首页在线考试章节闯关谁正在考试学习应用
您的位置：在线考试首页>章节闯关>英语六级>阅读理解>历年真题> 第24关
  • 00:00:00
已做0项(正确0项，错误做0项)/共10项，剩余10项未作答
结束作答
阅读理解
收藏纠错
Children with attention problems in early childhood were 40% less likely to graduate from high school, says a new study from Duke University.
The study included 386 kindergarteners from schools in the Fast Track Project, a multi-site clinical trial in the U.S. that in 1991 began tracking how children developed across their lives.
With this study, researchers examined early academic attention and socio-emotional skills and how each contributed to academic success into young adulthood.
They found that early attention skills were the most consistent predictor of academic success, and that likability by peers also had a modest effect on academic performance.
By fifth grade, children with early attention difficulties had lower grades and reading achievement scores than their peers. As fifth-graders, children with early attention problems obtained average reading scores at least 3% lower than their contemporaries’ and grades at least 8% lower than those of their peers. This was after controlling for IQ, socio-economic status and academic skills at school entry.
Although these may not seem like large effects, the impact of early attention problems continued throughout the children’s academic careers. Lower reading achievement scores and grades in fifth grade contributed to reduced grades in middle school and thereby contributed to a 40% lower high school graduation rate.
“The children we identified as having attention difficulties were not diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（注意力缺乏多动症）（ADHD）, although some may have had the disorder. Our findings suggest that even more modest attention dean of Duke’s Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, whose research has focused on ADHD and interventions to improve academic performance in children with attention difficulties.
Social acceptance by peers in early childhood also predicted grades in fifth grade. Children not as liked by their first-grade peers had slightly lower grades in fifth grade, while those with higher social acceptance had higher grades.
“This study shows the importance of so-called ‘non-cognitive’ or soft skills in contributing to children’s positive peer relationships, which, in turn, contribute to their academic success,” said Kenneth Dodge, director of the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy.
The results highlight the need to develop effective early interventions to help those with attention problems stay on track academically and for educators to encourage positive peer relationships, the researchers said.
“We’re learning that student success requires a more comprehensive approach, one that incorporates not only academic skills but also social, self-regulatory and attention skills,” Dodge said. “If we neglect any of these areas, the child’s development lags. If we attend to these areas, a child’s success may reinforce itself with positive feedback loops.”
1
What is the focus of the new study from Duke University?
A.The contributors to children’s early attention.
B.The predictors of children’s academic success.
C.The factors that affect children’s emotional well-being.
D.The determinants of children’s development of social skills.
本题答案：
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案：B
  • 系统解析：
    由题干中的 focus 和 new study from Duke University 定位到文章第三段：With this study, researchers examined early academic attention and socio-emotional skills and how each contributed to academic success into young adulthood.和第四段:They found that early attention skills were the most consistent predictor of academic success, and that likability by peers also had a modest effect on academic performance.

    事实细节题。文章第三段指出，通过这项研究，研究人员探究了早期的学业注意力和社会情感技能以及它们各自对青年时期的学业成就的贡献，而第四段提到早期注意力技能是学习成就最稳定的预测因素，由此可知，这个研究的重点是孩子学业成就的预测因素，故答案为B。

    A. “儿童早期注意力的影响因素”，该项是对定位部分的曲解，原文介绍的是早期注意力对学业成就的影响故排除；C. “影响儿童情感健康的因素”，虽然文章提到了儿童在同辈中的受欢迎因素，但探究的主题是其对学业成就的影响，故排除；D. “儿童社会技能发展的决定因素”，文章中虽然提到了社会技能，但只是说到它们对学业成就的影响，故排除。
2
How did the researchers ensure that their findings are valid?
A.By attaching equal importance to all possible variables examined.
B.By collecting as many typical samples as were necessary.
C.By preventing them from being affected by factors not under study.
D.By focusing on the family background of the children being studied.
本题答案：
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案：C
  • 系统解析：
    由题干中的ensure that their findings are valid 定位到文章第五段最后一句：This was after controlling for IQ, socio-economic status and academic skills at school entry.

