首页
在线考试
章节闯关
谁正在考试
学习应用
听写训练
背单词
情景会话
口语模仿
擂台赛
每日英语
资料下载
作文批改
注册
您的位置：
在线考试首页
>
章节闯关
>
英语四级
>
仔细阅读
>
文化教育类
>
第11关
00:00:00
已做
0
项(正确
0
项，错误做
0
项)/共25项，剩余
25
项未作答
结束作答
答案解析
上一题
下一题
返回
阅读理解
收藏
纠错
When University of California-Berkeley released a study this month showing alarmingly high teacher turnover (人员流动) rates at Los Angeles charter schools, I wasn't surprised.
That's not a slam at local charter schools. It's just that the study echoed something I'd observed many times, starting with my niece.
Bright and cheerful, my niece longed to teach high-needs children. She started out in the San Francisco public schools, where she was assigned to the district's toughest elementary school. Fifth-graders threw chairs across the room- and at her. Parents refused to show up for conferences.
She wasn't willing to deal with this level of indifference and teacher abuse, so she switched to a highly regarded charter elementary school in the Bay Area where she poured her energy into her job and it showed. Her students' test scores were as high as those in a nearby wealthy school district, despite the obstacles these children faced.
Yet by her fourth year, my niece was worn out, depleted (耗尽) of the energy it took to work with a classroom of sweet but deeply needy children who pleaded to stay in her classroom when it was time to leave. The principal's offer of a $10,000 raise couldn't stop her from giving notice. She went to work at that wealthy school district next door- -for less money.
Over the years, I've met many impassioned ( 充满激情的) teachers at charter schools, only to call them the next year and find they've left. The authors of the Berkeley study theorize that the teachers leave because of the extraordinary demands: long hours, intense involvement in students' complicated lives, continual searches for new ways to raise scores. Even the strongest supporters of the reform movement concede that the task of raising achievement among disadvantaged students is hard work.
It's unlikely that we can build large-scale school reform on a platform of continual new demands on teachers- more time, more energy, more devotion, more responsibility- even if schools find ways to pay them better. This is the bigger challenge facing schools. We need a more useful answer to the Berkeley study than "Yeah, it's really hard work."
1
1. Why wasn't the author surprised at the high teacher turnover rates at Los Angeles charter schools?
A.
She had participated in the Berkeley study.
B.
She had noticed the phenomenon repeatedly.
C.
She had been involved in the local school reform.
D.
She had been informed of the problem by her niece.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
本题询问作者并没有对洛杉矶特许学校的教师高流动率感到诧异的原因。原文第1段提出，研究表明特许学校的教师流动率高得惊人，但作者并未感到惊讶,第2段解释了原因,因为这只是作者早已注意到的现象(observed many times),B 中的noticed与原文observed对应,repeatedly与many times 对应,故B为本题答案。
2
2. What do we learn about the students in the public school the author's niece taught?
A.
They are undisciplined.
B.
They were tough and strong.
C.
Many of them enjoyed less parental care.
D.
Many of them dropped out of school halfway.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
本题询问作者的侄女任教的公立学校的学生表现如何。第3段提到作者的侄女所在的学校是当地最难管理的小学，学生们在教室里把椅子扔来扔去,甚至还扔向老师,A“他们不守纪律”与原文一致，故为答案。
3
3. What does the author say about her niece's work in the charter elementary school?
A.
It won high praise from her school and colleagues.
B.
It was cited by the Berkeley study as an example.
C.
It contributed to the success of the school reform.
D.
It was well received by the disadvantaged children.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
本题询问作者的侄女在特许小学的工作情况如何。第4段末提到作者的侄女在进入一所知名度很高的特许私立小学后,成绩显著(it shows),她所教学生与富裕学校的学生成绩同样优秀，第5段则说她的学生在放学后仍恳求留在她的课上，由此可见，她的工作受到家境贫困的孩子们的欢迎和喜爱,D中的disadvantaged children 与文中的deeply needy children 对应，因此D为答案。
4
4. Why were the teacher turnover rates so high according to the Berkeley study?
A.
The students were indifferent to learning.
B.
Teachers' salary was not high enough.
C.
Teachers' work was too demanding.
D.
