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Teenage boys, regardless of race,are more likely to die from gunshot wounds than from all natural causes combined.
By the time the average American child leaves primary school, he or she will witness 8,000 murders and more than 100,000 acts of violence on television.
Youth are becoming involved in violence at an alarming rate. In fact, the young arrest rate for murder doubled, from 6 arrests per 100,000 youth aged from 10 to 17 to over 12 per 100,000.
The American Psychological Association Commission on Violence and Youth reported on a study of first and second graders in Washington DC:45% said they had witnessed muggings (行凶抢劫),31 % said they had witnessed shootings, and 39% said they had seen dead bodies.
For the many youth who have not been directly exposed to violence in their own communities, the entertainment media (television, movies, music and video games) provides many opportunities for children to see and hear violent exchanges. Research shows that there are about 5-6 violent acts per hour on prime time and 20-25 violent acts on Saturday morning children's programming. In its report, the American Psychological Association (APA) reported that viewing violence on television hurts children in many ways. In particular, the APA concludes that children may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others,be more fearful of the world around them,be more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways toward others, and graduallyaccept violence as a way to solve problems. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry also cautions that children may imitate the violence they observe on television.
Another form of violence involving youth is physical punishment in the schools. This form of discipline still remains legally supported in 23 nations in America. The Office for Civil Rights in the Department of Education reported that 555,000 students were physically punished in the schools during this school year. Although such punishment has been regarded as an effectivemethod of discipline by those who apply it, the findings are obvious that physical punishment does not work and that children who are victims of physical punishment are subject to potential long-term physical and emotional damage.
1
According to the passage, the American teenage boys,lives are most threatened by ______
A.
gun murders
B.
natural diseases
C.
TV violence
D.
physical punishment
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
事实细节题。本题考查对比处。根据第1段中的more likely…than可知选项A正确,选项B可由此排除。选项C和D虽在文中有提到,但作者并无讨论它们是否危及孩子的生命。
2
The author tends to use the fourth paragraph to support the idea that _____
A.
many youth have watched much violence on TV
B.
youth violence in Washington D.C is very serious
C.
fights may be the most widely-seen youth violence
D.
American youth have been exposed to much violence
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
主旨大意题。文章第1和第2段提出话题:小孩接触太多暴力。第3段和第4段讨论小孩遇到的严重暴力,如murder, muggings等,为主题服务,因此本段应支持文章开头提出的话题。本段说明的是现实生活中的暴力,而非电视上的,故选项A不对,选项B和C都只是对本段中某个现象的描述。
3
The APA indicates that too much TV violence may change children ______
A.
to become separated from the world
B.
to remain indifferent to others' pain
C.
to solve problems only by violence
D.
to be fearful of aggressive behaviors
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
推理判断题。本题考査列举处。选项B是对第5段倒数第2句中become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others的近义替换,因此正确。选项A中的isolated并不等同于文中的fearful,也不是因为害怕世界必然带来的结果。选项C中的only过于绝对,文中只说a way。选项D拼凑了原句中的某些词语,但文中并无此意。
4
The passage does NOT discus that many youth become victim of ______
A.
murders
B.
family violence
C.
TV violence
D.
school violence
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
主旨大意题。本文结构可分为四部分:第1段和第2段总起,指出论题;第二部分讨论murder等严重暴力;第三部分即第5段讨论TV violence;第四部分即最后一段讨论学校里的体罚,也就是school violence。因此只有选项B没有在文中讨论。
5
The author may most probably agree that physical punishment is _________
A.
acceptable, though ineffective
B.
illegal,though effective
C.
harmful, though legal
D.
reasonable, though illegal
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
观点态度题。根据最后一段,特别是最后一句,可以推断作者认为体罚不起作用,并对学生身心产生有害的影响,由此可见,作者不认同体罚,因此选项A和D不正确。选项B中的illegal与文中说法相反,因此也不正确。
More surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving. As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people: relative to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover, after a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro- marriage context: some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus, marriage remains by far the preferred way of life for the vast majority of the people in our society.
