首页
在线考试
章节闯关
谁正在考试
学习应用
听写训练
背单词
情景会话
口语模仿
擂台赛
每日英语
资料下载
作文批改
注册
您的位置：
在线考试首页
>
章节闯关
>
英语六级
>
阅读理解
>
历年真题
>
第10关
00:00:00
已做
0
项(正确
0
项，错误做
0
项)/共10项，剩余
10
项未作答
结束作答
答案解析
上一题
下一题
返回
阅读理解
收藏
纠错
The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year heralded a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world's nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃.
This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.
Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate "free-riders": causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate change's impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.
On the flip side, there are many "forced riders", who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world's most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.
The Paris agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing "climate justice" can be best described as sketchy.
The goal of keeping global temperature rise "well below" 2℃ is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.
More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.
The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.
And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.
1
The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because _____
A.
it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nations
B.
it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ only
C.
it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countries
D.
it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
事实细节题。文章开篇引出了《巴黎气候协议》这个话题，但在第二段和第三、四段重点分析了世界上目前存在的气候问题上的不公平。第五段前半句说到《巴黎气候协议》广受好评，但后半句话锋一转，指出它在“气候公平”问题上没有足够的针对性，所以这对于易受气候影响的国家还是不够公平，故答案为A。
2
Why does the author call some developed countries climate "free-riders"?
A.
They needn't worry about the food and water they consume.
B.
They are better able to cope with the global climate change.
C.
They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused.
D.
They are free from the greenhouse effects affecting "forced riders".
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
事实细节题。定位句指出，少数发达国家在碳排放方面责任最大，但是因气候变化而付出的代价却较小，作者在随后一句中解释说，他们因消费矿物燃料而受益，却对气候变化带来的问题没有负相应的责任，这与搭便车者相似，受益而不付出什么代价。可见，作者的意思是指他们几乎不需要为他们所引发的问题负责，故答案为C。
3
Why does the author compare the "forced riders" to second-hand smokers?
A.
They have little responsibility for public health problems.
B.
They are vulnerable to unhealthy environmental conditions.
C.
They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.
D.
They are unaware of the potential risks they are confronting.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
事实细节题。定位句指出，气候问题上的那些“被迫上车的乘客”，排放很少，受气候变化影响却很大，而吸二手烟的人，自己没有吸烟，却因为吸二手烟罹患疾病，两者的相似之处显然在于，他们都是在承受自己不应为之负责的后果，故答案为C。
4
What does the author say about the $100 billion funding?
A.
It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.
B.
There is no final agreement on where it will come from.
C.
There is no clarification of how the money will be spent.
D.
It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理判断题。定位句指出，对于到底由谁来提供这笔资金，尤为重要的是谁应为他们的准备金负责，协议中细节不足。可以推知关于这一千亿美金的来源，还没有达成最后的协议，故答案为B。
5
What urgent action must be taken to realise the Paris climate agreement?
A.
Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative.
B.
Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts.
C.
Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus.
D.
Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推理判断题。《巴黎气候协议》就是要实现各国的减排，同时帮助最易受损的国家适应气候变化，作者在定位句中明确指出，最为急需的措施就是有效地启动协议中提出的这些政策，故答案为D。
Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon (霓虹灯) sign. Their risky behaviors—drinking too much alcohol, using illegal drugs, smoking cigarettes and skipping school—can alert parents and teachers that serious problems are brewing.
But a new study finds that there's another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same psychiatric symptoms: teens who use tons of media, don't get enough sleep and have a sedentary (不爱活动的) lifestyle.
Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme who are truly in jeopardy. Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been dubbed the "invisible risk" group by the study's authors.
"In some ways they're at greater risk of falling through the cracks," says researcher Vladimir Carli. "While most parents, teachers and clinicians would react to an adolescent using drugs or getting drunk, they may easily overlook teenagers who are engaging in inconspicuous behaviors."
