首页
在线考试
章节闯关
谁正在考试
学习应用
听写训练
背单词
情景会话
口语模仿
擂台赛
每日英语
资料下载
作文批改
注册
您的位置:
在线考试首页
>
章节闯关
>
英语四级
>
仔细阅读
>
社会生活类
>
第2关
00:00:00
已做
0
项(正确
0
项,错误做
0
项)/共25项,剩余
25
项未作答
结束作答
答案解析
上一题
下一题
返回
阅读理解
收藏
纠错
Thoughts of suicide haunted Anita Rutnam long before she arrived at Syracuse University. She had a history of mental illness and had even attempted to kill herself. During her junior year of college, she tried again. On a February morning in 1998, just days after a campus counselor recommended she be hospitalized for her suicidal tendencies, Rutnam threw herself off the eighth floor of a Syracuse dormitory.
Miraculously, she survived. But three years later, Rutnam still feels the effects of that day. She has not been able to finish college and is suing her former school for malpractice. Her suit asserts that, given the campus counselor's advice, school officials should have done more to prevent her suicide attempt.
This incident and others have thrown a spotlight on an issue that is causing growing concern in dorm rooms and students center. Are colleges providing adequate care for students who may be struggling with a range of mental illnesses? In the Syracuse cases, a spokesman for the school contends, "The University tried repeatedly to help Anita, and we felt that they acted appropriately." But lawyers are busy there and elsewhere.
After accidents, suicide is the second biggest killer of kids in college. And while the number of students who kill themselves on campus is no higher than that of 18-to-24-year-olds in the general population, a series of sensational incidents has raised the question of whether troubled students are getting proper attention.
So what are the schools' responsibilities to at-risk students, particularly those who may be genetically predisposed (易患……病的)to mental illness? College can be a breeding ground forPsychiatric problems. Poor eating habits and irregular sleeping patterns-especially combined with the academic stress of college life -may all play roles in triggering mental problems. Additionally, many of the major psychiatric illnesses including depression often do not manifest themselves until the late teens or early 20s.
1
Anita Rutnam couldn't finish college most probably because_____
A.
she couldn't get enough concern from Syracuse University
B.
she wasn't physically healthy enough to continue schooling
C.
she still kept thinking about killing herself whenever at school
D.
she has been troubled by the memory of the incident very often
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
事实细节题。根据题干定位第2段第2、3句。这两句之间存在隐含的因果关系,第2句是因,第3句是果。只有选项D在第2句提到其他选项均未提及。
2
What does the author want us to know through Anita Rutnam's story?
A.
The universities are not responsible for their students.
B.
Suicides are popular on college campus and should be handled properly.
C.
Why Anita committed suicide is still a mystery.
D.
Universities should get prepared in case their students sue them.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
推理判断题。本文开头的例子所支持的现点在第3段第1句,同时结合suicide,此题答案为B。选项A、D的观点有误,选项C与本文的写作目的无关。
3
What does Anita accuse her former school of?
A.
Ignorance of her abnormal behaviors.
B.
Lack of safeguard against her suicidal intention.
C.
Failure to give her proper academic instructions.
D.
Indifference to her physical disease.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
事实细节题。第2段第3句中的malpractice和第4句中的虚拟语气说明,她认为学校没有对她的自杀企图采取足够的防范措施,故选B。选项A最具干扰性,但第3句说明学校关注过她的问题,只是关注不够,因此选项A过于绝对。选项C中的academic instructions和D中的physical disease属于与文章无关的信息。
4
How does Syracuse University defend itself against Anita's suit?
A.
It has given her due attention as well as help.
B.
Adult students should be able to control their own behavior.
C.
It is more than the school's responsibility to supervise the students.
D.
Colleges can be a breeding ground for psychiatric problems.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
事实细节题。第4段倒数第2句引文是该校发言人的辩护词,与选项A的意思一致。选项B、C为无关信息。选项D是原文最后一段的原句照搬,与此题不相关。
5
All the following problems are implied as possible causes of campus suicide incidents EXCEPT _____.
A.
poor academic results
B.
failing to get proper sleep
C.
lack of family concern
D.
family history of mental illness
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
事实细节题。最后一段提到造成精神疾病的多种原因。第1句中的generally predisposed为先天具有之意,与选项D的内容吻合。选项B和A分别对应文中破折号前后的内容。
It is not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry (彩礼). Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertion, but in reality its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The dowry was the wife's right to receive a tenth of all her husband's property. The wife had the right to with hold consent, in all transactions the husband would make, and more than just a right; the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband. In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife.