What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. Twenty- five years ago, the typical American family consisted of the husband, the wife, and two or three children. Now, there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children, and there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wife's previous marriage, or the husband's, or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses .
Thus, one can find every type of tamely arrangement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children from only the present marriages; marriages with"full - time"children from both the present and former marriages; marriages with"full- time"children from the present marriage and"part- time"children from former marriages. There are stepfathers, stepmothers, half- brothers and half-sisters. It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! These are enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so, even in the midst of all this, there remains one constant: most Americans spend most of their adult lives married.
6
By calling Americans a marrying people the writer means that ________.
A.
Americans are more traditional than Europeans
B.
More Americans prefer marriage and at a younger age than European
C.
most divorced individuals remarry
D.
marriage is the most important part of American life
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
事实细节题。本题考查特殊符号处。作者在第1段第2句很清楚地在Americans are a marrying people后面用冒号引出对这一说法的解释。对比选项A与选项B,就可发现选项A不够完整。
7
From the first paragraph we can know that ____
A.
traditional marriage now runs into difficulty
B.
marriage rate has been rising since the 1970
C.
marriage rate in Europe is rather low
D.
European marry when they are quite old
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
推理判断题。第1段第1句的主语揭示了答案应为选项A。选项B与原文第1段第3句的陈述不符,选项C和D均无原文依据。
8
Which of the following can be presented as the picture of today's American families?
A.
There are no nuclear families any more.
B.
A family usually consists of only a husband ,a wife and two or three children
C.
a child usually has four grandparents
D.
Many types of family rearrangements have become socially acceptable.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
推理判断题。本题涉及第2段的理解,该段第1句是一个主语从句,也可视为该段的主题句,点出了本段的主题是nuclear family,该段其他句子描述了什么是nuclear family。本题其实考査哪个选项是对nuclear family的正确描述,明白了第2段的结构后,找出正确答案就不难了。
9
"Part-time "children ____
A.
do part-time job to earn their living
B.
spend all of their time with one parent from the previous marriage
C.
are shared between the two former spouses
D.
are quite unusual even in the U.S.A
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
推理判断题。在最后一段第1句中,通过对比full-time和part-time的本义,以及联系上下文讲到的家庭现象,可以推断出part-time children应是指时不时和父亲或母亲生活的小孩,由此可见,选项C是正确答案。 选项A毫无原文依据,B明显错误,题干中问的是part-time children,故显然不可能spend all of their time,否则修饰语就应该是full-time,选项D与"It is not all that unusual…"相悖。
10
Even though great changes have taken place in the structure of American families, ________ .
A.
the functions of marriage remain unchanged
B.
most Americans prefer a second marriage
C.
the vast majority of Americans still have faith in marriage
D.
nuclear family is alive and thriving
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
推理判断题。文章结尾处暗示了答案。原文并未讨论婚姻的功能,故选项A不对,选项B并无依据,选项D有悖第2段第1句的意思。
A friend of mine, in response to a conversation we were having about the injustices of life, asked me the question, "Who said life was going to be fair, or that it was even meant to be fair?" Her question was a good one. It reminded me of something I was taught as a youngster: life isn't fair. It's a disappointment, but it's absolutely true. One of the mistakes many of us make is that we feel sorry for ourselves, or for others, thinking that life should be fair, or that someday it will be. It's not and it won't be.
One of the nice things about surrendering to the fact that life isn't fair is that it keeps us from feeling sorry for ourselves by encouraging us to do the very best we can with what we have. We know it's not "life's job"to make everything perfect: it's our own challenge. Surrendering to this fact also keeps us from feeling sorry for others because we are reminded that everyone is dealt a different hand; everyone has unique strengths and problems in the process of growing up, facing the reality and making decisions; and everyone has those times that they feel unfairly treated.
