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Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the websites you've visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.
In fact, it's likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen—the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.
Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it's important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.
The key question is: Does that matter?
For many Americans, the answer apparently is "no".
When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is "slipping away, and that bothers me. "
But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠券),
But privacy does matter—at least sometimes. It's like health; when you have it, you don't notice it. Only when it's gone do you wish you'd done more to protect it.
1
What does the author mean by saying "the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked" (Para. 2)?
A.
People's personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.
B.
In the 21st century people try every means to look into others' secrets.
C.
People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.
D.
Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干中的Para. 2定位到第二段。语义理解题。由定位段可知，有人会在未经允许的情况下窃取我们的个人信息，作者说21世纪就等于赤身裸体，也就是说个人信息很容易在不知道的情况下被人获取，故选A)。
2
What do psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?
A.
Friends should open their hearts to each other.
B.
Friends should always be faithful to each other.
C.
There should be a proper distance even between friends.
D.
There should be fewer disputes between friends.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
由题干中的psychologists和friends定位到第三段第一句。细节辨认题。由定位句可知，心理学家认为与他人保持一定界限是有益的，向朋友、家人、爱人倾诉时也要看时机和有所保留，故选C）。
3
Why does the author say "we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret" (Line 5, Para. 3)?
A.
The modern society has finally evolved into an open society.
B.
People leave traces around when using modern technology.
C.
There are always people who are curious about others, affairs.
D.
Many search engines profit by revealing people's identity.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
由题干中的Line 5, Para. 3定位到第三段后三句。推理判断题。由定位句可知，在数字时代,我们在使用高科技时所留下的点滴信息都会为陌生人了解我们提供线索。例如谷歌搜索引擎就会泄漏我们的想法。进而得出结论：我们正生活在一个越来越不能保守秘密的世界里。选项B)符合文意。
4
What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?
A.
They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.
B.
They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.
C.
They rely more and more on electronic devices.
D.
They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
由题干中的What do most Americans do定位到第七段第一句。细节辨认题。由定位句可知，人们言行不一，随后举例说明美国人会为了一点利益而提供个人信息，因此选D)。
5
According to the passage, privacy is like health in that____.
A.
people will make every effort to keep it
B.
its importance is rarely understood
C.
it is something that can easily be lost
D.
people don't cherish it until they lose it
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
由题干中的privacy is like health定位到最后一段最后两句。推理判断题。由定位句可知，作者把隐私同健康作比较，当拥有时，不曾注意到它，一旦失去才知其珍贵。D)与定位句意义一致。
Valentine's Day is supposed to be about love and romance. But unfortunately, it can be just the opposite. Because of that, Feb. 15 starts the busy season for divorce lawyers, as people who were unhappy with their marriages heading into the day often decide that they no longer want to be with the one they used to love.
A study of divorce filings (案件) in New York, Illinois and California by AttorneyFee.com, a legal referral (推荐）site, found that February is the busiest month of the year for divorce filings, up about 18% from the average month. And those seeking referrals for a divorce lawyer on the site increase 38% following the holiday, with the biggest spike (峰值) on the day after Valentine's.
Another legal site, Avvo.com, reports a 40% increase in those seeking information and advice about divorce in the period right after Valentine's Day.
"There's a very large number of people who are considering the divorce all the time, deciding whether or not to file," said Richard Komaiko, a co-founder of Attorney Fee. "On Valentine's Day, they take stock of things. "
Komaiko said February has factors other than the holiday that could lead to an increase in divorces. January is the busiest month of the year for bankruptcy filings, highlighting the financial problems that often divide couples. In addition, the cold weather of February can keep couples that are having trouble indoors and closer to each other, adding to problems.
But Alton Abramowitz, president of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers, believes the holiday itself often brings things to a head for couples who are having trouble. "There's always the clients who come in a day or two after saying ‘I can't believe it, I made this beautiful dinner for my husband for Valentine's Day, he called to say he was stuck in the office and then didn't come home at all. '" Abramowitz said for a person who is being unfaithful to a spouse, the day can create problems that lead to them finally getting caught. "The person who is cheating is caught in the middle; they have to satisfy the spouse and their lover, and more often than not that's an impossible feat (壮举) to achieve," he said.
