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Tennessee's technical and community colleges will not outsource (外包)management of their facilities to a private company, a decision one leader said was bolstered by an analysis of spending at each campus.
In an email sent Monday to college presidents in the Tennessee Board of Regents system, outgoing Chancellor John Morgan said an internal analysis showed that each campus' spending on facilities management fell well below the industry standards identified by the state. Morgan said those findings— which included data from the system's 13 community colleges, 27 technical colleges and six universities— were part of the decision not to move forward with Governor Bill Haslam's proposal to privatize management of state buildings in an effort to save money.
"While these numbers are still being validated by the state, we feel any adjustments they might suggest will be immaterial," Morgan wrote to the presidents. "System institutions are operating very efficiently based on this analysis, raising the question of the value of pursuing a broad scale outsourcing initiative. "
Workers' advocates have criticized Haslam's plan, saying it would mean some campus workers would lose their jobs or benefits. Haslam has said colleges would be free to opt in or out of the outsourcing plan, which has not been finalized.
Morgan notified the Haslam administration of his decision to opt out in a letter sent last week. That letter, which includes several concerns Morgan has with the plan, was originally obtained by The Commercial Appeal in Memphis.
In an email statement from the state's Office of Customer Focused Government, which is examining the possibility of outsourcing, spokeswoman Michelle R. Martin said officials were still working to analyze the data from the Board of Regents. Data on management expenses at the college system and in other state departments will be part of a "business justification" the state will use as officials deliberate the specifics of an outsourcing plan.
"The state's facilities management project team is still in the process of developing its business justification and expects to have that completed and available to the public at the end of February," Martin said. "At this time there is nothing to take action on since the analysis has yet to be completed. " Morgan's comments on outsourcing mark the second time this month that he has come out against one of Haslam's plans for higher education in Tennessee. Morgan said last week that he would retire at the end
of January because of the governor's proposal to split off six universities of the Board of Regents system and create separate governing boards for each of them. In his resignation letter, Morgan called the reorganization "unworkable. "
1
What do we learn about the decision of technical and community colleges in Tennessee?
A.
It is backed by a campus spending analysis.
B.
It has been flatly rejected by the governor.
C.
It has neglected their faculty's demands.
D.
It will improve their financial situation.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
由题干中的decision和technical and community colleges in Tennessee 定位到文章首段。推理判断题。定位段指出,田纳西州的技术学院和社区学院不会将其设施的管理外包给一家私人公司。句中的a decision是同位语,指代前面整句话,由此可以推出,田纳西州的技术学院和社区学院的决定就是不会将其设施的管理外包给 一家私人公司,而紧跟在a decision之后的定语从句提到一份各个学院支出的分析报告支撑了该决定,原文中的bolstered和选项A中的backed是同义互换,由此可知,校园支出的分析报告支撑了田纳西州技术学院和社区学院的决定,故答案 为A。
2
What does the campus spending analysis reveal?
A.
Private companies play a big role in campus management.
B.
Facilities management by colleges is more cost-effective.
C.
Facilities management has greatly improved in recent years.
D.
Colleges exercise full control over their own financial affairs.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
由题干中的the campus spending analysis reveal定位到文章第二段第一句和第三段最后一句。推理判断题。定位句分别指出:内部分析显示,各所院校的设施管理支出都远低于该州规定的行业标准;基于该分析,系统内的院校正在高效运营,这令人质疑执行大规模外包计划的价值。 由此可知,由院校自行管理设施比外包更为划算,故答案为B。
3
Workers' supporters argue that Bill Haslam's proposal would ______.
A.
deprive colleges of the right to manage their facilities
B.
make workers less motivated in performing duties
C.
render a number of campus workers jobless
D.
lead to the privatization of campus facilities
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
由题干中的Workers' supporters和Bill Haslam's proposal定位到文章第四段第一句。细节辨认题。定位句指出,工人利益的倡导者们批判哈斯拉姆的方案,称这将意味着一些校园工人将会失去其工作或福利,原文中的it指代主句中的Haslam's plan,而原文中的lose their jobs和选项C中的jobless是同义替换,故答案为 C。
4
What do we learn from the state spokeswoman's response to John Morgan's decision?
A.
The outsourcing plan is not yet finalized.
B.
The outsourcing plan will be implemented.
C.
The state officials are confident about the outsourcing plan.
D.
The college spending analysis justifies the outsourcing plan.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
由题干中的the state spokeswoman's response 和 John Morgan's decision 定位到文章第五段第一句、第六段第一句和第七段最后一句。推理判断题。第一个定位句指出,约翰·摩根的决定是退出外包计划;第二个定位句提到,该州发言人米歇尔·R ·马丁表示,政府官员仍在努力分析来自高等教育董事会的数据;第三个定位句指出,马丁认为目前还没有办法采取行动,因为对高等教育董事会的数据分析还没有完成。由此可知,马丁对摩根决定的回应是,外包计划还在商议中,仍未敲定,无需现在就决定退出,故答案为 A。
5
Why did John Morgan decide to resign?
A.
He had lost confidence in the Tennessee state government.
B.
He disagreed with the governor on higher education policies.
C.
He thought the state's outsourcing proposal was simply unworkable.
D.