The wife shared in the management of her husband's personal property, but the opposite was not always true. Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case in point is that of Maria Vivas. Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited, for the needs of the household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe(法学家) to have a contract duly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miro's personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says, "for the sake of peace." Either through the dowry or through being hot-tempered, the wife knew how to win herself, with the context of the family, a powerful economic position.
6
A decimum was ________.
A.
the wife's inheritance from her father
B.
a gift of money to the new husband
C.
a protection of the wife's right
D.
a written contract
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
词义推断题。第1段第2句指出了 decimum的作用,即与"彩礼"相当,作为保护妇女的工具。第4句以 "The decimum was..."的句式指出其定义,综合这两句,可断定选项C正确。
7
In the 10th and11th centuries in southern European, women's social position was ______.
A.
higher than men's
B.
as high as men's
C.
lower than men's
D.
never recognized
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
推理判断题。文章第1句就表明妇女当时的地位很高,第1段最后两句表明妇女与其丈夫的地位并无不同,是平等的,因此可以推断本题答案应为B。
8
The purpose of mentioning the case of Maria Vivas_____
A.
to show women had the same rights as,if not more than,their husband
B.
to prove hot-tempered woman held a powerful economic position
C.
to tell the readers the real situations in some countries
D.
to show the fight spirits of woman
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
推理判断题。本题考查例子与观点的关系。该例子是为了证明其前面,即第2段开头两句的观点,选项A是对这两句话的总结。
9
Could a husband sell his wife's inheritance?
A.
Yes, if she agreed.
B.
No, under no circumstances.
C.
Yes, whenever he wished to.
D.
D, Yes, if his father-in-law agreed.
本题答案:
A
B
C
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
推理判断题。本题考査从例子的推断。根据Maria Vivas的例子可确定答案,而且从第2段第4句中的Having agreed with her husband可推断售卖妻子继承的财产必须先征得妻子的同意,因此选项A正确。
10
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of the dowry system?
A.
The husband had to share the power of decision in marriage.
B.
The wife could manage her husband's personal property.
C.
The wife gained a powerful economic position.
D.
The wife would not be deserted by her husband.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
事实细节题。可用排除法找出答案。第1段倒数第2句可证明选项A正确,第2段首句可证明选项B正确,第2段末句可表明选项C正确,只有选项D太绝对。
In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like "serious illness of a family member" were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.
By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women's magazines ran headlines like "Stress causes illness!" If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.
But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many—like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.
The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we're all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境). But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain.
11
The result of Holmes-Rahe's medical research tells us ________.
A.
the way you handle major events may cause stress
B.
what should be done to avoid stress
C.
what kind of event would cause stress
D.
how to cope with sudden changes in life
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
事实细节题。根据文章的第1句话可知,这两位科学家对造成人们压力的事件列了一个清单,故C与此相符,为正确答案。
12
The studies on stress in the early 1970's led to ________.
A.
widespread concern over its harmful effects
B.
great panic over the mental disorder it could cause
C.
an intensive research into stress-related illnesses
D.
popular avoidance of stressful jobs
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
事实细节题。根据文章第2段第2句"…millions of Americans... worried over the reports."可见此研究报告引起了 widespread concern,故选A。
13
The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows ________.
A.
how much pressure you are under
B.
how positive events can change your life
C.
how stressful a major event can be
D.
how you can deal with life-changing events
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
事实细节题。根据第1段第4句中的does not reflect..., it only shows...可知本题答案应为破折号后的内容,其中how much指的是how much stress,故可知A为正确答案。
14
Why is "such simplistic advice" (Line 1, Para. 3) impossible to follow?
A.
No one can stay on the same job for long.
B.
No prescription is effective in relieving stress.
C.
People have to get married someday.
D.
You could be missing opportunities as well.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
推理判断题。这里的建议是指第2段末尾提出的"避免带来压力的事"。根据第3段第3句"而且,警告人们远离压力,这个处方不仅使人避免麻烦,同时也使人放弃了机会",故选D。
15
According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become ____.
A.
nervous when faced with difficulties
B.
physically and mentally strained
C.
more capable of coping with adversity
D.
indifferent toward what happens to them
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第2句"很多人经历一段时间的压力后,无论是身体还是精神都比原来更有活力",故选C。
Taste is such a subjective matter that we don't usually conduct preference tests for food. The most you can say about anyone's preference, is that it's one person's opinion. But because the two big cola(可乐) companies Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed aggressively, we've wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either C0ca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting.
