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Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality， but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool.In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course,any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department， famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment.But that‘s not what I did.
I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts(文科)university that doesn‘t even offer a major in electrical engineering.Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons.I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career.I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren't studying science or engineering.My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice.They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years,and I believed them.
I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering "factories" where they didn‘t care if you have values or were flexible.I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist(人文学者)all in one.
Now I‘m not so sure.Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do.After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal-arts courses,I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile(协调) engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.
The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don't mix as easily as I assumed in high school.Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse.The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.
1
The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university because he ________.
A.
intended to be a combination of engineer and humanist
B.
wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality
C.
intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals
D.
wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in college
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
事实细节题。根据文中第2段第3、4句的具体说明以及第3段末句的概括说明"我将成为一个完整的工程师：集理性的技术天才和感性的人文学者于一体。"可知C正确。
2
According to the author，by interacting with people who study liberal arts， engineering students can ________.
A.
broaden their horizons
B.
become noble idealists
C.
receive guidance in their careers
D.
balance engineering and the liberal arts
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
事实推理题。由文章第2段第4句"我想通过与非理工科的同学的相互交往来开阔我的视野"，可推断出A正确。其他均无原文依据或断章取义。
3
In the eyes of the author，a successful engineering student is expected ________.
A.
to be imaginative with a value system to guide him
B.
to be a technical genius with a wide vision
C.
to have an excellent academic record
D.
to be wise and mature
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
事实推理题。第3段最后一句说，"我将成为一个完整的工程师：集技术天才和人文学者于一体"，B"成为视野宽阔的技术天才"与原文相符，故选B。A、C、D均无原文支持或断章取义。
4
The author‘s experience shows that he was ________.
A.
creative
B.
irrational
C.
ambitious
D.
Unrealistic
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
事实推理题。根据第4段第2句"我的崇髙理想与现实发生了冲突"，以及下文对于作者在协调文理科之间的困难可知，原文的想法是不现实的，故可推断D正确。
5
The word"they"in"together they threaten to confuse."(Line 3，Para.5) refers to ________.
A.
practicality and rationality
B.
engineering and the liberal arts
C.
reality and noble ideals
D.
flexibility and a value system
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
词义理解题。they—般指代前一句话中的复数名词,根据最后一段的第1、2句"…engineering and the liberal arts simply don't mix as easily…together they threaten to confuse"可以推断，they指的是engineering and the liberal arts。
The National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside.Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not rich Government department.It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public.
The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4, 500-acre park and estate surrounding it.This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust's "Country House Scheme".Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and open to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses.Last year about one and three quarters of a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge.
In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousand five hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages.In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style.Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbance of any kind are permitted.The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.
So it is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big important organization and an essential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historical and cultural heritage.
6
The National Trust is ______.
A.
a rich government department
B.
a charity supported mainly by the public
C.
a group of areas of great natural beauty
D.
an organization supported by public taxes
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
事实细节题。从文章第1段末句可找到答案。选项A显然与原文意思相反，选项C和D则无原文依据。
7
The "Country House Scheme" was started _______________.
A.
with the founding of the National Trust
B.
as the first project of the National Trust
C.
after Lord Lothian's donation
D.
to protect Lord Lothian's house
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
推理判断题。第2段第2句表明洛锡安勋爵捐赠了他的房产后，这个计划才启动起来，因此选项C正确，也由此可以否定选项A。根据第2段最后两句可知这个计划是为了保护具有历史价值的房子,而不仅仅是为了保护洛锡安勋爵的房子，因此选项D不对。
8
Land protected by the National Trust ______________.
A.
can be developed and modernized
B.
includes naturally and historically valuable sites
C.
consists of country houses and nature reserves
D.
is primarily for tourists to Britain
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
事实细节题。最后一段从preserving开始的部分指出了本题的答案。第3段倒数第2句所说的"no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted"可帮助排除选项A;选项C内容不完整；选项D中的限制词primarily使用不妥,无原文依据。
9
The word "invade" in the last paragraph is used to emphasize that _____________.
A.
the British do not like tourists
B.
tourists to Britain are unfriendly
C.
tourists come to Britain in large numbers
D.
Britain is attacked by masses of tourists
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
词义推断题。由invade 所在的句子"for the millions of tourists who each year invade.。"可知这是托管会保护自然美景和历史胜地的原因所在。从而可以推断出invade强调来英国游玩的游客之多，因此选项C为正确答案。
10
The main purpose of this passage is to ______________.