He opposed the governor's plan to reconstruct the college board system.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
由题干中的John Morgan和resign定位到文章最后一段的最后两句。推理判断题。定位句指出,摩根上周表示,他将于一月底退休,因为州长提议拆分高等教育董事会系统里的六所大学,并为它们各自设立一个董事会,在他的辞职信中,摩根称重组“不可行”,由此可知,摩根辞职的原因是州长建议重组院校董事会系统,而摩根认为重组“不可行”,这表明他对州长的这项方案持反对态度,故答案为D。原文最后一段第一句提到他对外包计划的评论标志着他本月第二次公开反对哈斯拉姆的一项田纳西州高等教育方案,这只表明他和州长在一项高等教育的政策上有分歧,而不是反对州长所有的高等教育政策,可以排除B“他和州长在高等教育的政策上有分歧”。
Beginning in the late sixteenth century, it became fashionable for young aristocrats to visit Paris, Venice, Florence, and above all, Rome, as the culmination (终极)of their classical education. Thus was born the idea of the Grand Tour, a practice which introduced Englishmen, Germans, Scandinavians, and also Americans to the art and culture of France and Italy for the next 300 years. Travel was arduous and costly throughout the period, possible only for a privileged class—the same that produced gentlemen scientists, authors, antique experts, and patrons of the arts.
The Grand Tourist was typically a young man with a thorough grounding in Greek and Latin literature as well as some leisure time, some means, and some interest in art. The German traveler Johann Winckelmann pioneered the field of art history with his comprehensive study of Greek and Roman sculpture; he was portrayed by his friend Anton Raphael Mengs at the beginning of his long residence in Rome. Most Grand Tourists, however, stayed for briefer periods and set out with less scholarly intentions, accompanied by a teacher or guardian, and expected to return home with souvenirs of their travels as well as an understanding of art and architecture formed by exposure to great masterpieces.
London was a frequent starting point for Grand Tourists, and Paris a compulsory destination; many traveled to the Netherlands, some to Switzerland and Germany, and a very few adventurers to Spain, Greece, or Turkey. The essential place to visit, however, was Italy. The British traveler Charles Thompson spoke for many Grand Tourists when in 1744 he described himself as "being impatiently desirous of viewing a country so famous in history, a country which once gave laws to the world, and which is at present the greatest school of music and painting, contains the noblest productions of sculpture and architecture, and is filled with cabinets of rarities, and collections of all kinds of historical relics." Within Italy, the great focus was Rome, whose ancient ruins and more recent achievements were shown to every Grand Tourist. Panini's Ancient Rome and Modern Rome represent the sights most prized, including celebrated Greco-Roman statues and views of famous ruins, fountains, and churches. Since there were few museums anywhere in Europe before the close of the eighteenth century, Grand Tourists often saw paintings and sculptures by gaining admission to private collections, and many were eager to acquire examples of Greco-Roman and Italian art for their own collections. In England, where architecture was increasingly seen as an aristocratic pursuit, noblemen often applied what they learned from the villas of Palladio in the Veneto and the evocative (唤起回忆的)ruins of Rome to their own country houses and gardens.
6
What is said about the Grand Tour?
A.
It was fashionable among young people of the time.
B.
It was unaffordable for ordinary people.
C.
It produced some famous European artists.
D.
It made a compulsory part of college education.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
由题干中的the Grand Tour定位到文章首段。推理判断题。定位段末句指出,在整个期间,大陆游学的旅途充满艰辛且花费不菲,可能仅限于特权阶级。由此可知,因为花费过高,大陆游学只有贵族才能进行,普通人负担不起,故答案为 B。
7
What did Grand Tourists have in common?
A.
They had much geographic knowledge.
B.
They were courageous and venturesome.
C.
They were versed in literature and interested in art.
D.
They had enough travel and outdoor-life experience.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
由题干中的Grand Tourists和have in common定位到文章第二段第一句。细节辨认题。定位句指出,大陆游学旅行者通常是年轻人,他们不仅在希腊和拉丁文学方面有扎实的基础,还有一些闲暇时间,一些钱,以及一些对艺术的兴趣。由此可知,大陆游学旅行者们的一个共同点是他们都精通于希腊和拉丁文学,故答案为C。
8
How did Grand Tourists benefit from their travel?
A.
They found inspiration in the world's greatest masterpieces.
B.
They got a better understanding of early human civilization.
C.
They developed an interest in the origin of modern art forms.
D.
They gained some knowledge of classical art and architecture.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
由题干中的benefit from their travel定位到文章第二段最后一句。推理判断题。定位句指出,大陆游学旅行者们期望回家时会携带他们的旅行纪念品,以及拥有接触杰作所形成的对艺术和建筑的理解,由此可知,大陆游学旅行者们旅行的一大收益就是获得了一些古典艺术和建筑的知识,故答案为D。
9
Why did many Grand Tourists visit the private collections?
A.
They could buy unique souvenirs there to take back home.
B.
Europe hardly had any museums before the 19th century.
C.
They found the antiques there more valuable.
D.
Private collections were of greater variety.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
由题干中的visit the private collections定位到文章第三段倒数第二句。细节辨认题。定位句指出,由于欧洲在 18世纪末之前几乎没有博物馆,大陆游学的旅行者们常常通过获准参观私人收藏来欣赏绘画和雕塑,故答案为B。
10
How did the Grand Tour influence the architecture in England?
A.
There appeared more and more Roman-style buildings.
B.
Many aristocrats began to move into Roman-style villas.
C.
Aristocrats' country houses all had Roman-style gardens.
D.
Italian architects were hired to design houses and gardens.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
由题干中的influence和the architecture in England定位到文章最后一段最后一句。推理判断题。定位句指出,在英国,建筑越来越被视为一种贵族的追求,贵族们往往将他们从威尼托的帕拉迪奥别墅以及罗马那些唤起人们回忆的遗迹中学到的东西应用到自己的乡间别墅和花园里。由此可知,大陆游学对英国建筑造成的影响是英国出现了越来越多的罗马风格的建筑物,故答案为A。
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