6
What makes Valentine's Day convey the meaning opposite to love and romance?
A.
Valentine's Day won't bring people love and romance.
B.
Many divorce filings change the nature of Valentine's Day.
C.
Couples having troubles tend to split up after Valentine's Day.
D.
Divorce lawyers dislike the atmosphere of Valentine's Day.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
由题干中的opposite to love and romance定位到第一段。推理判断题。由定位段可知，对于一些对婚姻不满的夫妻来说，情人节可能不会充满爱和浪漫。究其原因是，这些对婚姻不满的夫妻往往选择情人节过后决定与伴侣分开。由于离婚人数较多，离婚律师在2月15日这天便开始了他们一年中的职业旺季，故正确答案为C)。
7
According to the study made by Attorney Fee. com, divorce filings are____.
A.
occurring most after Valentine's Day
B.
more likely to be handled online
C.
less connected with Valentine's Day
D.
at the height of popularity in February
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
由题干中的study, AttorneyFee.com及divorce filings定位到第二段。细节辨认题。由定位段可知，AttorneyFee网站调查发现，2月是一年里离婚诉讼最多的月份，比普通月份高出大约18%；在网站上寻求离婚咨询的人也在情人节后增加38%，其中情人节后第一天最多。故D)为正确答案。
8
People intending to divorce may make use of Valentine's Day to_____.
A.
reflect on divorcing
B.
make negotiations
C.
take legal action
D.
put divorcing aside
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干中的make use of Valentine's Day定位到第四段。推理判断题。由定位段可知，Richard Komaiko认为，有很多人一直想离婚，犹豫是否提出申请，他们会在情人节这天对整件事做个分析判断。本段末句中的 take stock of sth. 意思是"对某事做出估计，估量"，与reflect on"反思，仔细考虑"意思一致，故正确答案为A)。
9
According to Komaiko, why do divorces grow in number in February?
A.
Because of Valentine's Day, financial problems and the cold weather.
B.
Because the long winter holiday makes couples hard to get through.
C.
Because of holidays, bankruptcy and unfaithful affairs.
D.
Because Valentine's Day gets couples into financial trouble.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干中的Komaiko和grow in number定位到第五段。细节辨认题。由定位段可知，Komaiko认为2月份离婚增多的原因除了情人节因素外，还有因破产引发的家庭经济纠纷因素。此外，2月的寒冷天气使伴侣待在家中的时间增多，近距离的长期接触使本来就紧张的夫妻关系雪上加霜。故 A)为正确答案。
10
What does Alton Abramowitz mean when he believes "the holiday... brings things to a head"？
A.
He means the holiday makes couples very mad.
B.
He means the couples think more on the holiday.
C.
He means the holiday worsens couples' relationship.
D.
He means the couples are bored to spend the holiday.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
由题干中的Alton Abramowitz和引号里的内容定位到最后一段第一句。推理判断题。根据下文，在Alton Abramowitz讲述的案例中，正是因为是情人25节，所以妻子为丈夫准备晚餐想一起庆祝，但她发现丈夫因其他事不能回家，这无疑会为本就紧张的夫妻关系火上浇油。由此案例可以推断，情人节会使存在矛盾的夫妻关系更加紧张。bring sth. to a head意思是"使情况愈发紧张，使尖锐化"，故正确答案为C)。
Telecommuters fall into two camps. Some sit on the sofa watching daytime soaps, pausing occasionally to check their BlackBerrys. Most, however, do real work, undistracted by meetings and talkative colleagues.
In the future more people will work from home. With office space in London and New York so costly, many firms save money by encouraging staff to work in their pyjamas. Instead of having to bury their noses in strangers' armpits on crowded trains, they can work via e-mail, Skype and virtual private networks.
Yet, in research published in MIT Sloan Management Review, Daniel Cable of the London Business School shows that telecommuters are less likely to be promoted. In one experiment, subjects were asked to judge scenarios (场景) in which the only difference was whether the employee was at his office desk or at home. Managers rated those at the office to be more dependable and industrious, regardless of the quality of their work.
