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Alarmed by a 20-year decline in student achievement，American schools are considering major upheavals（剧变）in the career structure of teacher. School boards are planning to abandon traditional salary schedules and single out outstanding teachers for massive pay rises. The lucky few will be called "master teachers" and earn as much as $ 40,000 a year instead of the present average of $ 19,000.
The idea is regarded with deep suspicion by the United States，biggest teachers' union, the National Education Association and the American Federation of Teachers. They say the creation of a cadre（结构）of elite teachers will sour professional relationships and encourage teachers to compete rather than cooperate. They also question whether a fair way can be devised to tell which teachers really do perform better than their colleagues.
But heightened public anxiety about secondary education appears to have given the master teacher concept unstoppable political momentum（力量，势头）. Florida and Tennessee are racing to introduce ambitious statewide master teacher schemes before the end of the year. Less grandiose（宏大的）proposals to pay teachers on the basis of merit instead of seniority have already been implemented in countless school districts and the Secretary of Education Mr. Terrell Bell recently promised substantial incentive grants to states which intend to follow their example.
Low pay is believed to be the single most important reason for the flight from teaching. The average salary of a teacher in the United States is just under $ 19,000, much less than that of an engineer（$ 34,700) and not much more than that of a secretary（$ 16,500). To make ends meet it is common for teachers to take second jobs in the evening and in their summer holidays. Women, who used to make up the bulk（大多数）of teacher candidates are turning to better paid professions.
The unions insist that the answer to this problem is to increase the basic pay of all teachers, but most states would find that too expensive. They would be better able to afford schemes that confine pay increases to a small number of exceptional teachers. Champions of the idea say it would at least hold out the promise of high pay and status to bright graduates who are confident of their ability to do well in the classroom, but are deterred by the present teachers opportunities for promotion.
1
The passage is mainly concerned with_____.
A.
American education
B.
American teachers
C.
decline in American students' achievements
D.
a great change in respect to teachers，pay
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
主旨题。通读全文，可知这篇文章丰要讲輿尽快解决教师工资过低的问题，如实施“精英教师计划”，所以选D项。其他选项与本文主题无关。
2
Which of the following is irrelevant to present salary schedules in American schools?
A.
Women are turning away from teaching positions.
B.
Most teachers take second jobs in their spare time.
C.
The public anxiety increases about secondary education.
D.
Competitive spirits are fostered among teachers.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。选项A和B在第四段最后两句都有明确叙述，所以是相关的；选项C在第三段第一句也有明确叙述，所以也是相关的；只有选项D的内容与现在美国的教师工资计划不相关。
3
"Master teachers" are selected because _____.
A.
they can get a much higher salary
B.
state budges are tight
C.
they are senior in their career
D.
the US biggest teachers unions doubt most teachers professional merits
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。根据第五段第一、第二句话可知，因为资金有限，只能给一小部分老师涨工资，所以才想出了“精英教师计划”，因此答案是B项。
4
What can NOT be inferred from the passage?
A.
The teachers unions hold that the solution to the problems of American education lies in the increase of basic pay for all the teachers.
B.
Brilliant graduates refuse to become teachers for the lack of opportunity in promotion.
C.
The state governments approve of the "master teacher scheme".
D.
The "master teacher scheme" has changed job views of some bright graduates.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推断题。选项A的根据在第五段第一句；选项B的根据在第五段最后一句；选项C的根据在第三段第二句和最后一句；我们在文中找不到选项D的根据，所以答案是D项。
5
What is most likely discussed in the following paragraphs?
A.
New teaching methodology.
B.
Ways to judge teachers' performance.
C.
Opinions from teachers' unions on teachers' pay increases.
D.
How teachers can be prevented from taking jobs in industry and business.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推断题。文章从几个方面论述了给老师增加工资的必要性，但如何根据老师们的表现和业绩来挑选精英教师呢？接下来应从这一点展开，所以应选B项。选项A与本文内容无关；选项C已在本文第二段有明确叙述，所以不需再赘述；选项D是如何防止教师在其他领域找工作即跳槽，也与本文主题不相关。
This book is written especially for students in an attempt to present the material that is most useful and interesting to them. Previous courses in chemistry are not necessary for the understanding of the material, although those students who have had high school chemistry will find that a review of the inorganic section will better enable them to master the organic and biochemistry sections that follow.