Jobs elsewhere were more meaningful.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
本题询问根据伯克利研究结果,教师流动率如此高的原因。第6段第2句提到伯克利学校研究将教师离职的原因归结为多方面的苛求(extraordinary demands),包括工作时间过长、过度参与学生的琐碎生活以及不断地探寻提高学生成绩的新方法等，因此C"教师的工作要求过于严苛”为答案。
5
5. What is the author's comment on the current school reform movement?
A.
It will give rise to more problems.
B.
It is not likely to be successful.
C.
It will have a positive impact on education.
D.
It demands the local authorities' support.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
本题询问作者对目前学校改革运动的看法。最后一段提到作者认为不可能将大规模学校改革建立在对教师不断提出新要求的基础上，也就是说，目前的学校改革的基础存在问题，如果不改正的话,成功的可能性不大。B中的not likely to be successful 是对原文中unlikely that we an..的同义表述，因此为答案。
A detailed and thorough research project undertaken by the Open University recently reported that their evidence appears to show that competition between nearby schools does not significantly improve academic standards. Indeed, their report inclines to the opposite outcome: the exam results may actually decline where competition is fiercest.
When the further education sector was“ privatized" a few years ago, competition between colleges became truly fierce, at least in urban areas where potential students could choose between several of them. Colleges appointed highly paid marketing directors and gave them large budgets; some even "bribed" interested students with promises of hundreds of pounds if they completed certain courses satisfactorily.
Fully competitive markets being a philosophical foundation of Britain's recent governments, it was no surprise to hear claims that many educational developments of the 1990s would move us towards a free market in secondary education- giving youngsters and their parents a free choice of where to study. However, the secondary sector did not become particularly competitive while, admittedly, the consumers have been given more information, which is one aspect of a truly free market. It is very rare that two nearby schools with at least some empty places are similar enough to be comparable yet different enough to be rankable; only where that occurs can there be true competition.
The Open University research was probably not flawed-but its conclusions are. This is because the team did not really compare areas having true competition (as just defineD.with areas that do not.
But, let us all breathe a sigh of relief. Secondary schools had started of late to move in the marketing direction- considering allocating scarce resources of staff and money to persuading the pupils that their schools are the best in the area. No schools could afford to do that properly, so it is a relief to realize this research tells us we don't have to.
Competition? We haven't got time for it! Let's spend our small budget in teaching and learning,
not in competing and marketing.
6
1. It is indicated in the passage that competition between schools results in ____.
A.
higher enrollment rate
B.
lower academic standard
C.
higher marketing expenses
D.
privatization of further education
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
第2段最后一句与第2段第1句构成隐含的因果关系,原因是学校之间竞争激烈,结果是学校花费人力物力以求在竞争中取胜,如高薪委任市场经理。由此可知C正确。
7
2. According to the passage, the free market in secondary education ____.
A.
only provides consumers with more information
B.
is more competitive than the higher education market
C.
means there will be more intensive competition than in colleges
D.
is a real surprise to Britain's recent government
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
第3段admittedly(不可否认地)之后一句指出了消费者得到了更多的信息,A与此相符。文中只是分别介绍高等教育及中等教育的竞争情况,但没有做横向对比,因此B和C没有原文依据。D与该段第1句相悖。
8
3. Real competition can happen only when ____.
A.
academic standard is improved by the education sector
B.
there are comparable schools with different educational qualities
C.
students have different interests in different courses
D.
schools of all areas have sufficient budget for their development
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
只要理解第3段最后一个分句中的that指向前一个分句，答案不难找到。B是对该分句的近义改写。
9
4. The author of the passage feels relieved that ____.
A.
secondary schools have to market themselves
B.
most secondary schools have scarce resources of staff and money
C.
the research proves most secondary schools are the best
D.
schools needn't prove that they are the best
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
解答本题的关键是理解倒数第2段最后一句中that的具体所指:that代指上句破折号后的做法。
10
5. What might be the author's attitude towards competitions between nearby schools?
A.
The author is in favor of various kinds of competition.
B.
The author is indifferent to any competition and its result.
C.
The author is not certain of the effect of competitions.
D.
The author is against inter-collegiate competitions.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
根据最后一段,特别是最后一句的not in competing and marketing,可知作者对竞争的态度是反对的。
As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education, so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population. Ideally, both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them.
High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might, or than many other nations currently offer, creating a growing skills gap in our economy. We encourage students to go on to college whether they are prepared or not, or have a clear sense of purpose or interest, and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world.
We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training, as well as the development of a work ethic (勤奋工作的美德) and the intellectual skills needed for continued learning and development. I recommend Harvard's 2011 "Pathways to Prosperity" report for more attention to the "forgotten half" (those who do not go on to college) and ideas about how to address this issue.
Simultaneously, the liberal arts become more important than ever. In a knowledge economy where professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positions that may not even exist yet, the skill set needed is one that prepares them for change and continued learning.
Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech, knowing how to find information, and knowing how to do research are all solid background skills for a wide variety of roles, and such training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college. We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinking skills that will serve for a lifetime.
Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions. The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated (恶化) by parental involvement in the college years. Given the rising investment in college education, parental concern is not surprising, but learning where and when to intervene (干预) will help students take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costly educations.
11
1. What kind of education does the author think is ideal?
A.
It benefits the great majority of the general population.
B.
It prepares students to meet the future needs of society.
C.
It encourages students to learn throughout their lives.
D.
It ensures that students' expectations are successfully fulfilled.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
本题问作者认为什么样的教育是理想的。原文第1段第2句说理想的情况是(Ideally),无论是高中还是大学,都能让学生能够适应未来不断变化的角色，B中的meet the future needs of society"适应未来社会的需要"与原文的prepare... for the ever changing roles that... expected of them 意思相近,故选B。
12
2. What does the author say is the problem with present high school education?
A.
Ignoring the needs of those who don't go to college.
B.
Teaching skills to be used right after graduation only.
C.
Giving ltle attention to those having difficulty learning.
D.
Creating the highest dropout rate in the developed world.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
本题询问现行高中教育的弊端。第2段第2句提到不管学生的实际情况如何，都鼓励他们上大学，而结果就是我们的大学辍学率全球最高。D复现了原文的highest college dropout rate, 且其范围in the developed world比文中的范围in the world 要小，故确定D为答案。
13
3. What characterizes a knowledge economy according to the passage?
A.
People have to receive higher education to quality for a professional position.
B.
Students majoring in liberal arts usually have difficulty securing a job.
C.
New positions are constantly created that require people to keep learning.
D.
Colleges find it hard to teach students how to cope with the changing economy.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
本题问知识经济的特点。第4段第2句中where引导的定语从句对知识经济进行了说明，提到职业角色转变很快，向末则提到，学生需要的是一套能让他们为转变和继续教育做好准备的技能。C“不断有新职位被创造出来，要求人们不断学习”是对上述内容的概括,故为答案。
14
4. What does the author think a liberal arts college should focus on?
A.
Solid background knowledge in a particular field.
B.
Practical skills urgently needed in current society.
C.
Basic skills needed for change and lifelong learning.
D.
Useful thinking skills for advanced academic research.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
本题询问文科院校应该重点关注什么。第5段首句末提到such training 在文科院校比其他专业都重要,故such training 的指代就是本题的答案，该词指代前半句提到的内容,具体是学会通过口头和书面来充分表达自己的想法，知道如何找到信息，了解如何做研究，而这些技能是适应各种角色的基础技能，第5段末句提到要培养可终生受益的思维能力,C中的Basic skills needed for change"应对变化的基本技能”对应首句,lifelong learning 则对应末句,故选C。
15
5. What suggestion does the author offer to parents?
A.
Rethinking the value of higher education.
B.
Investing wisely in their children's education.
C.
Helping their children to bring their talent into full play.
D.
Avoiding too much intervention in their children's education.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
本题询问作者对父母提出了哪些建议。第6段第2句提到孩子的成年之路因为家长在大学期间的干涉而不断恶化(appears exacerbated),从中暗示了家长干涉的负面影响。第6段末句则重申家长要学会在何时以及何地进行干预，由此可见作者认为父母干预太多,从而产生负面影响，父母应避免过多干预孩子的教育，D所述与此一致。
Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But that's not what I did.
I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts (文科) university that doesn't even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren't studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them.
I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering “factories" where they didn't care if you had values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist (人文学者) all in one.
Now I'm not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile (协调) engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.
The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don't mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.