Visibility creates the illusion of value. Being the last to leave the office impresses bosses, even if you are actually larking around (胡闹) on Facebook. Oddly, this holds true at firms that explicitly encourage staff to work from home. Many Californian tech firms asked employees not to come to the office too often; yet bosses unconsciously penalised those who obeyed.
Remote workers understand this. Many frequently sent their bosses progress reports to prove they are on the job. A fifth of the workers in the study admitted to leaving an e-mail or voice mail early or late in the day. Still, many are not as smart as they think. Some choose a Monday or Friday to work at home. That, says Mr. Cable, makes others think they are keen to extend the weekend.
A culture of presenteeism (全勤主义) hurts working mothers most. Many women (and some men) work from home to allow themselves the flexibility to pick up kids from school. That need not mean they produce less; only that they do it at a time and a place of their own choosing. Some firms, such as Best Buy, an electronics retailer, recognise this and try hard to evaluate staff solely on performance. But this is not easy. Intangibles such as teamworking skills matter, too. Mr. Cable thinks homeworking will lose its stigma (耻辱) only when most people do it. Or perhaps when the boss is telecommuting, too.
11
What is most likely the main cause of the increasing number of telecommuters?
A.
Attractive daytime soaps.
B.
Annoying talkative colleagues.
C.
High-tech mobile phones.
D.
Increasing location rents.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
由题干中的telecommuters定位到第二段第二句。细节辨认题。由定位句可知，由于伦敦和纽约的写字楼租金非常昂贵，很多公司通过鼓励员工在家办公来节省资金。由此可知,D)"不断上涨的场地租金"是远程工作者人数增加的主要原因，故为正确答案。
12
Why do telecommuters probably get fewer opportunities for promotion?
A.
Their quality of work is worse.
B.
They are inefficient at their work.
C.
They are misjudged by the bosses.
D.
They spend less time working.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
由题干中的telecommuters和promotion定位到第三段第一句和最后一句。推理判断题。由定位句可知，远程办公的员工升职的可能性会更小，因为无论工作质量怎么样，管理者会认为那些在办公室里面工作的员工更加勤奋可靠。由此推知，C)"他们会被老板误判"与之符合，故为正确答案。
13
What does the example of many Californian tech firms prove?
A.
Working at home is impractical in tech firms.
B.
Bosses often don't keep their promises.
C.
Employees should judge when to obey.
D.
Employees' presence at office raises their value.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
由题干中的Californian tech firms定位到第四段第一句和最后一句。推理判断题。由定位句可知，看见员工工作给人一种这是一个好员工的假象。举出加利福尼亚地区的科技公司这一例子也是为了证明这一观点，由此可知 D)"员工出现在办公室会提升他们的价值"与之符合，故为正确答案。
14
What do wise telecommuters do to prove that they are on the job?
A.
They give timely accounts of their work progress to their bosses.
B.
They check their e-mails and voice mails every day.
C.
They discuss the work with their bosses.
D.
They spend some time working on weekends.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干中的on the job定位到第五段第二句。细节辨认题。定位句提到，很多人频繁地向老板发送进度报告来证明他们正在工作。由此可知，A)为正确答案。
15
What is the biggest disadvantage of working at home according to the last paragraph?
A.
The traditional working culture can be hurt.
B.
Mothers' work may be disrupted by their kids.
C.
Retailers can't get enough on-site employees.
D.
Employees may lack chances to develop certain skills.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
由题干中的disadvantage和the last paragraph定位到原文最后一段倒数第三句。推理判断题。定位句指出，一些无形的东西也同样重要，比如团队合作能力。由此可以推断出D)"员工们或许会缺乏提高某些技能的机会"与文意相符，故为正确答案。
Immigration is regarded by the public as the biggest issue facing British society, a major new survey taking stock of the state of the country reveals. One in three people believes tension between immigrants and people born in the UK is the major cause of division, while well over half regard it as one of the top three causes.
Over the past two decades, both immigration and emigration have increased to historically high levels, with those entering the country exceeding those leaving by more than 100 000 in every year since 1998. Yet the survey in a report by the think tank British Future also suggests the country is, at heart, tolerant of those who come to its shores. While one in four thinks being born here is important to being British, two-thirds of people believe the welfare state should be open to those born abroad who have contributed to society and play by the rules.