The author has felt that in the past there was an important selection of material from inorganic，organic, and biochemistry in the majority of the textbooks of chemistry for nurses. The tendency has been to develop the inorganic chemistry to such an extent that organic and biochemistry are covered too briefly. The recent advances in biochemistry and their widespread application to the practice of medicine and nursing have considerably altered the situation. Not only is biochemistry more closely allied to the practical chemistry of medicine and nursing but it is also of more interest to the student. In the author's experience the response to biochemistry has always been more favorable than to the other sections. Within the brief period allotted to chemistry, therefor, the sections on inorganic, organic, and biochemistry should be so arranged that a good share of the time is spent in the study of biochemistry. This book presents mainly those fundamentals of inorganic and organic chemistry that are necessary for the understanding of the section on biochemistry.
The fundamental points suggested in the Curriculum Guide are included in the book, with woe additions in the biochemistry section. The author feels that a study of urine, vitamins, nutrition, and hormones is so obviously a part of biochemistry that at least the fundamentals should be included in this course.
The book has been planned in such a way that it may be adapted to various courses in chemistry. The material suggested by the Curriculum Guide is covered in the first nineteen chapters and may be used in accelerated courses or where minimum time is allotted to chemistry. When the time allotted to the course is sixty to ninety hours the entire contents of the book may be used to advantage. While the book has been written especially to fit the needs of Schools of Nursing? it could readily be applied in instances where students are required to take but one course in chemistry.
The apathetic attitude of nonprofessional students toward a course in inorganic chemistry may well be overcome by the proper presentation of material selected from inorganic, organic, and biochemistry.
6
This piece of writing is_____________
A.
the record of an introductory speech
B.
a professor's letter to his students
C.
from a school announcement
D.
a preface to a course book
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推断题。这篇文章主要写的是一本书的内容、作者写这本书的目的及这本书的适用范围。因此这篇文章应是一本书的序言，选项D为正确答案。
7
To read this book，_____.
A.
one must first review his high school courses
B.
previous courses in chemistry is necessary
C.
a good mastery of biochemistry is essential
D.
one needn't have studied chemistry before
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。文章第一段的第二句话明确指出学习本书对是否学过化学方面的课程不做特别要求，因此选项D正确。其他选项与文章内容不符。
8
In the author's experience, the students are most interested in_____.
A.
chemistry as a whole
B.
inorganic chemistry
C.
organic chemistry
D.
biochemistry
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。根据文章的第二段第五句“In the author's experience the response to biochemistry has always been more favorable than to the other sections. ”根据作者自己的经验，学生对于生物化学部分的反馈总好过其他部分。因此学生更感兴趣的应该是生物化学(biochemistry)。
9
The definitions in this book are_____.
A.
hard to understand
B.
frightfully lengthy
C.
hard to remember
D.
simple and clear
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推断题。从文章第一段可以看出书中所下的定义应是simple and clear。因为这本书对是否学过化学方面的课程不做特别要求，其他选项均与文章内容不符。
10
Paragraph 4 suggests that one characteristic of this book is its_____.
A.
adaptability to various needs
B.
vividness of the language
C.
simplicity in presentation
D.
complexity of the plot
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。文章第四段第一句“The book has been planned in such a way that it may be adapted to various courses in chemistry”也是这一段的主题句，由此可以看出选项A是正确答案。其他选项内容均与文章内容不符。
One of the most important social developments that helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public education was the effect of the baby boom of the 1950's and I960 s on the schools. In the 1920's, especially in the Depression conditions of the 1930's, the United States experienced a declining birth rate — every thousand women aged fifteen to forty-four gave birth to about 118 live children in 1920, 89-2 in 1930, 75.8 in 1936, and 80 in 1940. With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the depression. Birth rates rose to 102 per thousand in 1946, 106.2 in 1950, and 118 in 1955. Although economics was probably the most important determinant, it is not the only explanation for the baby boom. The increased value placed on the idea of the family also helps to explain this rise in birth rates. The baby boomers began streaming into the first grade by the mid-1940's and became a flood by 1950. The public school system suddenly found itself overtaxed. While the number of the school children rose because of the wartime and postwar conditions，these same conditions made the schools even less prepared to cope with the flood. The wartime economy meant that few new schools were built between 1940 and 1945. Moreover, during the war and in the boom times that followed, large numbers of teachers left their profession for better paying jobs elsewhere in the economy.
Therefore, in the 1950's and 1960's，the baby boom hit the antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the "custodial rhetoric" of the 1930's and early 1940's no longer made sense, that is，keeping youths aged sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high priority for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children aged five to sixteen. With the baby boom，the focus of educators and of laymen interested in education inevitably turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and discipline. The system no longer had much interest in offering nontraditional, new and extra services to older youths.
11
What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.
The teaching profession during the baby boom.
B.
Birth rates in the United States in the 1930's and 1940's.
C.
The impact of the baby boom on public education.
D.
The role of the family in the 1950's and 1960's.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
主旨题。文章第一段第一句就告诉了我们文章的主题，即促成人们对公立学校教育作用的看法转变的重要原因之一是五六十年代的生育高峰对于教育事业的影响。选项B不是主题，而是文章主题的一个方面。文章未提及其他两个选项。
12
The word "it" in the sentence "it is not the only explanation for the baby boom." (Line 10, Para. 1) refers to_____.
A.
1955
B.
economics
C.
the baby boom
D.
value
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。根据文章第一段第九、第十行“Although economics was probably the most important determinant, it is not the only explanation for the baby boom.”可以确定 it 指的是经济（economics），其他选项均不符合句意。
13
The public schools of the 1950's and 1960's faced all of the following problems EXCEPT _____.
A.
a declining number of students
B.
old-fashioned facilities
C.
a shortage of teachers
D.
an inadequate number of school buildings
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。根据文章第一段最后两句，可以确定选项B、C、D均已涉及，只有选项A没有提到。
14
According to the passage, why did teachers leave the teaching profession after the outbreak of the war?
A.
They needed to be retrained.
B.
They were dissatisfied with the curriculum.
C.
Other jobs provided higher salaries.
D.
leaching positions were scarce.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。根据文章第一段最后一句，战争期间及其后的生育高峰期内，许多教师改行从事收入高的工作，可以看出教师改行的原因是选项C，其他选项均不符合题意。
15
The "custodial rhetoric" (Line 2, Para.2) refers to _____.
A.
raising a family
B.
keeping older individuals in school
C.
running an orderly households
D.
maintaining discipline in the classroom
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
词汇题。根据that is后面所作出的解释——使16岁及16岁以上的年轻人继续待在学校行不通了，因为学校没有校舍，也没有教师来教授5-16岁的孩子们。由此可以得出custodial rhetoric指的是选项B。
The government has almost doubled its spending on computer education in schools. Mr. William Shelton, junior Education Minister, announced that the Micro-electronics Education Program (MEP.is to run for two more years with additional funding of at least 9 million.
The program began in 1980, was originally due to end next year, and had a budget of 9 million. This has been raised in bits and pieces over the past year to 11 million. The program will now run until March 1986，at a provisional（临时的）cost of around 20 million.
MEP provides courses for teachers and develops computer programs for classroom use of personal computers. It is run in partnership with a Department of Industry program under which British-made personal computers are supplied to schools at half-price.
In that way，virtually every secondary school has been provided with at least one computer at a central cost to the tax payer of under 5 million. The primary schools are now being supplied in a 9 million program which got under way at the turn of the year.
But, as Mr. Shelton admitted yesterday "It's no good having the computers without the right computer programs to put into them and a great deal more is still needed." Hence MEP's new funds.
Mr. Shelton said yesterday that MEP's achievements in curriculum development and teacher training had shown that the computer could be used in all courses. About 15,000 secondary teachers have taken short courses in "computer awareness" - that is a necessary part of the half price computer offer and training materials are now being provided for 50,000 primary teachers. The reasoning behind MEP is that no child now at school can hope for a worthwhile job in the future economy unless he or she understands how to deal with computers - not in a vocational training sense, but in learning the general skill to extract the required information of the moment from the ever-spreading flood.
16
The original MEP program was expected to_____.
A.
last two years and cost nine million pounds
B.
last four years and cost nine million pounds
C.
last two years and cost eleven million pounds
D.
last tour years and cost eleven million pounds
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。根据文章第二段第一句“...was originally due to end next year, and had a budget of 9 million”，可以判断出选项A为正确答案。
17
The main aim of MI;.P is to help curriculum development and _____.
