参考答案:The plum blossom, the king of China's top ten famous flowers, originated in southern China and has been cultivated for over 3000 years. In the depths of winter, colorful plum blossoms bloom vibrantly amidst the wind and snow,unhindered by severe frost. The plum blossom, a symbol of strength, purity and elegance in traditional Chinese culture, motivates people to brave hardship and forge ahead. Since ancient times, many poets and painters have been drawing inspirations from plum blossoms and created countless immortal works. Plum blossoms are also very popular with the general public and often used as home decoration during the Spring Festival. Nanjing has designated the plum blossom as the city flower and holds the Plum Blossom Festival each year, which attracts thousands of people to Plum Blossom Hill to enjoy the full bloom in the snow irrespective of the severe cold.
系统解析:
1.第一句中三组动词短语分别聚焦梅花的地位、起源、历史(地位为评价信息,起源和历史为事实细节),翻译时可作主次区分,除按参考译文,将起源和历史译为主干,地位译为“梅花”的补充说明成分之外,可将地位译为主干,起源和历史译为补充说明成分(非限制性定语从句)。“位居……之首”可用rank first among...、be the king of...(king表示同类中的首屈一指者)等短语;“栽培”和“种植”同义,planting、cultivation择一即可。
2.第二句中“隆冬时节”为时间状语,可译为介词短语In the depths of winter/midwinter。动词短语“不畏严寒”和“傲然绽放”语义递进,重心在后,可译为and连接的并列谓语,也可把前者译为伴随状语,后者译为主干谓语。“傲然”修饰“绽放”,强调梅花在严寒之中的“生机勃勃/坚强不屈”,可译为副词vibrantly、unyieldingly。“迎着……”描述梅花绽放的背景/环境,可借助介词amidst、against译为状语。“不畏……”可直译为be not afraid of...,也可用更地道的短语brave sth、defy sth、be unhindered by sth。
3.第三句中两组动词短语“象征着……”和“激励……”可视为并列关系,译作and连接的并列结构;也可视为隐性因果关系,用结果状语补充说明主干带来的结果,即the plum blossom is a symbol...,motivating...。“砥砺前行”的深层含义为“经历磨难、克服困难、继续前行”,与“不畏艰难”意义有重叠,故二者可合译为forge ahead with no fear of hardship。
4.第四句根据时间状语“自古以来”可确定译句应采用完成时态,而“获取灵感”这一情形会一直持续下去,故可采用现在完成进行时(has/have been+v-ing)。“从……获取灵感”既可以主动形式译为draw/gain/take inspiration from...,又可译为被动形式be inspired by...。
5.第五句中“春节期间常用于家庭装饰”可视为对“梅花”的补充说明,故可将“普通大众也都喜爱梅花”译为主干,“常用于……”译为plum blossoms的非限制性定语从句。也可将逗号前后内容视为两个并列分句,关键在于明确主语,有两种译法:一、将“普通大众”作为主语,整体译为主动语态,如The general public also love Plum blossoms and often use them as...(them回指plum blossoms);二、将“梅花”作为主语,前一分句借助be popular with结构进行调整,后一分句译为被动语态。
6.第六句中包含三个小句,其中前两小句为明显的并列关系,第三小句可视为对“梅花节”的补充说明。故可将前两小句译为“主语+and连接的两个并列谓语”结构,第三小句“(梅花节吸引了)成千上万的人……”译为“梅花节”的非限制性定语从句,其中“(吸引)……到梅花山”可使用短语attract sb to sth,“赏梅”是“到梅花山”的目的,可译为不定式toenjoy...作目的状语,“踏雪”指向赏梅的时空背景,可译为in the snow或on snowy days;“冒着严寒”指向赏梅的不利因素,可译为让步状语regardless/in spite of the severe cold。
参考答案:The lotus flower, one of China's famous flowers, has been deeply loved by Chinese people. Lakes and ponds in many parts of China are suitable for the growth of lotus plants. The lotus flower, which is bright in color, blooms in the early morning and closes at night in summer, with the flowering lasting up to two or three months, attracting visitors from all over the country. The lotus has multiple uses, including purifying water,reducing pollution and improving the environment, as well as greening water surfaces and beautifying gardens. The flower is characterized by its abilities to tolerate intense sun exposure and emerge pure and clean from the murky water, thus symbolizing purity and elegance. So it is often used as a metaphor for a person's noble character and has been a main subject for poets and painters throughout history. Places with lotus flowers in full bloom are also frequented by many photography enthusiasts.
系统解析:
1.第一句包含两小句,根据汉语重心在后原则,可将第二个小句处理为句子主干,第一个小句处理为主语的同位语,译为“one of+复数名词”结构。“深受....喜爱”含被动义,可译为被动结构be deeply loved by sb,也可使用形容词beloved(钟爱的,深受喜爱的)的短语be beloved by/of sb。
2.第二句中“中国许多地方的”可译为介词短语in many parts of China作后置定语。“适宜荷花生长”可用suitable相关短语:be a suitable place to do sth(适合做某事的地点)、be suitable for sb/sth(适于某人/某物)。
3.第三句为包含五个小句的流水句,可划分为三个意义层次。小句1聚焦花朵颜色,信息量少,可处理为主语的非限制性定语(which is)bright in color。小句2、3、4聚焦开花时间,其中小句2、3描述一日中花开花闭时段,小句4描述整个花期,可将小句2、3处理为并列谓语句作句子主干,小句4处理为with复合结构作补充说明成分。小句5聚焦游客反应,可理解为前四小句的综合性结果,故可译为现在分词短语作结果状语。
4.第四句也包含多个小句。小句1概述引出荷花的功能,可处理为句子主干,“具有多种功能”可直译为has multiple uses/functions,也可使用serve/ fufill ... purposes、be used for...purposes等结构。小句2.3、4逐一列举荷花的多种功能,可整体处理为补充说明成分(定语从句或分词短语),“既.....又........”凸显的多项列举逻辑可用include... as well as...、include not only... but also... 、range from.. to... to...等结构。
5.第五句包含的多个小句可划分为两大意义层次,译为两个长句。前三个小句为第一意层(聚焦荷花本身),其中小句1、2(荷花生长特点“耐阳、洁净”)和小句3(荷花抽象品质“纯洁、高雅”)暗含因果关联,可分别译为主干The flower is characterized by...和现在分词短语(thus) symbolizing... 作结果状语。后两个小句为第二意层(由花性联想到人性,以物喻人),可译为and连接的并列谓语句式。两大意义层次之间又可借so、therefore、as a result等因果词来体现“花性喻比人性”的因果顺承关系。“历来”可译为时间副词always(一直)、traditionally(历来,一向),或表时间的介词短语throughout history(从古至今)。“诗人画家创作的重要题材”意即“诗人画家常用的/喜欢的题材”,故可译为a main/ popular/ favorite subject for poets and painters。
6.第六句中“荷花盛开的地方”可译为Places with lotus flowers in full bloom 或Places where lotus flowers are in full bloom。“是……经常光顾之地”意即“经常被……光顾”,可使用及物动词frequent(常去,常到)或visit(访问,参观)的被动短语be frequented by sb、be often visited by sb。