The poll results are being released as communities secretary Eric Pickles prepares to give a major speech in which he will announce further efforts to aid integration. Pickles will say that a mastery of English is the key to social mobility and essential if people of different generations want to get on. He will stress that a shared language is vital for our economy. And he will highlight it is as the key to uniting people and increasing their understanding of one another.
Sunder Katwala, director of British Future, said the survey highlighted a national anxiety about immigration to which national politicians needed to respond. However, he also noted that the results suggested that when people thought about their local areas, there was less concern. While 30% placed immigration first when thinking about tensions facing British society as a whole, only 19% chose it as the most divisive issue in their own area.
There was also very little correlation (关联) between the geographical distribution of immigrants and the levels of concern. Immigration was regarded as the most divisive issue for 19% of people in north-east England and 20% in Wales—where the 2011 census shows one in 20 people were born abroad—and for 20% of Londoners, where immigrants make up one in three of the population.
16
Why do the British regard immigration as the biggest issue of British society?
A.
It brings down the quality of life in Britain.
B.
It initiates severe conflicts in the country.
C.
It damages the unity of British society.
D.
It deprives native British of some rights.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
由题干中的the biggest issue of British society定位到第一段第二句。细节辨认题。定位句提到，三分之一的人认为，外来移民和土生土长的英国人之间的紧张局势是造成分裂的最主要原因，而超过一半的人也把它列为前三大原因之一。由此可知，C)为正确答案。
17
What does the report of British Future show?
A.
British people believe only natives can enjoy the British welfare.
B.
British people know that the immigrants make great contributions.
C.
Some British people worry that immigrants may not follow the rules.
D.
Most British people are tolerant of those immigrants born abroad.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
由题干中的British Future定位到第二段第二句。细节辨认题。由定位句可知，"英国未来"这个智囊团发表的报告中的调查指出，英国从内心深处对于那些移民是宽容的，故D)符合题意。
18
What can help integration according to Eric Pickles?
A.
High social mobility.
B.
Excellent use of English.
C.
Shared knowledge of economy.
D.
Mutual understanding.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
由题干中的integration和Eric Pickles定位到文章第三段后三句。推理判断题。由定位句可知，Pickles将指出熟练掌握英语是社会流动以及各年龄段民众和谐相处的必要条件。他还会强调这是团结人们并增加相互理解的关键，故B)为正确答案。
19
How do people feel the tension in their local areas?
A.
The national tension influences the local atmosphere.
B.
Politicians don't pay enough attention to the local tension.
C.
It has different traits compared with the tension in the whole nation.
D.
Tension in local areas is less serious than the national one.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
由题干中的the tension in their local areas定位到文章第四段第二、三句。推理判断题。由定位句可知，当人们考虑到自己所处的局部地区时，忧虑明显减少。当考虑到英国社会整体所面临的紧张局势时，30%的人将移民问题放在首位，而将视线放到他们所生活的地区时，只有19%的人认为移民是造成分裂的最主要原因。由此推断局部地区的紧张局势没有英国整个社会的紧张局势严重，故D)为正确答案。
20
What can be learned about the distribution of immigrants in Britain?
A.
The percentage of immigrants varies little in geography.
B.
The distribution of immigrants reflects the level of anxiety.
C.
The percentage of immigrants is higher in London than that in Wales.
D.
The distribution of immigrants has changed very little since 2011.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
由题干中的the distribution of immigrants in Britain定位到最后一段第二句。推理判断题。由定位句可知，英格兰东北部19%的人和威尔士 20%的人认为移民问题是内部分裂的最大原因。2011年的人口普查显示，在以上两个地区中，5%的人在国外出生。而在外来移民占人口三分之一的伦敦，认为移民问题是内部分裂的最大原因的人占到了20%。由此可知，相比较而言，伦敦的移民比例比威尔士要高，故C)正确。
I spent Monday morning at a speed awareness course, whereas I had been dispatched for failing to notice a speed camera on the other side of a dual carriageway. It was an interesting opportunity for the examination of the emotional mechanisms underlying moral conduct. Driving a car is almost certainly the most dangerous thing that any of us do in our lives. Certainly, it's the most dangerous to other people. Even the ghastly (令人震惊的) Mexican drug wars (60 000 killed since 2006) are not more lethal than the traffic there, which kills about 17 000 people every year.