A.
inform the readers about the National Trust
B.
promote the National Trust's membership
C.
make people aware of the natural beauty of Britain
D.
let the general public share the views of the National Trust
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
主旨大意题。纵观全文可发现the National Trust和the Trust在文章开头以及文中反复出现,文章是一篇说明文，主要目的是介绍the National Trust的机构性质及其功能，因此选项A正确。文章未讨论托管会的成员问题，因此选项B不正确。最后两段虽然提到英国的自然景色很美，但这并非文章的主题思想，因此选项C不对。本题最具干扰性的是选项D，但是本文并不是一篇议论文，其目的不是让读者认同其中的观点，文章更多的是用说明性的语言来说明托管会的一些做法。
Sign has become a scientific hot button.Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand.They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior.The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C., the world's only liberal arts university for deaf people.
When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing.But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher.
Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English.At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语).But Stokoe believed the "hand talk"his students used looked richer.He wondered: Might deaf people actually: have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? It was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing as"substandard".Stokoe's idea was academic heresy (异端邪说).
It is 37 years later.Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution.For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese.They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound.But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space."What I said," Stokoe explains, "is that language is not mouth stuff—it's brain stuff."
11
The study of sign language is thought to be ________.
A.
a new way to look at the learning of language
B.
a challenge to traditional, views on the nature of language
C.
an approach: to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language
D.
an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
从文章第3句"手语提供了一种新方法，用以探索大脑如何产生和理解语言，并为一个长期以来的科学争端——语言(连同语法)究竟是我们与生俱来的，还是一种我们后天学会的行为——提出了新的解释"可以看出，这是对语言的性质的传统观点的挑战，即B 。A错在learning,文章并不是在讨论语言的学习，而是语言的产生和理解；C为简单原词干扰D；中的an attempt to clarify misunderstanding是对throw new light on an old scientific controversy的曲解，因为controversy不等于misunderstanding。另外，第1段最后一句中的rebel"反叛"一词也与B中的"挑战"一致。
12
The present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by ________.
A.
a famous scholar in the study of the human brain
B.
a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts
C.
an English teacher in a university for the deaf
D.
some senior experts in American Sign Language
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
根据第1段最后一句可知，选C。题干中的was stimulated相当于原文中的has roots in。
13
According to Stokoe, sign language is ________.
A.
a Substandard language
B.
a genuine language
C.
an artificial language
D.
an international language
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
根据第3段第2—4句以及最后一段第3句，可知B为答案。前者提出猜想(Might deaf people actually have a genuine language?)，后者含有一个同位语 his idea that signed languages are natural languages。
14
Most educators objected to Stokoe's idea because they thought ________.
A.
sign language was not extensively used even by deaf people
B.
sign language was too artificial to be widely accepted
C.
a language should be easy to use and understand
D.
a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
根据最后一段第4句，可知D正确。D中的only exist in the form of speech sounds是对原文中be based on speech的同义表达。
15
Stokoe's argument is based on his belief that ________.
A.
sign language is as efficient as any other language
B.
sign language is derived from natural language
C.
language is a system of meaningful codes
D.
language is a product of the brain
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
根据文章最后一句，可知D正确。D中的a product of the brain是对原文中brain stuff的同义表达。B中的derived from错误，因为Stokoe认为sign language就是一种natural language。
Learning how to write is like taking a course in public speaking.I'd ask whether anyone in class had ever taken such a course.Always a few hands would go up.
"What did you learn in that course?" I'd ask.
"Well, the main thing was learning how to face an audience: not to be inhibited (拘谨)...not to be nervous."
Exactly, when you take a course in public speaking nowadays, you don't hear much about grammar and vocabulary.Instead.you're taught how not to be afraid or embarrassed, how to speak without a prepared script.how to read out to the live audience before you.Public speaking is a matter of overcoming your long-standing nervous inhibitions.
The same is true of writing.The point of the whole thing is to overcome your nervous inhibitions, to break through the invisible barrier that separates you from the person who'll read what you wrote.You must learn to sit in front of your typewriter of dictating machine and read out to the person at the other end of the line.
Of course, in public speaking with the audience right in front of you, the problem is easier.You can look at them and talk to them directly.In writing, you 're alone.It needs an effort of your experience or imagination to take hold of that other person and talk to him or her.But that effort is necessary or at least it' s necessary until you've reached the point when you quite naturally and unconsciously "talk on paper".
16
The main task of a public speech course is to __________.
A.
teach grammar and vocabulary
B.
teach how to write a script
C.
teach how to overcome nervousness
D.
teach live spoken-language expressions
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
事实细节题。原文第4段,特别是第4段的最后一句表明c为正确选项。本题稍具干扰性的是D，该选项中的live一词在第4段第2句末尾也有出现，但事实上D与该句的意思不相同。
17
Learning how to write is similar to learning how to speak in public in that writer should _____.