The fact that life isn't fair doesn't mean we shouldn't do everything in our power to improve our own lives or the world as a whole. To the contrary, it suggests that we should. When we don't recognize or admit that life isn't fair, we tend to feel pity for others and for ourselves. Pity, of course, is a self-defeating emotion that does nothing for anyone, except to make everyone feel worse than they already do. When we do recognize that life isn't fair, however, we feel compassion for others and for ourselves. And compassion is a heartfelt emotion that delivers loving-kindness to everyone it touches. The next time you find yourself thinking about the injustices of the world, try reminding yourself of this very basic fact. You may be surprised that it can make you out of self-pity and into helpful action.
11
The author thought of his friend's question as a good one, because _______.
A.
he also wanted to know who held such an opinion
B.
it made him recall something during his childhood
C.
like his friend, he also thought life was unfair
D.
he learned something from the question as a youngster
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
推理判断题。本题考查隐含的因果关系。第1段破折号后面的内容为隐含的原因,由此可见C为本题正确选项A没有原文依据,选项B与结论并无合理的因果关系,选项D对原文有曲解,原文是说这个问题使作者想起了年轻时候的往事,而并不是选项D中说的leam from the question。
12
Surrendering to the fact that life isn't fair will ________.
A.
keep us from making everything perfect
B.
keep us from doing everything in our power
C.
make us face challenges in the life bravely
D.
make us know it's our duty to perfect things
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
事实细节题。本题考查复合句的理解。第2段首句中 do the very best we can 与第2句We know…it's our challenge表明选项D为本题正确答案。本题最具干扰性的是选项C,其中的challenge在第2句明确提到,但是此处的challenge不是指挑战生活,而是指本句第一个分句中提到的"让所有事情完美"。
13
The second paragraph of the passage mainly discusses _______.
A.
it's nice to accept the injustice of life
B.
it's nice to surrender to the life
C.
we should not surrender to the life
D.
we should not feel sorry for ourselves
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
主旨大意题。本段第1句是主题句,理解这个同位语从句是关键,只有选项A表达了这一句的意思。要注意其中surrender的宾语是the fact that life isn't fair,而不是life,这样就可以否定最具干扰性的B选项了。
14
In the last paragraph, "this very basic fact" refers to the fact that ________.
A.
you should not pity for others
B.
life isn't and won't be fair
C.
sympathy is a heartfelt emotion
D.
pity is a self-defeating emotion
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
词义推断题。本题考查this所指的理解。最后一段倒数第2句中,this very basic fact指的是本句的从句中的the injustices of the world,另外,短语the fact that life isn't fair在文中反复出现,是本文的主题,因此结合上下文可以推出答案。其余三项虽然在文中均有提及,但只是个别细节,并非作者反复强调的中心话题。
15
From the passage, we can learn that the author's attitude to life is ________.
A.
positive
B.
negative
C.
Self-pity
D.
indifferent
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
观点态度题。作者批评了自怜的情绪,提出对他人要有同情心,强调承认生活不公平并不是向生活妥协,而是将我们从自我怜悯中摆脱出来,采取一些有积极意义的行动,由此可见,作者对生活的态度是积极的,即选项A。
Americans are pound of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity (身份) than to step out of uniform?
Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.
Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.
16
It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality ________.
A.
still judge a man by his clothes
B.
hold the uniform in such high regard
C.
enjoy having a professional identity
D.
will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
事实细节题。根据文章首句转折词yet后面的信息"尽管美国人很为他们的多样性和个性自豪,但是没有什么比制服更让他们喜爱与尊敬的了"结合核心词uniform及同义表达(hold…in high regard即respect),故选B。
17
People are accustomed to think that a man in uniform ________.
A.
suggests quality work
B.
discards his social identity
C.
appears to be more practical
D.
looks superior to a person in civilian clothes
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
推理判断题。根据第2段第2句"人们习惯性地期望穿制服的人有较高的专业素质",故选A。选项D错在用superior来比较人了,文中用的是superior quality。
18
The chief function of a uniform is to ________.