One interesting thing is that there was no attempt by our lecturers to make explicit the moral dimensions of what we had done. I'm not saying there should have been. It wouldn't have been effective. But the emphasis was entirely on self-interest and the unpleasant social and financial consequences of being caught again.
Related to this was the extraordinary lack of regret or even interest shown by some of the participants. I was sitting next to a man who ran a minicab company and consistently guessed that the speed limits on various classes of roads were anything up to 20mph lower than they actually are. This did not mean that he drove at 20mph below the limit, only that he assumed that he was speeding all the time and everywhere.
The only time there was an outbreak of moral outrage was when one of our members confessed that he sometimes rode a bicycle. Cyclists, we rapidly learned, were vile, dangerous outlaws who shot red lights, paid no tax, rode on the pavement and behaved with utter disregard for the safety of anyone else on the road. While this noise was going on, I had a small epiphany (顿悟). The cyclists were hated because they are cheats. They are getting away with something that car drivers cannot.
Especially in London traffic, the cyclist appears as a figure high above all laws and duns. The motorist is born free, but everywhere he is in queues. The courier burning through a red light, even the quiet law-abiding cyclist like me who only rides very slowly through red lights, demonstrates the freedom that car drivers have traded for comfort.
21
Why did the author attend the speed awareness course?
A.
Because his speeding was recorded by a camera.
B.
Because he thought the course would be interesting.
C.
Because he was conducting research on dangerous driving.
D.
Because he wanted to control emotions while driving.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干中的the speed awareness course定位到第一段第一句。推理判断题。由定位句可知，由于开车时没看到双向车道对面的超速探测摄像头，星期一的上午，作者被派去参加了驾驶速度学习班。由此可知，作者由于违反交通规则，超速行驶，不得不参加培训班的学习，故A)为正确答案。
22
What kind of content was covered in the course?
A.
The principles behind people's moral conduct.
B.
The traffic rules people should observe.
C.
The financial loss caused by the misconduct.
D.
The establishment of people's self-discipline.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
由题干中的content和the course定位到第二段最后一句。细节辨认题。由定位句可知，课程内容完全是关于驾驶人员的个人利益，以及再次超速被抓所导致的不良个人社会形象和经济损失，故C)为正确答案。
23
What wrong understanding did the minicab company's owner have about the speed limits?
A.
He thought the speed limits on all kinds of roads were all the same.
B.
He felt that the speed limits were not very low.
C.
He had no exact idea about what the speed limits really were.
D.
He believed he was driving 20mph below the limits all the time.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
由题干中的the minicab company's定位到第三段第二句。细节辨认题。由定位句可知，作者边上坐的学员自己经营着一家小型出租车公司，他一直觉得各种不同等级的道路各自的限速都比实际时速低了20英里。因此C)为正确答案。
24
According to the author, why do drivers hate cyclists?
A.
Because cyclists endanger other people's safety.
B.
Because cyclists break the regulations without being punished.
C.
Because cyclists have less rules to observe than drivers.
D.
Because cyclists tell lies when they are caught.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
由题干中的hate cyclists定位到第四段最后两句。细节辨认题。由定位句可知，骑自行车的人之所以被憎恨是因为他们的欺骗行径，他们逃避了开车人无法躲避的处罚。因此B)为正确选项。
25
What advantage does the author believe car drivers have over cyclists?
A.
They are more in order.
B.
They enjoy freedom in their cars.
C.
They are more comfortable.
D.
They can go through red lights.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
由题干中的advantage定位到最后一段最后两句。推理判断题。由定位句可知，开汽车的人本应可以自由驰骋，可是却不得不处处排队。快递投递员快速闯过红灯，即使像作者这样沉默守法的骑车人也会缓慢地闯红灯。这些都说明驾车人在享受车辆的舒适安逸时，却损失了自由。由此可知，比起骑自行车的人来，虽然汽车驾驶人没有那么自由，但却比较舒适，所以C)为正确答案。
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