首页在线考试章节闯关谁正在考试学习应用
您的位置:在线考试首页>章节闯关>英语六级>阅读理解>历年真题> 第28关
  • 00:00:00
已做0项(正确0项,错误做0项)/共10项,剩余10项未作答
结束作答
阅读理解
收藏纠错
" The dangerous thing about lying is people don't understand how the act changes us," says Dan Ariely, behavioural psychologist at Duke University. Psychologists have documented children lying as early as the age of two. Some experts even consider lying a developmental milestone, like crawling and walking, because it requires sophisticated planning, attention and the ability to see a situation from someone else's perspective to manipulate them. But, for most people, lying gets limited as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate.
Harvard cognitive neuroscientist Joshua Greene says, for most of us, lying takes work. In studies, he gave study subjects a chance to deceive for monetary gain while examining their brains in a functional MRI machine, which maps blood flow to active parts of the brain. Some people told the truth instantly and instinctively. But others opted to lie, and they showed increased activity in their frontal parietal(颅腔壁的 ) control network, which is involved in difficult or complex thinking. This suggests that they were deciding between truth and dishonesty-and ultimately opting for the latter. For a follow-up analysis, he found that people whose neural ( 神经的) reward centres were more active when they won money were also more likely to be among the group of liars-suggesting that lying may have to do with the inability to resist temptation.
External conditions also matter in terms of when and how often we lie.We are more likely to lie, research shows, when we are able to rationalise it, when we are stressed and fatigued or see others being dishonest. And we are less likely to lie when we have moral reminders or when we think others
are watching. " We as a society need to understand that, when we don't punish lying, we increase the
probability it will happen again," Ariely says.
In a 2016 study published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, Ariely and colleagues showed how dishonesty alters people's brains, making it easier to tell lies in the future. When people uttered a falsehood, the scientists noticed a burst of activity in their arnygdala. The arnygdala is a crucial part of
the brain that produces fear, anxiety and emotional responses including that sinking, guilty feeling you
get when you lie. But when scientists had their subjects play a game-in which they won money by deceiving their partner, they noticed the negative signals from the amygdala began to decrease. Not only that, but when people faced no consequences for dishonesty, their falsehoods tended to get even more sensational. This means that if you give people multiple opportunities to lie for their own benefit, they start with little lies which get bigger over time.
1
Why do some experts consider lying a milestone in a child's development?
A.It shows they have the ability to view complex situations from different angles.
B.It indicates they have an ability more remarkable than crawling and walking.
C.It represents their ability to actively interact with people around them.
D.It involves the coordination of both their mental and physical abilities.
本题答案:
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案:A
  • 系统解析:
    首段③句指出有些专家将撒谎视为儿童发展里程碑的原因:撒谎需要周密的计划、专注力以及从他人角度看问题从而操纵他人的能力。A.view complex situations from different angles同义转述句中see a situation from someone else'sperspective,故正确。
2
Why does the Harvard neuroscientist say that lying takes work?
A.It is hard to choose from several options.
B.It is difficult to sound natural or plausible.
C.It requires speedy blood flow into one's brain.
D.It involves lots of sophisticated mental activity.
本题答案:
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案:D
  • 系统解析:
    第二段首先概述哈佛神经科学家观点:撒谎需要付出心力,随后借相关研究发现予以说明:撒谎者额顶叶控制网络的活动增强,而该网络负责高难或复杂思维活动,由此研究者认为撒谎涉及复杂困难的思维活动,D正确。
3
Under what circumstances do people tend to lie?
A.When they become too emotional.
B.When they face too much peer pressure.
C.When the temptation is too strong.
D.When the consequences are not imminent.
本题答案:
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案:B
  • 系统解析:
    第三段②句指出诱发撒谎的三种情形“当我们能够合理化谎言时、感到压力或疲倦时、或者看到别人在撒谎时”,B体现其中“感到压力”的情形,正确。
4
When are people less likely to lie?
A.When they are worn out and stressed.
B.When they are under watchful eyes.
C.When they think in a rational way.
D.When they have a clear conscience.
本题答案:
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案:B
  • 系统解析:
    第三段③句指出“当有道德警示时或认为别人看着时,我们不太可能撒谎”,B体现其中一种情况,其中under watchful eyes同义替换others are watching,故正确。
5
What does the author say will happen when a liar does not get punished?
A.They may feel justified.
B.They will tell bigger lies.
C.They will become complacent.
D.They may mix lies and truths.
本题答案:
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • 参考答案:B
  • 系统解析:
    末段⑤⑥句指出,当人们撒谎后却未受到惩罚,他们的谎话就会变得更为骇人(sensational)。假如给人们为了自己利益而撒谎的机会,他们的谎言会越变越大,B正确。
我的笔记
提交纠错
请输入您发现的错误详情用户: