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One of the bitterest and most time-worm debates in student union bars up and down the country is resolved as academic research confirms that in financial terms at least, arts degrees are a complete waste of time.
Getting through university boosts students'earnings by 25%, on a weighted average, or $220,000 over their lifetime, according to Professor Ian Walker of Warwick University-but if they study Shakespeare or the peasants' revolt instead of anatomy of contract law, those gains are likely to be completely wiped out.
The government is about to allow universities to charge students up to $3,000 a year for their degrees, arguing that it's a small price to pay compared with the financial rewards graduates reap later in life.But Prof.Walker's research shows there are sharp variations in returns according to which subject a student takes.
Law, medicine and economics or business are the most lucrative choices, making their average earnings 25% higher, according to the article, published in the office for national statistics' monthly journal.Scientists get 10-15% extra.At the bottom of the list are arts subjects, which make only a "small "difference to earnings- a small negative one, in fact.Just ahead are degrees in education-which leave hard pressed teachers an average of 5% better off a year than if they had left school at 18.
"it's hard to resist the conclusion that what students learn does matter a lot; and some subject areas give more modest financial returns than others," Prof.Walker said.As an economist, he was quick to point out that students might gain non-financial returns from arts degrees:"Studying economics might be very dull, for example, and studying post-modernism might be a lot of fun."
1
What is the best title for the passage?
A.
Professor Walker's Research
B.
How to Make Big Money.
C.
Differences Between Science and Arts Degrees.
D.
Studying Arts Has Negative Financial Outcome.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
主旨大意题。本文为Walker教授的研究成果,旨在说明不同专业的毕业生有不同的经济回报,并非要传授发财心得或者比较文理科的异同。文章首句即为本题解题关键,故D正确。
2
Universities charge students a rather high tuition mainly because_____
A.
they provide the students with very prosperous subjects to learn
B.
they assume that their graduates can earn much more than they had paid
C.
they don't get financial support from the government
D.
they need much revenue to support the educational expenses
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
事实细节题。定位至第3段第1句。本文只有这一句与收取学费有关,后一个分句即前一个分句的理由,抓住其中隐含的因果关系就不难找到正确答案。
3
The word "lucrative"(Line 1, Para.4) most probably means _____
A.
sensible
B.
creative
C.
profitable
D.
reliable
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
词义理解题。通过下文数据earnings 25% higher和get 10-15% extra可以推测lucrative大意应为"给人带来丰厚收入的",故选C。
4
Law, medical and business graduates could earn 25% more than ______
A.
education graduates
B.
arts graduates
C.
those who had not studied at the university
D.
the average income
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
事实细节题。第4段中出现了几个比较数字,考题要求找到此段首句提到的收人增加25%的参照点。第2段第1句中的Getting through university 表明这类学生收人增加25%的参照对象是没读大学的人,且从第4段第3句中的the list和第4句即可以确定这一段是在比较大学毕业与18岁毕业(即没读大学)收入的不同,因此C正确。
5
We can safely conclude that the author ______
A.
regards arts degrees as meaningless
B.
finds this result disappointing and unfair
C.
wants the students to think twice before they decide what to learn in college
D.
holds that arts degrees are still rewarding despite its scarce financial returns
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
推理判断题。结论往往出现在文章结尾,要想答对此题,一定要仔细体会本文末句。本文虽然重点讨论文科没有经济效益,但是作者并没有做出主观判断,故A、B、C都不正确,而作者在文章最后讲到了人文学科虽然经济效益不佳但学习过程更有趣,故D符合作者意思。
Many private institutions of higher education around the country are in danger.Not all will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve to be saved.There are low-quality schools just as there are low-quality business.We have no obligation to save them simply because they exist.
But many thriving institutions that deserve to continue are threatened.They are doing a fine job educationally, but they are caught in a financial squeeze, with no way to reduce rising costs or increase revenues significantly.Raising tuition doesn't bring in more revenue, for each time tuition goes up, the enrollment goes down, or the amount that must be given away in student aid goes up.Schools are bad businesses, whether public or private, not usually because of mismanagement but because of the nature of the enterprise.They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students.Even a very good college is a very bad business.
It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, I worry about.Low enrollment is not their chief problem.Even with full enrollments, they may go under.Efforts to save them, and preferably to keep them private, are a national necessity.There is no basis for arguing that private schools are inherently (固有地)better than public schools.Examples to the contrary abound.Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world.It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity is a national necessity.Diversity in the way we support schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education.In an imperfect society such as ours, uniformity of education throughout the nation could be dangerous.In an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good.Enthusiastic supporters of public higher education know the importance of sustaining private higher education.
6
According to the author's opinion, schools are bad businesses because of _______.
A.
mismanagement
B.
too few students
C.
financial squeeze
D.
their characteristics
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
事实细节题。本题考查因果关系。第2段倒数第3句中的"not because of...but because of..."指出了nature就是原因所在,characteristics是nature的近义词,故D正确。
7
The author used the phrase "go under" in Para.3 to mean "_______".
A.
get into difficulties
B.
have low enrollment
C.
have little money
D.
bring in more money
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
词义理解题。通过go under所在句子中的Even with......可知,该句与上一句形成对比,这两句中的enrollment是相对应的,所以go under应该也与上文的problem相对应,由此可推断,go under就是have problem/ difficulty之义。本题最具干扰性的是C,但文中并无细节具体说明即使入学人数满额学校收人也很少的问题,因此C把problem定义得过细,不如A恰当。
8
We can reasonably conclude from this passage that the author made an appeal to the public in order to support_____
A.
public institution
B.
private schools
C.
uniformity of education
D.
diversity of education
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
推理判断题,也是主旨大意题。文章一开头就指出"许多私立髙等学校都处于危险之中",引起读者的关注,结尾句明确倡议支持公立髙等教育的人们应该同样支持私立髙等教育,由此可见,B是本文的目的。本题最具干扰性的是D,D的说法在最后一段中多次提到,但是作者提出办学多样性是为了说明私立教育的重要性,故D只是本文主题(私立教育)的支持性细节,并非本文的中心话题。
9
Which of the following is NOT mentioned about private schools?
A.
High-quality private schools deserve to be saved.
B.
If the tuition of the private schools is raised, the enrollment goes down.
C.
There are many cases to show that public schools are better than private schools.
D.
Private schools are more profitable than public schools.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
事实细节题。可用排除法找出答案。A可从第1段推断得出;B可在第2段第3句中找到;C可从最后一段中间找到。
10
Which of the following ways could possibly save private schools?
A.
Raising tuition.
B.
Full enrollment.
C.
National awareness and support.
D.
Reduction of rising costs.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
推理判断题。可用排除法找出答案,根据原文,第2段第3句可证明A不可行;最后一段第3句证明B不可行;第2段第2句也指出D行不通。本文的目的是为了提高公众对私立教育的关注,由此可见,只有C是拯救私立高校的可行性方法。
When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandma's generation.Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday-best.
But in many other homes, this china--and--silver elegance has given way to stoneware (粗陶)--and--stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual--Friday look.For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort.For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times.
Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs--one-fifth of its total workforce.That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) region.Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.
Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts.A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company "has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend"toward casual dining.Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television.
Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone causal.In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it's better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a "real" dinner party.Too often, the perfect moment never comes, Iron a fine-pattened tablecloth? Forget it.Polish the silver? Who has time?
Yet the loss of formality has its down side.The fine points of etiquette(礼节) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents("Chew with your mouth closed.""keep your elbows off the table.")must be picked up elsewhere.Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially.
11
The trend toward casual dining has resulted in ______
A.
bankruptcy of fine china manufacturers
B.
Shrinking of the pottery industry
C.
restructuring of large enterprises
D.
Economic recession in Great Britain
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
推理判断题。首先依据题目中的casual dining找到第2段中的informality。其后有两个for引导的介词短语,后一个说"对于英国精致瓷器的制造商来说,这(informality)意味着经济困难时期";此外,第3段用数据具体指出陶瓷业裁员之严重,说明陶瓷业在萎缩,即B。A、D均属夸大事实,C与文章内容无关。
12
Which of the following may be the best reason for casual dining?
A.
Family members need more time to relax.
B.
Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.
C.
People want to practice economy in times of scarcity.
D.
Young people won't follow the etiquette of the older generation.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
事实细节题。根据倒数第2段第2句中指出现今休闲文化流行的背景:工作时间长,家庭生活节奏紧张,B中的 Busy schedules与文中的demanding family schedules对应,故为答案。
13
It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is _______
A.
a retailer of stainless steel tableware
B.
a dealer in stoneware
C.
a pottery chain store
D.
a producer of fine china
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
事实细节题。Royal Doulton在文章中出现过两次:第3段说它裁员,因为人们用餐越来越随意(不再讲究餐具的精致);第 4 段中"A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company...",暗示公司的性质,可以推断它是精制器皿的生产者。
14
The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is _______
A.
the increased value of the pound
B.
the economic recession in Asia
C.
the change in people's way of life
D.
the fierce competition at home and abroad
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
事实细节题。根据题目中的the layoffs找到文章第4段首句,其中的have their roots in相当于题目中的main cause is,shifts相当于C中的change。其实本题与第1题是交叉相关的,从第1题的题目可找到本题的答案。
15
Refined table manners, though less popular than before in current social life, _______
A.
are still a must on certain occasions
B.
are bound to return sooner or later
C.
are still being taught by parents at home
D.
Can help improve personal relationships
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
事实细节题。根据最后一段,特别是第2句"The fine points of etiquette...must be picked up elsewhere良好的餐桌礼仪必须在其他地方被重拾起来",可知礼仪在某些场合还是必要的,故答案为A。
In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition (学会) of each new skill- the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing.It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads.On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children.Some may be especially strict in money matters.Others are sever over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals.In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness.
As regard the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching.To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality(道德).Also, parents should realize that " example is better than precept ".If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach(说教), their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.
16
Eagerly watching the child's acquisition of new skill ______
A.
can be avoided
B.
is universal among parents
C.
sets up dangerous states of worry in the child
D.
will make him lose interest in learning new things
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
事实细节题。第1段第1句中的every parent,often等词表明这种做法在父母中是非常普遍的,显然B与之相符。A说法无原文依据,且由原文可看出题干所述现象是很难避免的;C中dangerous—词在原文中本是修饰其他情绪,故C不符;D是过多地让孩子自己一个独处的后果,不是题干所述行为的后果。
17
In the process of children's learning new skills parents ________
A.
should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read
B.
should not expect too much of them
C.
should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own
D.
should creative as many learning opportunities as possible
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
推理判断题。第1段第2句说明父母逼得太过分,应避免。最后一句则说明对小孩太放任自流同样不利。由这两点,我们可以做出如下判断:父母对孩子的"严"和"松"之间有一个恰当的"度"。C与之相符。
18
The second paragraph mainly tells us that _________
A.
parents should be strict with their children
B.
parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the community
C.
parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children alone.
D.
parental vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
事实细节题。文章第2段表明:不同的家长对孩子的管制程度不同;家长对小孩的管制不仅是为了孩子个人的幸福,也反映了父母的需要以及社区的价值观,故C与原文相符。
19
The word "precept" (Line3, Para.3) probably means "_______"
A.
Idea
B.
punishment
C.
behavior
D.
instruction
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
词义理解题。由precept所在句可猜测precept应与example相对,且与下文的preach意思相近,故D正确。
20
In moral matters, parents should ________
A.
observe the rules themselves
B.
be aware of the marked difference between adults and children
C.
forbid things which have no foundation in morality
D.
consistently ensure the security of their children
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
推理判断题。第3段提到父母应该避免讲一套做一套,结合最后一段可得出结论:关于思想道德教育问题,父母应以身作则,带头遵循,故A正确。
It's very interesting to note where the debate about diversity(多样化) is taking place.It is taking place primarily in political circles.Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate(公司的) leaders; none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity.In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the global village and in the global market place, diversity.In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the global village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative.They also say that the need for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool of potential employees.And in looking at where birth rates are growing and at where the population is shifting, corporate America understands that expanding the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills to more minorities, more women and more immigrants.Corporate leaders know that if that does not occur in our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientists, the lawyers, or the business managers they will need.
Likewise, I don't hear people in the academy saying."Let's go backward.Let's go back to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy(不拘一格选人才)" (which was never true-we never had a meritocracy, although we've come closer to it in the last 30 years.) I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years.I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus.Now, all of us feel the university is better because corporate board rooms or on college campuses.
21
The word"imperative"(Line5,Para.1) most probably refers to something _____
A.
Superficial
B.
remarkable
C.
debatable
D.
essential
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
词义理解题。本句说到公司要在地球村和全球市场上竞争,多样性是imperative,由前文"没有取消引起多样性的手段"和下文提到的公司对各种各样有技能的美国人的需求可知,多样性对于企业来说应该"必需的"故D正确。
22
Which of the following groups of people still differ in their views on diversity?
A.
Minorities.
B.
Politicians.
C.
Professors.
D.
Managers.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
事实细节题。第2段末句指出这种辩论主要存在于政治圈和媒体中,结合上句内容,可知其中的this debate指的就是关于多样性的辩论,故B正确。
23
High corporate leaders seem to be in favor of promoting diversity so as to ______
A.
lower the rate of unemployment
B.
win equal political rights for minorities
C.
be competitive in the world market
D.
satisfy the demands of a growing population
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
事实细节题。由第1段第4句可知,公司高层领导人促进多样化的原因是想要在全球市场上更具竞争力,C与此相符。
24
It can be inferred from the passage that _____
A.
meritocracy can never be realized without diversity
B.
American political circles will not accept diversity
C.
it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U.S.Media
D.
minorities can only enter the fields were no debate is heard about diversity
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
推理判断题。第2段中提到有些人认为在没有多样性的过去照样能做到不拘—格选人才,但作者马上以which was never true否定此观点,故A正确。第2段只提到多样性的辩论存在于政治圈和媒体,但并不代 表在这两个圈子里不能接受或从未出现多样性,故排除B、C;D说法过于绝对,且在文中找不到依据,也可排除。
25
According to the passage diversity can be achieved in American society by ____
A.
expanding the pool of potential employees
B.
promoting policies that provide skills to employees
C.
training more engineers, scientists lawyers and business managers
D.
providing education for all regardless of race or sex
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
推理判断埋。由第1段倒数第2句可知企业expand the pool就意味着向more minorities, more women和more immigrants提供技能培训,而expand the pool对应的就是题干中的说的多样性的形成,D中的race 和sex分别对文中minorities和women,故正确。A泛泛而谈,没有说到点子上,不如D具体、准确;B与多样性没有关系,C是利用文中的有关职业的词拼凑而成的干扰项。
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