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中国幅员辽阔,人口众多,很多地方人们都说自己的方言。方言在发音上差别很大,词汇和语法差别较小。有些方言,特别是北方和南方的方言,差异很大,以致于说不同方言的人常常很难听懂彼此的讲话。方言被认为是当地文化的一个组成部分,但近年来能说方言的人数不断减少。为了鼓励人们更多说本地语言,一些地方政府已经采取措施,如在学校开设方言课,在广播和电视上播放方言节目,以期保存本地的文化遗产。
  • 参考答案:China has a vast territory and a large population. People in many places of China speak their own dialects. Chinese dialects differ most in pronunciation, and to a lesser extent in vocabulary and grammar. Some dialects, especially northern dialects and southern dialects vary so much that they are often not mutually intelligible with each other. Dialects are considered an integral part of local cultures,but the number of people who can speak in dialects has been decreasing in recent years. In order to encourage people to speak local dialects more often, some local governments have taken measures such as offering dialect courses in schools and broadcasting dialect programs on radio and television in the hope of preserving local cultural heritage.
  • 系统解析:
    1.中国幅员辽阔,人口众多,很多地方人们都说自己的方言。
    幅员辽阔have/with a vast territory; 人口population; 方言dialect; local language/tongue; (language) variety;说(某语言) speak (in); use。“幅员” 指一国的疆域/领土,可译为territory。“幅员辽阔”、“人口众多”均为主谓结构,且谓语为形容词,若直译为两个主系表小句...is vast and... is large会显得繁赘,而英语中简单形容词通常直接置于名词之前,构成名词性短语,故可借助领有动词have把两小句整合译为China has a... and a ...(population虽是不可数名词,前有形容词时需要加不定冠词)。
    2.方言在发音上差别最大,词汇和语法差别较小。
    发音pronunciation; phonology; 词汇vocabulary;语法grammar; syntax。光杆名词“方言”并非泛指,而是特指“汉语的各种方言”,故应译为Chinese dialects。“差别”若处理为名词做主语,其附带的较长定语会显得句子头重脚轻,故可将其转化为动词differ (有区别/不同)做谓语。"最大"、"较小"则可处理为修饰differ的状语most、less,后者也可用常用词组to a lesser extent (在较轻程度上)表示。“在发音上”、“词汇和语法”均表示“在....方面”,可译为介词短语in...
    3.有些方言,特别是北方和南方的方言,差异很大,以至于说不同方言的人常常很难听懂彼此的讲话。
    北方的northern; in the north;南方的southern; in the south;以至于so/such... that...,常常often; most of the time;听懂understand; 彼此each other。两个意层由“以至于”衔接,可使用固定结构so/such. .. that (表示达到某种程度后产生某结果),译为..vary so much that.. .或.. are so different that。"说不同方言的人很难听懂彼此的讲话"有两种译法:一是用“表 示做某事有困难”的句式sb have trouble/difficulty (in) doing或It's hard/difficult for sb to do译出,其中"说不同方言的人”可译为people using different dialects或users of different dialects;二是用“描述语言互通现象(不同语言的使用者可理解彼此的语言)”的更地道短语mutually intelligible, 添加否定词not来表达,其常用 句式有“语言1 + is (not) mutually intelligible with +语言2"和“多个语言+ are (not) mutually intelligible ( with each other) "。
    4.方言被认为是当地文化的一个组成部分,但近年来能说方言的人数不断减少。
    被认为是be considered(to be/as );be thought of as; be seen as;当地(的)local; ...的组成部分part of; an integral part of; ( 数量)减少decrease; decline; drop; fall。“能说方言的人数”中“数"为中心词,可译为the number o...短语,“能说方言的人”译为people who can speak dialects。结合时间词“近年来”可将谓语“不断减少"处理为现在完成进行时态(表示动作从过去一直延续到现在,有可能还会持续发生下去),即has been decreasing。
    5.为了鼓励人们更多说本地方言,一些地方政府已经采取措施,如在学校开设方言课,在广播和电视上播放方言节目,以期保存本地的文化遗产。
    鼓励某人做某事encourage sb to do;本地(的)local;采取措施take measures/steps/actions;开设( 课程) introduce; offer; add; make... available;在广播/电视上 on radio/television;播放节目broadcast/air... program;以期做某事with a view to doing; in the hope of doing; in order to do;保....遗产 preserve. . . heritage。句首“为了鼓励....”.和句末“以期保....”.均表示目的,可使用in order to do、so as to do、in the hope of、with a view to doing等多样化表达(后三组短语多用于句中, 而非句首)。"人们更多说本地方言"可理解为说方言的频率更高,译为..more often,也可理 解为说方言的人数更多,译为more people....“一些地方政府已经采取措施”是本句主干,直译即可,“如在学....”.是对主干宾语“措施”的举例说明,可译为such measures as...或measures such as...两个举措需译为动名词短语做as的宾语。.
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