A.
provide practical benefits to the wearer
B.
make the wearer catch the pubic eye
C.
inspire the wearer's confidence in himself
D.
provide the wearer with a professional identity
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
主旨大意题。根据第 2 段首句"they look more professional than civilian clothes"及尾句的反问"What easier way is there…to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform? "选含有高频词汇 professional的D。
19
According to the passage, people wearing uniforms ________.
A.
are usually helpful
B.
have little or no individual freedom
C.
tend to lose their individuality
D.
enjoy greater popularity
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
推理判断题。根据第4段首句中的"loss of individuality"进行同义替换,选C。
20
The best title for this passage would be ________.
A.
Uniforms and Society
B.
The Importance of Wearing a Uniform
C.
Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform
D.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
主旨大意题。根据第2至4段首句的对比,对于文章最好的概括为选项D"制服的优缺点"。
Congratulations, Mr. Jones, it's a girl."
Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different response from every man who hears these words. Some feel pride when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly.
Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the shift from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this reconciliation (协调) process. Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of fathers.
It is argued by some writers that the change to the father's role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the change the wife must take to the mother's role. The mother's role seems to require a complete transformation in daily routine and highly innovative(创新的) adaptation. On the other hand, the father's role is less demanding and immediate. However, even though we mentioned the fact that growing numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household.
21
What can we know about fatherhood from the passage?
A.
It brings a feeling of excitement to most man
B.
It make some man feel proud and others uneasy
C.
It has a different meaning for men who have daughters
D.
It means a responsibility that men accept unwillingly
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
事实细节题。由第2段第2句中的pride和worry可以判断选项B是对该句的近义替换。选项A原文未提到。选项C曲解了原文第2段第1句的意思,该句中的"Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning"表示对于每个男人来说当上父亲具有不同的意义,而不是就琼斯先生而言。第2段最后一句表明只有部分人不情愿接受责任,因此在D选项men前面加上some才正确。
22
What does the passage say about the shift from the role of husband to that of father?
A.
Numerous books have been written about it.
B.
Not enough attention has been paid to it.
C.
The shift is harder for men than for women.
D.
The shift is a difficult but incomplete one.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
推理判断题。根据第3段最后两句可以推断选项B正确。选项A与第3段最后一句陈述的相反。最后一段第1句虽有提及向父亲角色的转变很困难,但并未像选项C那样对比。选项D错在incomplete一词,文中并未提及与该词相关的内容。
23
What can we know about mothers from the passage?
A.
Mothers get more attention and recognition from society
B.
Mothers are innovative and demanding according to some writers
C.
Mothers generally stay at home to take care of the children
D.
Mothers should help fathers in their reconciliation process
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
推理判断题。本题可用排除法。选项B曲解了最后一段第2、3句对母亲角色的描述。选项C与原文最后一句不符。选项D原文未提及。只有选项A概括了全文关于母亲的论述,而且第2段最后一句也暗示母亲受到的关注更多。
24
Which of the following will the author most probably disagree with?
A.
It's as difficult to be a father as it is to be a mother.
B.
More books should focus on the role of fathers.
C.
The father is still the breadwinner in the household.
D.
Fathers are as important to children as mothers.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
推理判断题。最后一句提到很多人仍然认为父亲应该负担家计,但从本句的用词如even though和still可以看出作者对这种看法并不认同,由此可以判断只有选项C作者可能不赞成。
25
The author's purpose in writing this passage is to
A.
explain why there are few books on the role of fathers.
B.
praise mothers for their great contributions to the home.
C.
criticize fathers for not taking enough responsibility in bringing up the children.
D.
complain about the lack of social programs to help fathers in their role shift.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
主旨大意题。原文第1、2段讲到父亲们对将为人父的不同反应;第3段指出很少有人尝试帮助父亲完成角色的转换;最后一段是一些作家对此做出的不太符合事实的解释,因此,只有选项D能概括文章的写作目的。选项A只是文中第2段中的某个细节;选项B的重点是mother,与本文的论题不符;作者并无批评父亲之意,因此选项C不正确。
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