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When the right person is holding the right job at the right moment, that person's influence is greatly expanded. That is the position in which Janet Yellen, who is expected to be confirmed as the next chair of the Federal Reserve Bank (Fed). in January, now finds herself. If you believe, as many do, that unemployment is the major economic and social concern of our day, then it is no stretch to think Yellen is the most powerful person in the world right now.
Throughout the 2008 financial crisis and the recession and recovery that followed, central banks have taken on the role of stimulators of last resort, holding up the global economy with vast amounts of money in the form of asset buying. Yellen, previously a Fed vice chair, was one of the principal architects of the Fed's $ 3.8 trillion money dump. A star economist known for her groundbreaking work on labor markets, Yellen was a kind of prophetess early on in the crisis for her warnings about the subprime (次级债) meltdown. Now it will be her job to get the Fed and the markets out of the biggest and most unconventional monetary program in history without derailing the fragile recovery. The good news is that Yellen, 67, is particularly well suited to meet these challenges. She has a keen understanding of financial markets, an appreciation for their imperfections and a strong belief that human suffering was more related to unemployment than anything else.
Some experts worry that Yellen will be inclined to chase unemployment to the neglect of inflation.
But with wages still relatively flat and the economy increasingly divided between the well-off and the long-term unemployed, more people worry about the opposite, deflation (通货紧缩) that would aggravate the economy's problems.
Either way, the incoming Fed chief will have to walk a fine line in slowly ending the stimulus. It must be steady enough to deflate bubbles (去泡沫) and bring markets back down to earth but not so quick that it creates another credit crisis.
Unlike many past Fed leaders, Yellen is not one to buy into the finance industry's argument that it should be left alone to regulate itself. She knows all along the Fed has been too slack on regulation of finance. Yellen is likely to address the issue right after she pushes unemployment below 6%, stabilizes markets and makes sure that the recovery is more inclusive and robust. As Princeton Professor Alan Blinder says, "She's smart as a whip, deeply logical, willing to argue but also a good listener. She can persuade without creating hostility." All those traits will be useful as the global economy's new power player takes on its most annoying problems.
1
What do many people think is the biggest problem facing Janet Yellen?
A.
Lack of money.
B.
Subprime crisis.
C.
Unemployment.
D.
Social instability.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节辨认题。NN-P0的many people和the biggest problem 定位到文章首段第三句。定位句指出，很多人都认为problem定位到首段第三句。失业是这个时代主要的经济和社会关注点，故答案为C。
2
What did Yellen help the Fed do to tackle the 2008 financial crisis?
A.
Take effective measures to curb inflation.
B.
Deflate the bubbles in the American economy.
C.
Formulate policies to help financial institutions.
D.
Pour money into the market through asset buying.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推理判断题。由题干中的the 2008 financial crisis和人物关键词Yellen定位到第二段前两句。定位句指出，在2008年经济危机及随后的衰退和复苏期间，中央银行通过资产买卖的方式擎起全球经济，而耶伦又帮助美联储聚集了巨额资金。综合分析，可以推断出耶伦帮助美联储通过资产买卖向市场注入资金，故答案为D。
3
What is a greater concern of the general public?
A.
Recession.
B.
Deflation.
C.
Inequality.
D.
Income.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理判断题。根据题干中的greater concern和the general public定位到第四段第二句。由第四段第一句可知，一些专家担心耶伦会忽视通货膨胀问题，而定位句反驳了这一观点，指出更多人担心的恰恰与之相反，即由于薪金相对比较固定，以及富人和长期失业者的经济差距不断加大，通货紧缩才是主要问题，故答案为B。
4
What is Yellen likely to do in her position as the Fed chief?
A.
Develop a new monetary program.
B.
Restore public confidence.
C.
Tighten financial regulation.
D.
Reform the credit system.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
推理判断题。由题干中的the Fed chief以及题文同序原则定位到第六段。定位段指出，耶伦不相信金融行业能够自我规范运行，她认为美联储在监管方面过于松弛。而随后的第七段首句也指出，她即将着手解决这一问题，故可推知她将要加紧金融制度，故答案为C。
5
How does Alan Blinder portray Yellen?
A.
She possesses strong persuasive power.
B.
She has confidence in what she is doing.
C.
She is one of the world's greatest economists.
D.
She is the most powerful Fed chief in history.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推理判断题。由题干中的Alan Blinder定位到最后一段。定位段指出，艾伦·布朗德认为耶伦十分聪明，很有逻辑，乐于争辩也善于倾听，同时还能够在不让对方产生敌意的情况下劝服别人，可见她有很强的说服力，故答案为A。
Air pollution is deteriorating in many places around the world. The fact that public parks in cities become crowded as soon as the sun shines proves that people long to breathe in green, open spaces. They do not all know what they are seeking but they flock there, nevertheless. And, in these surroundings, they are generally both peaceful and peaceable. It is rare to see people fighting in a garden. Perhaps struggle unfolds first, not at an economic or social level, but over the appropriation of air, essential to life itself. If human beings can breathe and share air, they don't need to struggle with one another.
Unfortunately, in our western tradition, neither materialist nor idealist theoreticians give enough consideration to this basic condition for life. As for politicians, despite proposing curbs on environmental pollution, they have not yet called for it to be made a crime. Wealthy countries are even allowed to pollute if they pay for it.
But is our life worth anything other than money? The plant world shows us in silence what faithfulness to life consists of. It also helps us to a new beginning, urging us to care for our breath, not only at a vital but also at a spiritual level. The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is that which exists between ourselves and the plant world. Often described as "the lungs of the planet", the woods that cover the earth offer us the gift of breathable air by releasing oxygen. But their capacity to renew the air polluted by industry has long reached its limit. If we lack the air necessary for a healthy life, it is because we have filled it with chemicals and undercut the ability of plants to regenerate it. As we know, rapid deforestation combined with the massive burning of fossil fuels is an explosive recipe for an irreversible disaster.
The fight over the appropriation of resources will lead the entire planet to hell unless humans learn to share life, both with each other and with plants. This task is simultaneously ethical and political because can be discharged only when each takes it upon herself or himself and only when it is accomplished together with others. The lesson taught by plants is that sharing life expands and enhances the sphere of the living, while dividing life into so-called natural or human resources diminishes it. We must come to view the air, the plants and ourselves as the contributors to the preservation of life and growth, rather than a web of quantifiable objects or productive potentialities at our disposal. Perhaps then we would finally begin to live, rather than being concerned with bare survival.
6
What does the author assume might be the primary reason that people would struggle with each other?
A.
To get their share of clean air.
B.
To pursue a comfortable life.
C.
To gain a higher social status.
D.
To seek economic benefits.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节辨认题。由题干中的struggle定位到首段最后两句。定位句明确指出，争斗最初发生不是在经济或者社会层面，而是在对空气占有方面。如果人类能够呼吸和分享空气，也许就不会再彼此争斗，故答案为A。
7
What does the author accuse western politicians of?
A.
Depriving common people of the right to clean air.
B.
Giving priority to theory rather than practical action.
C.
Offering preferential treatment to wealthy countries.
D.
Failing to pass laws to curb environmental pollution.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推理判断题。由题干中的politicians定位到第二段第二句。由定位句可知，政治家们尽管建议控制环境污染，但并未要求将污染环境入罪，也就是说他们未能用法律手段限制环境污染，故答案为D。
8
What does the author try to draw our closest attention to?
A.
The massive burning of fossil fuels.
B.
Our relationship to the plant world.
C.
The capacity of plants to renew polluted air.
D.
Large-scale deforestation across the world.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节辨认题。根据题干中的closest attention定位到第三段第四句。定位句明确指出，我们与植物世界相互依存，我们应该密切地关注这一点。换句话说，作者想要引起我们密切关注的是我们与植物世界相互依存的关系，故答案为B。
9
How can human beings accomplish the goal of protecting the planet according to the author?
A.
By showing respect for plants.
B.
By preserving all forms of life.
C.
By tapping all natural resources.
D.
By pooling their efforts together.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推理判断题。由题干中的accomplish及planet定位到第四段前两句。定位句说明，争夺资源的斗争会将我们的星球带入地狱，除非人类懂得相互之间、与植被之间分享生活，这一任务只有在每一个人都承担起责任并且大家共同承担时才能完成，可见要保护地球必须集合众人的努力，故答案为D。
10
What does the author suggest we do in order not just to survive?
A.
Expand the sphere of living.
B.
Develop nature's potentials.
C.
Share life with nature.
D.
Allocate the resources.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
推理判断题。由题干中的just to survive和题文同序原则定位到最后一段。由定位段可知，分享生活可以拓展生命空间，提升生命层次，我们要将空气、植被和我们自己均视为保护生命和成长的贡献者，而不是任由我们支配量化物品和生产潜能的网络，综合看来，与自然分享生命是实现生活层次提升至生存这一标准以上的根本途径，故答案为C。
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