16
1. The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university because he ____.
A.
intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals
B.
wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality
C.
intended to be a combination of engineer and humanist
D.
wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in college
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
根据文中第2段第3.4句的具体说明以及第3段末句的概括说明“我将成为一个完整的工程师:集理性的技术天才和感性的人文学者于一体。”可知C正确。
17
2. According to the author, by interacting with people who study liberal arts, engineering students can ____.
A.
broaden their horizons
B.
become noble idealists
C.
receive guidance in their careers
D.
balance engineering and the liberal arts
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由文章第2段第4句“我想通过与非理工科的同学的相互交往来开阁我的视野"，可推断出A正确。其他均无原文依据或断章取义。
18
3. In the eyes of the author, a successful engineering student is expected ____.
A.
to be imaginative with a value system to guide him
B.
to be a technical genius with a wide vision
C.
to have an excellent academic record
D.
to be wise and mature
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
第3段最后一句说，“我将成为一个完整的工程师:集技术天才和人文学者于一-体"，B"成为视野寬阔的技术天才”与原文相符，故选B。A.C、D均无原文支持或断章取义。
19
4. The author's experience shows that he was ____.
A.
creative
B.
irrational
C.
ambitious
D.
unrealistic
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
根据第4段第2句“我的崇高理想与现实发生了冲突"，以及下文对于作者在协调文理科之间的困难可知，原文的想法是不现实的,故可推断D正确。
20
5. The word“they" in "together they threaten to confuse." (Line 3, Para. 5) refers to ____.
A.
practicality and rationality
B.
C.reality and noble ideals
C.
engineering and the liberal arts
D.
D.f
E.
reality and noble ideals
F.
B.engineering and the liberal arts
G.
flxibility and a value system
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
they一般指代前一句话中的复数名词，根据最后一段的第1 2句“.. engineering and the liberal arts simply don't mix as easily.. together they threaten to confuse"可以推断，they指的是engineering and the liberal arts。
The National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not a rich Government department. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public.
The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4,500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust's "Country House Scheme". Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and open to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses. Last year about one and three quarters of a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge.
In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousand five hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.
So it is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.
21
1. The National Trust is ____.
A.
a rich government department
B.
a charity supported mainly by the public
C.
a group of areas of great natural beauty
D.
an organization supported by public taxes
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
从文章第1段末句可找到答案。选项A显然与原文意思相反,选项C和D则无原文依据。
22
2. The“Country House Scheme" was started ____.
A.
with the founding of the National Trust
B.
as the first project of the National Trust
C.
after Lord Lothian's donation
D.
to protect Lord Lothian's house
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
第2段第2句表明洛锡安勋爵捐赠了他的房产后,这个计划才启动起来，因此选项C正确，也由此可以否定选项A。根据第2段最后两句可知这个计划是为了保护具有历史价值的房子，而不仅仅是为了保护洛锡安勋爵的房子,因此选项D不对。
23
3. Land protected by the National Trust ____.
A.
can be developed and modernized
B.
includes naturally and historically valuable sites
C.
consists of country houses and nature reserves
D.
is primarily for tourists to Britain
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
最后一段从preserving开始的部分指出了本题的答案。第3段倒数第2句所说的“no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted" 可帮助排除选项A;选项C内容不完整;选项D中的限制词 primarily使用不妥，无原文依据。
24
4. The word "invade" in the last paragraph is used to emphasize that ____.
A.
the British do not like tourists
B.
tourists to Britain are unfriendly
C.
tourists come to Britain in large numbers
D.
Britain is attacked by masses of tourists
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
由invade所在的句子“for the millions of tourists who each year invade.."可 知这是托管会保护自然美景和历史胜地的原因所在。从而可以推断出invade强调来英国游玩的游客之多，因此选项C为正确答案。
25
5. The main purpose of this passage is to ____.
A.
inform the readers about the National Trust
B.
promote the National Trust's membership
C.
make people aware of the natural beauty of Britain
D.
let the general public share the views of the National Trust
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
纵观全文可发现the National Trust和the Trust 在文章开头以及文中反复出现,文章是一.篇说明文,主要目的是介绍the National Trust的机构性质及其功能，因此选项A正确。文章未讨论托管会的成员问题，因此选项B不正确。最后两段虽然提到英国的自然景色很美,但这并非文章的主题思想，因此选项C不对。本题最具干扰性的是选项D,但是本文并不是一篇议论文,其目的不是让读者认同其中的观点,文章更多的是用说明性的语言来说明托管会的一些做法。
我的笔记
最大支持140字
收藏
0
好题
0
烂题
0
提交纠错
请输入您发现的错误详情
用户：
