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International trade fairs have become extremely important venues for conducting business, yet very few domestically based sales organizations have an understanding of how to take advantage of the opportunities that these shows present. Unlike U.S. trade shows, at which there is an open display of one’s goods and services and a lot of looking but no buying, a European trade show is relatively closed and only open to those who are there to conduct business. The U.S. company often will spend a lot of money to set up an open display with charming sales people with little seniority or authority. The exhibit is saying, in effect, everyone and anyone is welcome but do not ask too many questions or expect to conduct any serious business. A comparable German exhibit will be more like a fortress where savvy gatekeepers will quickly weed out all but the most important clients who, once allowed into the inner sanctum, will meet directly with senior managers. The message that this exhibit is sending out is that only very special people are welcome and that is its privilege to be allowed to stay.
In some societies, the first thing people care about is quality (“Is it the best?”); in other societies, the first thing on a customer's mind is the cost(“How cheap is it?"); and in other countries, the concern is style (“How does it look?”). The color, size, and quantity of items need to be considered in the packaging of any product. The color blue is for funerals in some countries, smaller items are preferred over large items, and number of items in a package can be critical. For example, a golf ball manufacturer unknowingly packaged their golf balls in groups of four and then set 50,000 units to their Asian distributor who promptly sent them all back, advising the manufacturer to repackage the golf in packages of three. In many of the countries where the golf balls were to be distributed, the number 4 was equated with death whereas the number 3 is symbolic of long life. For golfers who are known to be superstitious, the number of golf balls in each package was more important to the distributor than the quality of the product.
1
The author may most probably agree that the U.S. trade shows are _____.
A.
unsatisfactorily-conducted
B.
businessman-targeted
C.
delicately-decorated
D.
profit-oriented
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
从首段第3句中的spend a lot of money及charming sales people可以看出美国的交易会着重的是会场的布置，而非对产品的专业介绍，由此可见，C最适合用于形容美国的交易会。
2
By comparing the U.S. trade shows and the European ones, the author means to ____.
A.
indicate the advantages of the European trade shows
B.
show the different opportunities provided by the trade shows
C.
prove different people’s preference for different trade shows
D.
emphasize the importance of international trade shows
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
作者在首段分别描述了美国和欧洲商品交易会的举办形式，目的是为了说明该段首句的观点，而在首句中，作者要强调的是yet引出的转折句，由此可见，我们可以将首句当作观点，而其他句子是支持该观点的句子，因此，B是作者的写作目的。
3
The gatekeepers of the German exhibits can best be described as “____”.
A.
restrained
B.
shrewd
C.
modest
D.
decent
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
本题事实上是一道词汇题，考查对savvy—词的词义推断。从上下文来看,此处的savvy gatekeepers与美国商品交易会里的charming sales people with little seniority or authority形成对比，美国交易会上的销售人员没有经验、不够精明，而欧洲交易会却相反，连看门人都很精明，能从众人中快速挑出最重要的顾客，因此，最能形容看门人的词是B(精明的)。
4
The golf balls were sent back to the manufacturer because .
A.
the distributor was ignorant of the symbolic meaning of numbers
B.
the golfer wanted them to be repackaged
C.
the manufacturer didn’t consider the quantity of items when packaging
D.
the distributor was not able to sell them all
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
从第2段第4句开头的For example可以知道关于髙尔夫球的例子是用于支持前一句的观点，而从例子的具体内容(其中的数字)可知C正确。
5
It can be inferred from the passage that, when conducting business, one should _____.
A.
put the quality of the product before any other factors
B.
realize the importance of international trade fairs
C.
employ professional and experienced sales people
D.
take people’s different beliefs into account
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
作者在第1段提到美国和欧洲交易会的不同，在第2段提到不同的社会群体对产品有不同的要求，综合来看可以知道作者的观点是不同的市场对产品的要求不同，选项D就表达了这个观点，由此也可看出，本题其实是主旨题，需要通篇考虑才能做出正确的选择。
The health-care economy is filled with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understood involves the peculiar roles of producer or “provider” and purchaser or “consumer” in the typical doctor-patient relationship. In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to attract a potential buyer with various inducements of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. Such condition, however, does not prevail in most of the health-care industry.
In the health-care industry, the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician—and even then there may be no real choice—it is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return “next Wednesday”, whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. It is a rare and sophisticated patient who will challenge such professional decisions or raise in advance questions about price, especially when the disease is regarded as serious.
This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be discharged. The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in the main it is the doctor’s judgments that are final. Little wonder then that in the eye of the hospital it is the physician who is the real “consumer.” As a consequence, the medical staff represents the “power center” in hospital policy and decision-making, not the administration.
Although usually there are in this situation four identifiable participants—the physician, the hospital, the patient, and the payer (generally an insurance carrier or government)—the physician makes the essential decisions for all of them. The hospital becomes an extension of the physician; the payer generally meets most of the bills generated by the physician/hospital, and for the most part the patient plays a passive role. We estimate that about 75-80 percent of health-care expenditures are determined by physician. For this reason, the economy directed at patients or the general is relatively ineffective.
6
What’s the author's main purpose in writing this passage?
A.
To criticize doctors for exercising too much control over patients.
B.
To analyze some important economic factors in health-care.
C.
To urge hospitals to reclaim their decision-making authority.
D.
To inform potential patients of their health-care rights.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
文章首段表明本文将要讨论卫生保健行业中医生和病人的特殊经济关系，其余三段分析了这种经济关系的特别之处，由此可见，选项B可以概括本文主题，故为本题答案。
7
In the health-care industry, the patients _____.
A.
perform the rote of being “providers”
B.
decide which physician to consult
C.
never raise questions about price
D.
never consult with the doctors
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
第2段首句中的mirror image表明医患关系与传统的生产者—消费者的关系相反，即医生充当消费者的角色，而患者充当生产者的角色，结合首段第2句中指出的生产者即供应者，可以推断选项A为本题答案。
8
According to the author, when a doctor tells a patient to "return next Wednesday", the doctor is in effect _____.
A.
instructing the patient to buy more medical services
B.
warning the patient that a hospital stay might be necessary
C.
advising the patient to seek a second opinion
D.
admitting that the initial visit was ineffective
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
在第2段第2句中，三个whether引出的例子是为了说明冒号前的“通常是由医生做出所有重要的购买决定”。选项中只有A与“购买”有关，故为本题答案。
9
Doctors are able to determine hospital policies most probably because ____.
A.
it is doctors who generate income for the hospital
B.
a doctor is ultimately responsible for a patient’s health
C.
most of the patients don’t challenge the doctor’s decisions
D.
the administration doesn’t know about medicine as much as doctors
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
第3段末句开头的As a consequence表明医护人员能够决定医院政策的原因在前一句有提到，前一句指出医生才是真正的“消费者”，即医生才是给医院带来收入的人，由此可见，选项A为本题答案。
10
The author is most probably leading up to _____.
A.
an analysis of the role of the hospital administration
B.
a study of lawsuits against doctors’ malpractice
C.
a discussion of a new medical treatment
D.
a proposal to control medical costs
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
原文主要分析了医生和病人之间特殊的经济关系，末段最后两句指出大部分卫生保健费用由医生决定，正因为如此，这样的体制显得ineffective。由此可以推断，作者接下来会提出对这种体制进行改革，选项D与此最为接近。
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