The study's authors surveyed 12,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors, including excessive alcohol use, illegal drug use, heavy smoking, high media use and truancy (逃学). Their aim was to determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers.
About 58% of the students demonstrated none or few of the risk behaviors. Some 13% scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors. And 29%, the "invisible risk" group, scored high on three in particular: They spent five hours a day or more on electronic devices. They slept six hours a night or less. And they neglected "other healthy activities."
The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, compared with just 4% of the low-risk group. But the invisible group wasn't far behind the high-risk set, with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression.
The findings caught Carli off guard."We were very surprised," he says. "The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious. But this third group was not only unexpected, it was so distinct and so large—nearly one third of our sample—that it became a key finding of the study."
Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early-warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identification, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders.
6
What does the author mean by saying "Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon sign" (Lines 1-2, Para.1) ?
A.
Mental problems can now be found in large numbers of teenagers.
B.
Teenagers' mental problems are getting more and more attention.
C.
Teenagers' mental problems are often too conspicuous not to be observed.
D.
Depression and anxiety are the most common symptoms of mental problems.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
语义理解题。定位句说到，有精神健康问题的青少年常常将其问题表现得如同霓虹灯标识一样，而随后说到了具体的表现形式有酗酒、使用违禁药品、逃学等，并指出这些行为会引起家长和教师的警惕，可见文中说到这些青少年将问题表现得如霓虹灯标识一样是为了说明这些表现形式很明显，难以被忽视，故答案为C。
7
What is the finding of the new study?
A.
Teenagers' lifestyles have changed greatly in recent years.
B.
Many teenagers resort to drugs or alcohol for mental relief.
C.
Teenagers experiencing psychological problems tend to use a lot of media.
D.
Many hitherto unobserved youngsters may have psychological problems.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推理判断题。由定位句及之前有关研究发现的段落可知，所谓的隐形风险组在精神问题的表现形式上与传统的高风险组不同，但是在罹患精神疾病的概率方面与高风险组相差无几，这个组别是大家始料未及的，特征明显、人数众多，这个新发现的精神健康问题组群成为了该研究的核心发现，故答案为D。
8
Why do the researchers refer to teens who use tons of media, don't get enough sleep and have a sedentary lifestyle as the "invisible risk" group?
A.
Their behaviors can be an invisible threat to society.
B.
Their behaviors do not constitute a warning signal.
C.
Their behaviors do not tend towards mental problems.
D.
Their behaviors can be found in almost all teenagers on earth.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理判断题。定位句指出，所谓“隐形风险”组的人，其行为表现通常不被视为危险信号，而在第四段末句也提到家长和教师很容易忽视那些具有这些难以察觉的行为的青少年，可见作者将他们称为“隐形风险”组的原因是他们的行为往往不被视为警示信号，故答案为B。
9
What does the new study find about the invisible group?
A.
They are almost as liable to depression as the high-risk group.
B.
They suffer from depression without showing any symptoms.
C.
They do not often demonstrate risky behaviors as their peers.
D.
They do not attract the media attention the high-risk group does.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推理判断题。定位句指出，隐形风险组与高风险组相差无几，前文提到高风险组罹患精神疾病的比例是15%，而隐形风险组的患病概率也已经达到13%，说明这个组别几乎和高风险组差不多一样容易患抑郁症，故答案为A。
10
What is the significance of Vladimir Carli's study?
A.
It offers a new treatment for psychological problems among teenagers.
B.
It provides new early-warning signals for identifying teens in trouble.
C.
It may have found an ideal way to handle teenagers with behavioral problems.
D.
It sheds new light on how unhealthy behaviors trigger mental health problems.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
事实细节题。定位句指出，卡利认为他的研究最重要的一点是为家长、教师和精神保健服务人员提供新的早期警示信号，让他们尽早辨别出有问题的青少年，故答案为B。
我的笔记
最大支持140字
收藏
0
好题
0
烂题
0
提交纠错
请输入您发现的错误详情
用户：
