test. scores—are up，some by substantial margins. Students are required to take more academic courses— more mathematics and science, along with greater stress on basic skills, including knowledge of computers. More than 40 state legislatures have mandated such changes.
But in the eyes of another set of school reformers such changes are at best superficial and at worst counterproductive. These experts say that merely toughening requirements without either improving the quality of instruction or even more important, changing the way schools are organized and children are taught makes the schools worse rather than better. They challenge the nature of the tests, mostly multiple choice or true or false, by which children’s progress is measured; they charge that raising the test scores by drilling pupils to come up with the right answers does not improve knowledge, understanding and the capacity to think logically and independently. In addition, these critics fear that the get-tough approach to school reform will cause more of the youngsters at the bottom to give up and drop out. This, they say, may improve national scores but drain even further the nation's pool of educated people.
The way to cut through the confusion is to understand the different yardsticks used by different observers.
Compared with what schools used to be like “in the good old days”，with lots of drill and uniform requirements, and the expectation that many youngsters who could not make it would drop out and find their way into unskilled jobs—by those yardsticks the schools have measurably improved in recent years.
But by the yardsticks of those experts who believe that the old school was deficient in teaching the skills needed in the modern world, today's schools have not become better. These educators believe that rigid new mandates may actually have made the schools worse.
1
If the parents read the contradictory reports about the state of the public schools, they will _____.
A.
have a clearer understanding of the education provided by the public schools
B.
realize the disadvantages of the education provided by the public schools
C.
be greatly confused and not know which side to believe
D.
not believe that public schools should be responsible for every national problem
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
第1段第1句说“读一读那些互相对立的有关公共学校现状的报告，可能会让学生家长患上严重的精神分裂症”,然后列举了专家们的两种不同看法，也就是说两种看法让家长们感到困惑，不知道该相信哪种说 法,故选C。
2
In the eyes of the first group of experts mentioned in the second paragraph, ____.
A.
academic courses are more important than basic skills
B.
every state legislature should mandate the changes
C.
students should take academic courses and learn basic skills
D.
the increase of test scores can show that public schools are better than before
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
第1段第2句提到第一类专家对目前的学校及教育持乐观态度，再结合第2段第1句，不难看出这类专家
是根据考试分数来断定公共学校进步了，故选D。文中并没有提到这些专家认为分数比基本技能重要，也没有说他们认为立法机关应做一些改变，所以排除A、B。C所述是立法机关所要求的，非这类专家的看法。
3
It can be inferred from the third paragraph that school reformers are convinced that _____.
A.
the way schools are organized and children are taught at present is good enough
B.
enabling pupils to raise their test scores can improve their logical thinking
C.
the present testing system can not measure either the students’ progress or actual ability
D.
toughening requirements can help to produce more educated people
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
首先需了解school reformers对公共学校的教育现状不那么乐观，同时他们对立法机关制定的规章表示质疑，了解他们的这一态度后A、B、D都可以排除。根据第3段第3句中的“训练学生找到正确答案并以此提高考试成绩,并不能让学生增长知识、加强理解、提髙他们的逻辑思维和独立思维能力”，可知C符合题意。
4
The word “yardstick” (Line 3，Para. 5)most possibly means “”.
A.
measuring standard
B.
method of school reform
C.
judgment
D.
logic thinking?
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
根据文章第5段“学校要求学生进行大量的训练以及穿制服，不能胜任学习任务的年轻人可以辍学去从事无特殊技能要求的工作”被用来作为说明学校进步与否的依据，也就是说被当作一种衡量标准，故答案为 A。C“判断;评价”有一定干扰性，但是破折号之前的内容并不是有关判断、评价，因此可以排除。
5
The passage mainly ____.
A.
compares the old schools and the present schools
B.
shows contradictory views about the state of public schools
C.
tells why parents can easily become schizophrenic
D.
displays how school reform is carried out
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
文章用较大篇幅阐释两类专家看法，并对两种看法进行比较，所以答案为B。C中提及家长的反应只是在开篇作为引子引出专家的说法;A、D涉及的内容只是在文章稍有涉及，并未做深入的讨论。
Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are they’ll say, “Success.” The dream of individual opportunity has been at home in American since Europeans discovered a “new world” in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a classless society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers: in Letters from an American Fanner (1782) he wrote, “We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束的）and unrestrained, because each person works for himself... We have no princes, for whom we toil (干苦力活)，starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.” The promise of a land where “the rewards of a man’s industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories.
Our national mythology (神话）is full of illustrations of the American success story. There’s Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from modest origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American’s best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The notion of success haunts us: we spend millions every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down，” and “dressing for success.” The myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships: today it’s as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthood as it is to come out on top in business.
But dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it ”also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success inevitably implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in status symbols: we try to live in the “right” neighborhoods, wear the “right” clothes, eat the “right” foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.
6
What is the essence of the American Dream according to Crevecoeur?
A.
People are free to develop their power of imagination.
B.
People who are honest and work hard can succeed.
C.
People are free from exploitation and oppression.
D.
People can fully enjoy individual freedom.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
第1段第3、4句讲到，Crevecoeur高度评价了新世界的自由和机会，在那里人人都能通过诚实和辛勤工作获得成功。由此可推断B正确。文中只是讲Crevecoeur的描述激发了很多读者的想象力，A是对原文的误解。C、D过度推断了 Crevecoeur在《美国农民书信》上讲的话。
7
By saying “the rewards of a man's industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor" (Lines 9-10, Para. 1)， the author means ____.
A.
the more diligent one is， the bigger his returns
B.
laborious work ensures the growth of an industry
C.
a man’s business should be developed step by step
D.
a company’s success depends on its employees’ hard work
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
此题解题关键在于理解industry—词，它在句中指“勤劳”，引言部分指付出了多少劳动，就得到与努力相应的报酬，这与该段第4句所讲的“人人都能通过诚实和辛勤工作获得成功”相呼应，因此案为A。
8
The characters described in Horatio Alger's novels are people who ____.
A.
succeed in real estate Investment
B.
earned enormous fortunes by chances
C.
became wealthy after starting life very poor
D.
became famous despite their modest origins
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
第2段第2句讲到Benjamin Franklin出自贫寒之家，却成为了著名的科学家、哲学家和政治家。第3句中的rags-to-riches tales指“穷人变富人的故事”，由此推断Horatio Alger书中的人物是从贫穷变富裕的，选C。
9
It can be inferred from the last sentence of the second paragraph that ____.
A.
business success often contributes to a successful marriage
B.
Americans wish to succeed in every aspect of life
C.
good personal relationships lead to business success
D.
successful business people provide good care for their children
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
第2段最后一句话讲到，成功的神话甚至已经入侵到人际关系上,婚姻和为人父母上的成功与事业上的成功一样重要。由此可推断，成功的概念已渗透到生活的方方面面，因此答案为B。其他选项文中都没有提到。
10
What is the paradox of American culture according to the author?
A.
The American road to success is full of nightmares.
B.
Status symbols are not a real indicator of a person’s wealth.
C.
The American Dream is nothing but an empty dream.
D.
What American strive after often contradicts their beliefs.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
最后一段讲到美国梦容易变成噩梦，在这个神话的压力下，人们沉浸于身份的区分。最后一句说“我们在坚定地信奉人人基本平等的同时，也在尽可能地努力把自己和其他人区分开来”，由此可得出结论：美国人的 行为和信奉有所差别。所以答案应是D。
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