We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic (传统型)or Pepsi, Diet (低糖的)Coke, or Diet Pepsi-These were people who thought they'd have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand. We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers.
We eventually located 19regular cola drinkers and 27diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants 'choices with what mere gum-work would have accomplished.
Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7out of19regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials. The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse -only 7of27identified all four samples correctly.
While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people got all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burn out, was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.
16
According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to _____.
A.
find out the role taste preference plays in a person's drinking
B.
reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers
C.
show that a person's opinion about taste is mere guess-work
D.
compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
第1段第3句提到,由于两大可乐公司的营销如此具有攻击性,我们不由想知道对味道的偏好在品牌忠诚度上起多大的作用,A与之相符。
17
The statistics recorded in the preference tests show _____.
A.
Coca-Cola and Pepsi are people's two most favorite drinks
B.
there is not much difference in taste between Coca-Cola and Pepsi
C.
few people had trouble telling Coca-Cola from Pepsi
D.
people's tastes differ from one another
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
第4段第2、3句表明可口可乐和百事可乐在味道方面并无多大差异,B与之相符。A、D不是实验数据所表明的事情,故排除;C与原文的意思不相符,也排除。
18
It is implied in the first paragraph that _____.
A.
the purpose of taste tests b to promote the sale of colas
B.
the improvement of quality is the chief concern of the two cola companies
C.
the competition between the two colas is very strong
D.
blind tasting is necessary for identifying fans
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
由第1段第3句中Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively可知两大公司竞争极为激烈,故选C。
19
The word "burnout"(Line4,Para.5) here refers to the state of _____.
A.
being seriously burnt in the skin
B.
being unable to burn for lack of fuel
C.
being badly damaged by fire
D.
being unable to function because of excessive use
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
文章最后一段第3句中,fatigue与taste bum out之间用or连接,表明两者语义比较接近,对比四个选项,D符合,表示味觉疲劳、麻木。
20
The author's purpose in writing this passage is to _____.
A.
show that taste preference is highly subjective
B.
argue that taste testing is an important marketing strategy
C.
emphasize that taste and price are closely related to each other
D.
recommend that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colas
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
文章第1句Taste is such... food表明味觉偏好是十分主观的,且下文讲到的实验结果也更进一步印证了该观点,故选A。
Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers if the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world's greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. It is very clear, he told me. They were all Jews(犹太人) and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage. As a result, every Jewish parent's dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West.
Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. "In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours. "says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World WarⅡ, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese.
That's a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work, biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.
21
Jewish parents in Eastern Europe longed for their children to attend music school because ______ .
A.
it would allow them access to a better life in the West
B.
Jewish children are born with excellent musical talent
C.
they wanted their children to enter into the professional field
D.
it would enable the family to get better treatment in their own country
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
原文首段最后一句提到,所有犹太人父母的梦想就是让孩子上音乐学校,由because引导的从句解释了原因,即因为这是通往西方世界的通行证。A项为原文的同义改写,故选A。B、D在文中没有提及,原文中说进入professional field是不被允许的,故C不符合。
22
Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to societies that ______ .
A.
enforce strong discipline on students who want to achieve excellence
B.
treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full development
C.
encourage people to compete with each other
D.
promise talented children high positions
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
nurturing societies出现在文中第2段第2句,很显然nurturing society指的是前一句说的"重视在某一特定领域中的优异表现,能培养才能的社会",B与原文相符。
23
Japan is described in the passage as a country that attaches importance to ______ .
A.
all-round development.
B.
the learning of Western music
C.
strict training of children
D.
variety in academic studies
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
日本在文中作为典型的nurturing society的例子,之后提到日本社会竟争激烈,注重规范和纪律,结合这两点可知,C正确。
24
Which of the following contributes to the emergence of musical prodigies according to the passage?
A.
A natural gift.
B.
Extensive knowledge of music.
C.
Very early training.
D.
A prejudice-free society.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
最后一段第2句提到,遗传在天才的产生上也起很重要的作用,即天赋,故选A。其他三项在文中并未提及。
25
Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A.
Jewish Contribution to Music.
B.
Training of Musicians in the World
C.
Music and Society
D.
The Making of Prodigies
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
本文中,prodigies是一个关键词,四个选项中只有D包含了这一关键词。其他三个选项都只是文中的局部信息,不是文章主旨,均排除。
我的笔记
最大支持140字
收藏
0
好题
0
烂题
0
提交纠错
请输入您发现的错误详情
用户: