首页
在线考试
章节闯关
谁正在考试
学习应用
听写训练
背单词
情景会话
口语模仿
擂台赛
每日英语
资料下载
作文批改
注册
您的位置：
在线考试首页
>
章节闯关
>
英语六级
>
阅读理解
>
历年真题
>
第26关
00:00:00
已做
0
项(正确
0
项，错误做
0
项)/共10项，剩余
10
项未作答
结束作答
答案解析
上一题
下一题
返回
阅读理解
收藏
纠错
Effective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after Feb. 17, 2015. The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like Electronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games, Activision and Disney.
The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014. overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set (制作中) safety precautions.
The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. In 2015, gaming produced $23.5 billion in domestic revenue.
But SAG-AFTRA says voice actors don’t receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work. Instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation—a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million.
“It’s a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue,” said voice actor Crispin Freeman, who’s a member of the union’s negotiating committee. “This is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance (从事自由职业的) performer, who isn’t regularly employed every single day working on projects.”
Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. “I can’t imagine if there’s any other acting job in the world where you don’t know what show you’re in, when you’re hired,”says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee.
“And yet that happens every day in the video game world,”Farley told reporters during a press conference Friday. “I was a main character in Fallout 4, a character by the name of Kellogg, and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.”
Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors “represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game.” So “even though they’re the top craftsmen in their field,”Witlin says, “if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that’s going to create far more problems for the video game companies.”
1
Why did SAG-AFTRA declare a strike against some video game publishers?
A.
The labor contract between them had been violated.
B.
Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected.
C.
It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks.
D.
The negotiations between them had broken down.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
本题考查SAG-AFTRA罢工的原因，可定位至第二段首句（The strike comes in light of…）。A将双方的劳动合同“已到期（expired）”窜改为“被违反（be violated）”。B违背第二段首句“现行劳动合同到期后，双方进行了长时间的谈判”。C由19 months of negotiations及transparency杂揉捏造，但transparency与“谈判是否透明／存在欺骗”无关，而是指“招聘人才的透明度”。第二段首句指出，2014年底现行劳工合同到期，而后双方持续了19个月的谈判，最后谈判失败触发了此次罢工。可见SAG-AFTRA宣布罢工的原因是谈判失败，D正确。
2
What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry?
A.
It has reaped huge profits in recent years.
B.
It has become more open and transparent.
C.
It has attracted many famous voice actors.
D.
It has invested a lot in its domestic market.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
本题考查电子游戏产业（the video gaming industry）相关信息，可定位至第三段（The video gaming industry ... the industry ... gaming）。B利用第二段transparency设障，但“罢工者要求透明”恰恰说明“该行业不透明”。C对第三段事实“电子游戏产业迅速壮大”以及文中主要人物“配音演员”过度推断，文中并未提及配音演员的数量变化。D将第三段末句“电子游戏业创造了巨额国内收入（produced...domestic revenue）”窜改为“向国内市场大量投资（invested... domestic market）”第三段指出，电子游戏业近年来迅速壮大，现金流猛增，2015年创造了巨额国内收入，可知该行业收益巨大，A正确。
3
What are the voice actors demanding?
A.
More regular employment.
B.
A non-discriminatory contract.
C.
Extra pay based on sales revenues.
D.
A limit on the maximum work hours.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
本题考查配音演员的要求，可定位至第四段②句（the voice actors are pushing for...）。A由Freeman对配音演员的描述“工作不固定（isn't regularly employed）”主观推断“要求稳定就业”，但原文强调“对工作不固定的配音演员二次付酬”，并非“应使他们稳定就业”。B由who/a freelancer performer isn't regularly employed主观脆断出“自由职业的配音演员受到歧视“，但文中实指“配音演员的工作性质是自由职业”，与歧视无关。D将第四段cap所指“二次付酬金额的上限”改为“工作时间的上限”。第四段②句指出，配音演员们在努力争取二次付酬，即每款游戏达到一定销售额时（200万份销售量／下载量／用户），配音演员可获得绩效奖金（a performance bonus）。即，配音演员要求根据销售额支付额外工资，C正确。
4
What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors?
A.
They are kept in the dark about many details of their job.
B.
They are discriminated against in the gaming industry.
C.
They are not paid on a regular basis.
D.
They are not employed full-time.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
本题考查Keythe Farley谈及的内容，可定位至第六、七段（...says voice actor Keythe Farley...；...Farley told reporters...）。B对第六段断章取义，误认为the secrecy of the industry ... I can't imagine if there's any other acting job ..是在指出“游戏业对待配音演员明显不如其他人员”，而实际含义为“在其他表演行业无法想象的事情在游戏业却每天都在发生”。C、D对第五段内容张冠李戴说明“配音演员不是全职雇员（isn't regularly employed）、（由此导致）没有稳定收入”的是Crispin Freeman，而非Keythe Farley。第六段Keythe Farley提出，在电子游戏行业里，配音演员不知道自己在出演什么，也不知道自己什么时候被录用；第七段Farley讲述亲身经历“工作了一年半都不知道自己在为哪款游戏配音” 。可见他提出配音演员对许多工作细节一无所知，A正确。
5
What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin?
A.
Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen.
B.
Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems.
C.
Voice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers.
D.
Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in line with the law.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
本题考查Scott Witlin律师的观点，定位至末段（Scott Witlin, the lawyer ...says ...）。A、C均利用top craftsmen干扰：A将原文“转折关系（即使是顶尖工匠／配音演员，对其采用不同的薪酬体系也会带来问题）”窜改为“假设关系（如果顶尖，则可采用不同薪酬体系／加薪）”；C将原文“同指关系（工匠即指配音演员）”改为“对立关系（工匠不是专业演员）。D由Scott Witlin的资方律师立场（代表电子游戏公司的利益）及现行薪酬制度$ 825 for a standard four-hour vocal session脆断而来，原文并无根据。末段Scott Witlin提出，对于电子游戏制作，配音演员的工作仅占所有工作的不到千分之一，如果对其采用与那些做了99.9%工作的人不同的薪酬体系，会给电子游戏公司带来更多问题，可见Scott Witlin认为改变薪酬体系会给电子游戏业带来更多问题，B正确。
Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number of satellites that companies and governments are launching into space. Space Policy Directive-3 lays out general guidelines for the United States to mitigate (缓解) the effects of space debris and track and manage traffic in space.
This policy sets the stage for the Department of Commerce to take over the management of traffic in space. The department will make sure that newly launched satellites don’t use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites, and schedule when such new satellites can be launched. This only applies to American space activities, but the hope is that it will help standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world.
Space, especially the space directly around our planet, is getting more crowded as more governments and companies launch satellites. One impetus for the policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellations (星座), comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts among them. With so much stuff in space, and a limited area around our planet, the government wants to reduce the chances of a collision. Two or more satellites slamming into each other could create many more out-of-control bits that would pose even more hazards to the growing collection of satellites in space.
And it’s not like this hasn’t happened before. In 2009 an old Russian craft slammed into a communications satellite, creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris and putting other hardware at risk. Journalist Sarah Scoles reports that NASA currently tracks about 24,000 objects in space, and in 2016 the Air Force had to issue 3,995,874 warnings to satellite owners alerting them to a potential nearby threat from another satellite or bit of debris.
That’s why this new policy also includes directions to update the current U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, which already require any entity that launches a satellite or spacecraft to vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions, from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris. It includes accounting for any piece of debris they plan to release over 5mm that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more. It might seem surprising to think about an item staying in space for that long, but the oldest satellite still in orbit—Vanguard 1—turned 60 in 2018.
Agencies and companies throughout the world are working on developing technology that would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes serious damage. But for now, the U.S. government is more focused on preventing new debris from forming than taking the trash out of orbit.
6
What is the purpose of the new U.S. space policy?
A.
To lay out general guidelines for space exploration.
B.
To encourage companies to join in space programs.
C.
To make the best use of satellites in space.
D.
To improve traffic conditions in space.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
本题考查美国新太空政策的目标宗旨，依据题目顺序规律、搜寻目的状语可定位至首段（focused on...、to mitigate ... and track and manage...）。A复现首段②句lays out general guidelines，但将政策目的“减轻太空碎片的影响、追踪和管理空间交通（to mitigate ... and track and manage...）”窜改为“探索太空（for space exploration）”。B将首段①句和第三段②句信息“企业自主发射卫星／构建巨型星座”扭曲为“企业参与（政府）太空项目”。C从文中guideline、manage等碎片信息腌断而来，但新政策与卫星资源利用问题无关。首段指出：新太空政策重在管理日益增多的太空卫星。第3号太空政策指令（新太空政策）为美国缓解太空碎片的影响以及追踪和管理太空交通制定了通用的指导方针，可见新政策旨在改善太空交通状况、减少太空碎片威胁，D正确。
7
What is the Department of Commerce expected to do under the new policy?