A.
provide personal computers for schools
B.
arrange for cheap computers to he supplied to schools
C.
show teachers to work with classes using computers
D.
train teachers to work with classes using computers
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。根据文章第三段第一句和第六段前两句，可以判断出选项D为正确答案。
18
Computers have now been introduced_____.
A.
in most secondary schools
B.
in all secondary schools
C.
in most primary schools, at half-price
D.
in most schools, at no expense to the taxpayer
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。参见文章第四段第一句virtually every secondary school表明“几乎每一所中学”，如果理解virtually—词的意思为“几乎”，就能答对本题。
19
The additional grant of money being provided is mainly_____.
A.
part of the agreement to supply computers cheaply
B.
to develop further computer programs for schools
C.
to train 50,000 primary teachers
D.
to provide courses for secondary teachers
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。根据文章第五段可知选项B与文章意思相符。
20
The reason for the introduction of computers in schools is that_____.
A.
in future, all teaching will be done with computers
B.
computer programmers will have better jobs in future
C.
large number of people will have to be trained as computer programmers
D.
people will need to understand them to obtain information in ther work.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“The reasoning behind MEP is that... from the ever-spreading flood.”可知，如果孩子们不会计算机操作，则不能在未来的经济社会中找到值得做的工作，但操作不是指职业训练，而是学会从繁多的信息中选取需要的信息。由此可以判断选项D与文章意思相符。
Most people have heard of Shakespeare and probably know something of the plays that he wrote. However, not everybody knows much about the life of this remarkable man, except perhaps that he was born in the market town of Stratford-upon-Avon and that he married a woman called Anne Hathaway. We know nothing of his school life. We do not know，for example, how long it lasted, but we presume that he attended the local grammar school，where the principal subject taught was Latin.
Nothing certain is known of what he did between the time he left school and his departure for London. According to a local legend（传说）, he was beaten and even put in prison for stealing rabbits and deer from the estate of a neighbouring landowner, Sir Thomas Lucy. It is said that because of this he was forced to run away from his native place. A different legend says that he was apprenticed to a Stratford butcher, but did not like the life and for this reason decided to leave Stratford.
Whatever caused him to leave the town of his birth, the world can be grateful that he did so. What is certain is that he set his foot on the road to fame when he arrived in London. It is said that at first he was without money or friends there, but that he earned a little by taking care of the horses of the gentlemen who attended the plays at the theatre. In time, as he became a familiar figure to the actors in the theatre, they stopped and spoke to him. They found his conversation so brilliant that finally he was invited to join their company.
21
In the early life of Shakespeare, he_____.
A.
attended a public school
B.
lived in London
C.
studied Latin
D.
was put in prison for stealing cattle
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。根据文章第一段最后一句“...we presume that...”推测出选项C与原文相符。而A项错在public school应为grammar school。根据第二段第一句可知，他是离开了学校后才到达伦敦，故B项不符合题意。根据第二段第二句“according to a local legend”可知，这只是个传说，并非事实，故D项也不符合题意。
22
Why was he forced to leave his native place according to this passage?
A.
Because he didn't want to go to school.
B.
Because he left for London to become famous.
C.
Because he had stolen deer and was beaten.
D.
No one knows for certain.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推断题。根据文章第二段，选项A、B、C都是人们传说的内容，并非事实，所以可除掉。D项为正确答案。
23
Why can the world be grateful?
A.
He wrote many world-famous plays.
B.
He became a good rider.
C.
He was an actor.
D.
He liked to travel all over the world.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推断题。根据文章第三段第二句“What is certain is that he set his foot on the road to fame... ”可知：至此他开始走上成功之道，逐渐享有盛誉。同时，根据对莎士比亚的常识性了解，可判断出A项正确。
24
"In time，as he became a familiar figure", "in time"（Line 4，Para.3) means_____.
A.
on time
B.
sometimes
C.
some time later
D.
some time
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
词汇题。根据文章第三段可知，莎士比亚到达伦敦后是一步步走向成功的，尤其是从第三段第三句中at first, in time（应理解为“后来”），故C项为正确答案。
25
The best title is _____.
A.
The Early Life of Shakespeare
B.
Shakespeare's Life in London
C.
Shakespeare's Role in Performance
D.
Shakespeare's Later Life
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
文章标题推断题。从全文可看出，作者主要谈论了莎士比亚成名前的生活，所以A项为正确答案。
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