A.
overcome his or her nervousness in the first place
B.
take hold of a reader and talk to him or her before writing
C.
learn to use a typewriter or dictating machine
D.
talk to himself on paper
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
事实细节题。本题考查对比处。第5段第1句表明下一句就是演讲和写作的相似之处，而A就是对该句的同义替换。其他选项并未按照题目的要求对比演讲与写作，只是说明了写作必须做的，因此都不正确。
18
what does the author compare writing and public speaking?
A.
Writhing needs more experience and imagination than public speaking
B.
Both writing and public speaking require great effort
C.
Writhing is just as imagination as public speaking
D.
Writhing is not as natural as public speaking
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推理判断题。本题考查对比处。结尾段对比了演讲和写作的不同之处，第1、2句和第3、4句形成了内在的对比关系，由此可推断写作比演讲更需要经验和努力，因此可确定A正确，而C不正确。虽然在这一段可找到effort和naturally等词，但原文并没有从是否要付出同样多的努力(B)或是否自然(D)等方面对比演讲与写作，因此B和D也不正确。
19
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A.
Few students feel the need to learn public speaking
B.
Training is necessary before you can speak with a script
C.
In public speaking, the audience are more nervous than the speaker
D.
Writing is just like making a public speech on paper
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推理判断题。根据最后一句中的"在纸上说话",可推断作者认为写作如在纸上作演讲一样，因此D正确。A中的Few students与事实不符;B中的speak with a script在文中未有提及；C中的separated by a barrier错误。
20
This selection is mainly about ___________.
A.
the effort involved in writing
B.
the similarities between writing and public speaking
C.
learning how to make a public speech
D.
learning how to talk on paper
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
主旨大意题。文章的开头句就是全文的主题句，作者在前四段说明如何演讲，从第5段开始，作者转向说明如何写作,文章的结尾句对开头句做出了呼应。作者之所以将演讲和写作过程做比较是为了让自己的观点更容易、更生动地被读者明白和接受，因此本文的中心内容是围绕写作，而不是演讲。其余选项虽然文中都有提及，但只是各个具体的侧面内容，不能概括全文大意。
People appear to born to compute.The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably(坚定地) that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth.Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impress accuracy---one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs.Soon they are capable of nothing that they have placed five knives, spoons and forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware.Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction.It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.
Of course, the truth is not so simple.This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends.Children were observed as they slowly grasped----or, as the case might be, bumped into---- concepts that adults take for quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short glass into a tall thin one.Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed(说服) into finding the total.Such studies have suggested that the rudiments(基本原理) of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort.They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers-----the idea of a oneness, a twoness, a twoness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite(先决条件) for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table----is itself far from innate.
21
After children have helped to set the table with impressive accuracy, they ______.
A.
are able to help parents serve dishes
B.
tend to do more complicated housework
C.
are able to figure out the total pieces
D.
can enter a second-grade mathematics class
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
第1段第3句说的是题干内容，由第4句Soon…句中的five knives...等数字可知孩子会数数了,故可直接选出C。
22
It is _____to believe that the quality of water keeps unchanged when it is contained in two different glasses.
A.
easy to persuade children
B.
hard for most children
C.
the innate of most children
D.
difficult for both adults and children
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
第2段第3句中they refused...to concede...中的they指children,对比题干与原文意思可知孩子们是"难以相信(理解)，故选B。
23
It can be inferred from the passage that children are likely to _____when they are asked to count all the balls of different colors
A.
give the accurate answer
B.
count the balls of each color
C.
be too confused to do anything
D.
make minor mistakes
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
第2段倒数第3句。文章是以pencils为例进行说明的，题目中换成了balls,但是目的是相同的，都是为了表述儿童更愿意根据颜色的不同来数数，而不愿数总数，故B正确。A、D都没有提到；C的说法过于绝对，与文章表述也不相符。
24
According to this passage,_____is mastered by birth.
A.
the ability to survive in a desert island
B.
the way of setting tables
C.
the basic principles of mathematics
D.
the concept of oneness
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
这道题目需要认真理解了文章的意思才能正确作答。第1段的主题是:有些数字概念是人天生就有的；第2段的主题是:有一些是后天学习获得的。B是第1段中明确给出的例子，因此这个例子应该支持该段的主题。A 错误地理解了第1段最后举的例子。C和D在第2段最后提到,都不是先天获取的数学知识。
25
What's the author‘s attitude towards "children's numerical skills"?
A.
Critical.
B.
Approving.
C.
Questioning.
D.
Objective.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
考査全文的观点态度。纵观全文可知，作者很客观、如实地说明事实，分两段报告了心理学家的研究结果，并未做出任何评价，故D正确。题目中的children's numerical skills即全文的主题。
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