A.
Reduce debris in space.
B.
Monitor satellite operations.
C.
Regulate the launching of new satellites.
D.
Update satellite communications technology.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
本题考查新政策所规定的商务部职权，由关键词the Department of Commerce可定位至第二段句＠句（the Department of Commerce ... The department...）。A背离末段所述美国政策核心“防止形成新碎片，而非清理现有太空碎片”。B将第二段②句商务部监管对象“新发射卫星的无线电频率”泛化为“所有卫星的运行状况（包括速度周期、轨道高度等）”。D源自第二段＠句radio frequencies，但商务部只负责“协调分配无线电频率的管理工作”，不负责“通信技术升级”。第二段指出新政策将令商务部接手太空交通管理，商务部将确保新发射卫星不使用会干扰现有卫星的无线电频率，并安排何时才可发射这种新卫星，C正确。
8
What does the U.S. government hope to do with the new space policy?
A.
Set international standards for the space flight industry.
B.
Monopolize space industry by developing a set of norms.
C.
Facilitate commercial space flights throughout the world.
D.
Promote international collaboration in space exploration.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
本题考查美国新政策的愿景/深层目标，可定位至第二段③句（the hope is that it [ the new policy] will help...）。B由③句“美国希望其新政策有助国际商业航天标准化（即希望他国也能参考、借鉴）”脆断出“美国欲垄断行业”。C将③句美国愿景商业航天业能“生成全球统一标准”曲解为“取得进一步发展”。D由throughout the world捏造出“美国欲推进国际合作”，且将新政策核心内容“太空交通治理”窜改为“太空探索”。第二段＠句指出，美国新政策虽仅适用于本国，但美国希望它有助商业航天业形成一套标准化的全球准则，可见，美国新政策的深层目标是“为商业航天业确立国际标准”，A正确。
9
What is a space vehicle launching entity required to do according to the current U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices?
A.
Give an estimate of how long its debris will stay in space.
B.
Account for the debris it has released into space at any time.
C.
Provide a detailed plan for managing the space debris it creates.
D.
Make a thorough analysis of any possible addition to space debris.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
本题考查现行”规范”对空间飞行器发射实体的要求，由关键词current U. S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices可定位至第五段。A中“估算碎片滞留时间”虽属实体需执行的步骤之一，但并非现行规范主要要求”解释可能滞留太空25年及以上的碎片的产生原因。B中Account for the debris it has released into space复现于②句，但at any time不符合该句对碎片的限定条件that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more（可能会在轨道上滞留25年及以上）。C由②句关键词any piece of debris they plan to release杂揉重组而来，将现行规范要求“分析太空行动产生碎片的可能性、解释说明计划释放的新碎片”窜改为“制定详细计划、管理已释放的碎片”。第五段指出，现行“规范”要求“任何发射卫星或航天器的实体，均需分析其任一行动产生太空碎片的可能，包括对计划释放的任一片5亳米以上的、可能会在轨道上滞留25年及以上的碎片作出解释（即，详尽分析任一可能释放的碎片、并对特定危险性碎片作出解释）”，D正确。
10
What are space agencies and companies aiming to do at present?
A.
Recycle used space vehicles before they turn into debris.
B.
Develop technology to address the space debris problem.
C.
Limit the amount of debris entering space.
D.
Cooperate closely to retrieve space debris.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
本题考查航天机构及企业当前势力方向，由关键词space agencies and companies aiming to do可定位至末段句句（Agencies and companies ... are working on ...）。A、C提及的空间碎片属“尚未形成的、未进入太空的（before they tum into debris、debris entering space）”，背离政府机构和企业普遍努力方向“清理太空现有垃圾”。D利用末段throughout the world编造出“合作”，同时将文中“处理、捕获（dispose of or capture）”窜改为“收回（retrieve）”。末段句句指出，全世界的政府机构和企业都在努力开发可以处理或捕获太空碎片的技术，以防碎片造成严重损害，B正确。
我的笔记
最大支持140字
收藏
0
好题
0
烂题
0
提交纠错
请输入您发现的错误详情
用户：