    推理判断题。第五段前半部分介绍了研究发现的具体数据，而最后一局指出，这些数据剔除了智商、社会经济地位和入学时的学业技能等受控因素的影响，由此可以推知，研究者为确保研究的效度，设法防治研究发现收到无关因素的影响，故答案为C。

    A. “对所检验的所有可能的变量予以同样的重要性和B. “收集尽可能多的典型样本”，在原文中均没有提及，故排除；D. “关注调研儿童的家庭背景”，由定位句可知，社会经济地位是受控因素，故D 所述与原文恰好相反，故排除。
3
What do we learn from the findings of the Duke study?
A.Modest students are generally more attentive than their contemporaries.
B.There are more children with attention difficulties than previously thought.
C.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder accounts for most academic failures.
D.Children’s academic performance may suffer from even slight inattention.
本题答案：
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案：D
  • 系统解析：
    由题干中的 findings of the Duke study 定位到文章第七段第二句：Our findings suggest that even more modest attention difficulties can increase the risk of negative academic outcomes...

    事实细节题。文章第七段第二句提到，我们的发现表明，甚至更轻微的注意力障碍也会增加学习成效的负面风险。D. “孩子们的学业表现甚至会受轻微的注意力不集中的影响”是对这句话的同义转述，该项中的suffer from 对应原文中的 increase the risk of , slight inattention 对应原文中的more modest attention difficulties，故答案为D。

    A. “谦虚的孩子总体而言比同龄人更易集中精力”，是利用第四段和第七段第二局中的modest 一词设置的干扰，原文中此词用于修饰注意力困难的程度，而不是用于说明儿童的特点，故排除；B. “有注意力障碍的儿童比之前所认为的要多”，原文中并未有此对比，故排除；C. “注意力缺乏多动症是大多数学业失败的原因”，属于过度推断，尽管这是一个因素，但作者并未说着是大多数学业失败的原因，故排除。
4
What does the Duke study find about children better accepted by peers?
A.They do better academically.
B.They are easy to get on with.
C.They are teachers’ favorites.
D.They care less about grades.
本题答案：
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案：A
  • 系统解析：
    由题干中的better accepted by peers 定位到文章第八段第二句：Children not as liked by their first-grade peers had sUghtly lower grades in fifth grade, while those with higher social acceptance had higher grades.

    事实细节题。定位句指出，不被一年级同学喜欢的孩子在五年或时号簿套，那些社会接受度高的孩子成绩较好，由此可见，同伴接受度更高的孩子学业成绩更好一些，故答案为A。

    B. “他们更好相处”、C. “他们更受老师喜爱”和D. “他们对学分更不在意在原文中均没有提到，故排除。
5
What can we conclude from the Duke study?
A.Children’s success is related to their learning environment.
B.School curriculum should cover a greater variety of subjects.
C.Social skills are playing a key role in children’s development.
D.An all-round approach should be adopted in school education.
本题答案：
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案：D
  • 系统解析：
    由题干中的conclude 定位到文章最后一段第一句："We're learning that student success requires a more comprehensive approach, one that incorporates not only academic skills but also social, self-regulatory and attention skills, Dodge said.

    推理判断题。定位句指出，研究者正了解到，学生的成功需要一个更全面的方法不仅包含学业技能，而且包含社会的、自我管理的和注意力的技能，由此可知，D 项是该句的同义转述，题干中的all- round 对应原文中的comprehensive，D为答案。

    A) “儿童的成功与他们的学习环境有关”、B) “学校课程应该涵盖更多种类的学科”和 C) “社会技能对儿童发展起着关键作用”在文中均未提及，故排除。
我的笔记

最大支持140字
提交纠错
请输入您发现的错误详情用户：

关于本站 - 联系我们 - 人才招聘 - 免责条款 - 意见反馈 - 设为首页 - 加入收藏

Copyright © 2005-2013 www.kekenet.com online services.

All rights reserved.

京ICP备11028623号

可可英语移动APP
扫一扫 下载我