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The direct rays of the sun touch the equator and strike northward toward the Tropic of Cancer. In the Southern hemisphere winter has begun, and it is summer north of the equator. The sea and air grow warmer, the polar air of winter begins its gradual retreat
The northward shift of the sun also brings the season of tropical cyclones to the northern hemisphere, a season that is ending for the Pacific and India Oceans south of the equator. Along our coasts and those of Asia, it is time to look seaward, to guard against the season's storms. Over the pacific, the tropical cyclone season is never quite over, but varies in intensity. Every year, conditions east of the Philippines send a score of violent storms howling toward Asia, but it is worst from June through October. Southwest of Mexico, a few Pacific hurricanes will grow during spring and summer, but most will die at sea or perish over the desert or the lower California coast as squalls.
Along our Atlantic and Gulf coasts, the hurricane season is from June to November. In an average year, there are fewer than ten tropical cyclones and six of them will develop into hurricanes. These will kill 50 to 100 persons between Texas and Maine and cause property damage of more than $100 million. If the year is worse than average, we will suffer several hundred deaths, and property damage will run to billions of dollars.
Tornadoes, floods, and severe storms are in season elsewhere on the continent. Now, to these destructive forces must be added the hazard of the hurricane. From the National Hurricane Center in Miami, a radar fence reaches westward to Texas and northward to New England. It provides a 200-mile look into offshore disturbances. In Maryland, the giant computers of the National Meteorological Center digest the myriad bits of data-atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, surface winds, and winds aloft-received from weather stations and ships monitoring the atmospheric setting each hour, every day. Cloud photographs from spacecraft orbiting the earth are received in Maryland and are studied for the telltale spiral on the warming sea. The crew of United States aircraft over the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, and Atlantic watch the sky and wait for the storm that will bear a person’s name. The machinery of early warning vibrates with new urgency as the season of great storms begins.
1
The cyclone season of the Southern hemisphere ______.
A.
is brought by the polar air of winter
B.
ends when winter comes to the Southern hemisphere
C.
virtually lasts throughout the year
D.
begins when the sun rays strike the Tropic of Cancer
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
从首段和第2段首句的描述可以知道，南北半球的气候相反，当南半球进入冬季、热带气旋季节结束的时候，北半球却是夏季、热带气旋季节开始的时候，辨清了这些事实，就不难判断选项B为本题答案。
2
What is true about the storms howling towards Asia?
A.
They originate over the Pacific.
B.
They influence Southeast Asia most violently.
C.
They mainly grow during spring and summer.
D.
They usually perish off coast.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
第2段第3?5句说的是太平洋沿岸热带气旋的形成和影响，而且，如果稍有地理知识的话，就知道菲律宾东部也在太平洋上，结合第3、4句的内容就可以推断选项A为正确的说法。选项B没有原文依据；选项C和D 都是第2段第5句提到的内容，是关于墨西哥西南部的飓风的，与亚洲的暴风无关。
3
When the Pacific hurricanes reach the lower California, most of them will _____.
A.
reduce their intensity
B.
increase their intensity
C.
cause much property damage
D.
result in great rain and floods
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
从第2段末句中的die和perish可以知道，多数太平洋飓风的强度会减弱并最终消逝，虽然句末的squalls一词为超纲词,但这不影响对全句的理，而且，从die和perish也可推断，squalls应该是强度不如hurricanes的暴风，由此可见，选项A为正确的说法。
4
What can we learn about the National Hurricane Center in Miami?
A.
It mainly provides protection against hurricanes to Texas and New England.
B.
It warns the whole country against tornadoes, severe storms and hurricanes.
C.
It consists of radars along the coast of the west and the north of U.S.
D.
It supervises the coastal areas stretching from Texas to New England.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
从末段第3句可以知道国家飓风中心的监测范围，第4句指出国家飓风中心主要监测的是海面的情况，结合这两句，即可知道选项D正确。选项A所表示的范围过小了，两选项B正好相反，范围过大；选项C中的the west and the north of U.S.(美国的西部和北部)与原文的westward to Texas and northward to New England所指的地点是不同的。
5
The passage discusses most clearly about _____.
A.
the factors that cause hurricanes
B.
the most risky areas that suffer hurricanes
C.
the early warning system against hurricanes
D.
the remedies for property damage by hurricanes
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
末段提到了国家飓风中心和国家气象中心，说明了美国为了预警飓风所采取的措施，由此可见，选项C在文中是有清楚说明的。
In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror—the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.
According to a weather expert’s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth’s chief food-growing zones.
In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.
Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.
However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?
One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or “colder" faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth’s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.
Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia（惯性）of the earth’s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun's diminishing heat.
6
It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ______.
A.
prevent the sun's rays from reaching the earth's surface
B.
mean a warming up in the Arctic
C.
cause great climate changes in the northern hemisphere
D.
raise the temperature the earth's surface
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
从第1段对二氧化碳造成温室效应的原理描述，即可判断本题答案为D项。根据第4段第3句“这种情况符合二氧化碳使地球变暖的理论”也可判断D项符合题意。此外，本题也可以根据有关湿室效应的常识求解。
7
The article was written to explain _____.
A.
the greenhouse effect
B.
the solar effects on the earth
C.
the models of solar-weather interactions
D.
the causes affecting weather
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
文章前半部分（前四段）讲燃烧产生二氧化碳使地球产生温室效应，后半部分(后三段）讲太阳对地球的影响使地球温度降低。尤其值得注意的是第5段提出的问题Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?使我们推断出本文旨在解释影响气候变化的原因。故D项为正确答案。
8
Why is the fuel consumption greater in the northern hemisphere, but temperatures there seem to be falling?
A.
Mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising.
B.
Possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting.
C.
Because the inertia of the earth’s climate take effect.
D.
Partly because in the output of solar energy varies.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
从第5段最后一句给出的设问可知，第6段的首句是考点之所在，即：“一种可能性（自然因素)是变化无常的太阳活动。”由此可以判断，D项的内容符合题意。A项说的是人为的因素，即温室效应。事实上，A项和D项是作为两个影响气候的对立因素出现的，同时也是本文论及的两个分话题，由此也可以直接判断D项为正确答案。
9
On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that _____.
A.
the climate of the world should be becoming cooler
B.
it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth’s climate to take effect
C.
the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects
D.
the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
最后一段的第2句提到“科学家们研究的结果应该是地球进入新的冰川时期，然而却没有出现这种情况”，这与A项的内容吻合。D项为本题的强干扰项，根据文章，该项的含义正确。但就本题而言，题干针对的是 models(模型)，因而判断范围只能针对solar-weather interactions,即太阳的作用。
10
If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct, _____.
A.
the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to bum more fuels
B.
ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere
C.
the increased levels of carbon dioxide could warm up the earth quickly
D.
the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earth
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
文章最后一句中的a useful counter-balance是指有益的抵消作用，即二氧化碳产生的热效应可以抵消太阳热量减少使地球变冷的倾向，这对地球的热量平衡是有利的。这与D项的内容相吻合。
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