首页
在线考试
章节闯关
谁正在考试
学习应用
听写训练
背单词
情景会话
口语模仿
擂台赛
每日英语
资料下载
作文批改
注册
您的位置:
在线考试首页
>
章节闯关
>
英语四级
>
仔细阅读
>
社会生活类
>
第3关
00:00:00
已做
0
项(正确
0
项,错误做
0
项)/共25项,剩余
25
项未作答
结束作答
答案解析
上一题
下一题
返回
阅读理解
收藏
纠错
The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment(承担的义务), self improvement.
Ask a bachelor(单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.
Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night's sleep or three-day vacation. I don't know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
1
According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because______
A.
he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities
B.
he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single
C.
he finds more fun in dating than in marriage
D.
he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
第3段第2句解释了单身汉为什么不愿结婚的原因,A项的reluctant to take on family responsibilities是对原文中afraid of making a commitment的同义替换,故选A。本题中D项的干扰性比较强,但这不是单身汉不愿结婚的直接原因,且文中也说到Marriage has such moments,所以put an end的说法也不正确,故排除。
2
Raising children, in the author's opinion, is_______
A.
a moral duty
B.
a rewarding task
C.
a thankless job
D.
a source of inevitable pain
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
原文第4段中说,虽然养孩子的过程实在不能算是"有趣",但决定不要孩子的夫妇们永远也不能了解看着孩子长大的那种欢乐以及与孙儿一起玩耍的欢乐。换言之,在作者看来,养孩子虽辛苦,但也是值得的,故答案为C。
3
From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from______
A.
hatred
B.
misunderstanding
C.
prejudice
D.
ignorance
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
文章最后一段最后一句说它还让我们从嫉妒中解脱出来:我们现在了解到那些总有很多乐趣的人也许根本就不幸福。这说明我们嫉妒别人是误以为那些总有很多乐趣的人很幸福,这是一种误解,故选B。
4
To understand what true happiness is one must_______
A.
have as much fun as possible during one's lifetime
B.
make every effort to liberate oneself from pain
C.
put up with pain under all circumstances
D.
be able to distinguish happiness from fun
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
由文章第1段和最后一段第1句可看出要理解真正的幸福就要把fun和happiness区分开,故选D。
5
What is the author trying to tell us?
A.
Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.
B.
One must know how to attain happiness.
C.
It is important to make commitments.
D.
It is pain that leads to happiness.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
本题是主旨题。主旨题的答案常位于首段或结尾段。本题的答案可以在文章第1段最后一句找到:通往幸福的路上多半会涉及到痛苦,因此本题选A。D中虽也提到pain,但对分强调pain对幸福的作用,故错误。
Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them.
Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it.
People who take part in hunting think of as a sport; they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy.
It is estimated that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over the last couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting, because they think it is brutal (残酷的), has risen sharply. Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind of confrontation (冲突) between hunters and hunt saboteurs (阻拦者). Sometimes these incidents lead to violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the fox's smell, which the dogs follow.
Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they are almost as much a part of hunting as the pursuit of foxes itself. But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport. A Labour Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain.
6
Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes ________.
A.
for recreation
B.
in the interests of the farmers
C.
to limit the fox population
D.
to show off their wealth
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
事实细节题。根据第3段第1句的前半部分People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport可知,参加捕杀的人们把猎杀狐狸当成是一种运动,A与之相符。
7
What is special about fox hunting in Britain?
A.
It involves the use of a deadly poison.
B.
It is a costly event which rarely occurs.
C.
The hunters have set rules to follow.
D.
The hunters have to go through strict training.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
事实细节题。根据第3段首句末尾说,凡是参加的人都要遵循严格的行为准则,C "猎手已建立起需要遵循的规则"与之相符,故选C。
8
Fox hunting opponents often interfere in the game ________.
A.
by resorting to violence
B.
by confusing the fox hunters
C.
by taking legal action
D.
by demonstrating on the scene
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
事实细节题。第4段末句提到,在大部分情况下,阻拦者利用为骑马的人引错路和进行气味干扰来干涉捕猎,B与之相符,故选B。
9
A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to ________.
A.
prohibit farmers from hunting foxes
B.
forbid hunting foxes with dogs
C.
stop hunting wild animals in the countryside
D.
prevent large-scale fox hunting
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
事实细节题。文章倒数第2句提及,督促议会通过一项新法案,将带狗猎杀野生动物列为非法。而狐狸是野生动物的一种,故选B。
10
It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A.
killing foxes with poison is illegal
B.
limiting the fox population is unnecessary
C.
hunting foxes with dogs is considered cruel and violent
D.
fox-hunting often leads to confrontation between the poor and the rich
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
推断题。.根据第4段第2句后半部分可知,反对捕猎狐狸的人数在上升是因为他们认为捕猎狐狸是残酷的,故选C。
Most episodes of absent-mindedness-forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room-are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You're supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded it deeply."
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don't pay attention to what you did because you're involved in a conversation, you'll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe (衣柜). "Your memory itself isn't failing you," says Schacter. "Rather, you didn't give your memory system the information it needed."
Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski, "may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox." Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.
Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. "But be sure the cue is clear and available," he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (药物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you're there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you'll likely remember.
11
Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?
A.
It helps us understand our memory system better.
B.
It enables us to recall something form our memory.
C.
It expands our memory capacity considerably.
D.
It slows down the process of losing our memory.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
事实细节题。根据第2段第1句可知,encoding是关注某事的一种特殊方式,这影响到以后是否能回忆起这件事来,因此B正确。
12
One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that ________.
A.
they have a wider range of interests
B.
they are more reliant on the environment
C.
they have an unusual power of focusing their attention
D.
they are more interested in what's happening around them
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
事实细节题。根据第3段第3句,"女性比男性的记忆力稍强,这也许是因为她们对周围的环境更加注意,而记忆正是依靠这个",故选D "她们对于周围发生的事更感兴趣"。
13
A note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder because ________.
A.
it will easily get lost
B.
it's not clear enough for you to read
C.
it's out of your sight
D.
it might get mixed up with other things
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
事实细节题。根据第4段首句中说到的"视觉线索可以防止遗忘某事"可知破折号之后的警告"不要把药瓶放在药箱里,然后写一张纸条装进口袋"正是为了防止药瓶、提示性信条离开了视线,故选C。
14
What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A.
If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another.
B.
Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.
C.
Repetition helps improve our memory.
D.
If we keep forgetting things, we'd better return to where we were.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
推断题。根据最后一段的前两句"心不在焉的另一个常见的情景是:走进房间,却不知为什么要进来。你很有可能是在想别的事",可知本题答案为A。
15
What is the passage mainly about?
A.
The process of gradual memory loss.
B.
The causes of absent-mindedness.
C.
The impact of the environment on memory.
D.
A way if encoding and recalling.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
主旨题。根据第1、3、5段的首句可以得出,本文主要讲的是精神不集中的原因,故选B。
Professor Smith recently persuaded 35 people, 23 of them women, to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for a fortnight. When he came to analyse their embarrassing lapses(差错)in a scientific report, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings, Nor did the lapses appear to be entirely random(随机的).
One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. "the explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer," explains the professor. "People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman's custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings. But somehow the action got reversed in the programme," About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these "programme assembly failures,"
Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves doing---an average of twelve each, There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at our zaniest(荒谬可笑的).These are two hours some time between eight a.m. and noon, between four and six p.m. with a smaller peak between eight and ten p.m."Among men the peak seems to be when a changeover in brain' programmes' occurs, as for instance between going to and from work." Women on average reported slightly more lapses----- 12.5 compared with 10.9 for men m probably because they were more reliable reporters.
A startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard of doing things in which we are skilled. Normally, you would expect that skill reduces the number of errors we make. But trying to avoid silly slips by concentrating more could make things a lot worse m even dangerous.
16
In his study Professor Smith asked the subjects ________
A.
to keep track of people who tend too forget things
B.
to report their embarrassing lapses at random
C.
to analyse their awkward experiences scientifically
D.
to keep a record of what they did unintentionally
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
事实细节题。本文第1句中的to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions就是指to keep a record of what they did unintentionally,题目中的subjects指实验对象,被测试者。
17
Professor Smith discovered that ________
A.
certain patterns can be identified in the recorded incidents
B.
many people were too embarrassed to admit their absent-mindedness
C.
men tend to be more absent-minded than women
D.
absent-mindedness is an excusable human weakness
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
事实细节题。根据第2句中nearly all of them fell into a few groupings可以找到本题答案,题目中的discover是该句中find的同义词,A的patterns与原文中的groupings意义相同。
18
"Programme assembly failures" (Line 6, Para. 2) refers to the phenomenon that people ______
A.
often fail to programme their routines beforehand
B.
tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurry
C.
unconsciously change the sequence of doing things
D.
are likely to mess things up if they are too tired
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
语义题。根据第2段最后两句提到,但是不知怎么的这种行为在程序中颠倒了。这些被测试者报告的事件中二十个中有一个属于这种"流水线程序错误"。C的unconsciously与somehow对应,change the sequence of doing things与the action got reversed对应,故本题选C。
19
We learn from the third paragraph that _______
A.
absent-mindedness tends to occur during certain hours of the day
B.
women are very careful to perform actions during peak periods
C.
women experience more peak periods of absent-mindedness
D.
men's absent-mindedness often results in funny situations
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
事实细节题。根据第3段的第2、3句"一天之中似乎存在一些人们易犯荒谬可笑错误的高峰时段",之后到举了几个高峰时间,可知A与之相符。
20
It can be concluded from the passage that _____
A.
people should avoid doing important things during peak periods of lapses
B.
hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good at
C.
people should be careful when programming their actions
D.
lapses cannot always be attributed to lack of concentration
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
推理判断题。根据文章最后两句"一般来说,我们会以为技术娴熟可以减少错误。但是为了避免出现愚蠢的失误而更加专注,只会把事情弄得更糟糕,甚至会导致危险。"可知D"差错并不总是注意力不集中导致的" 正确。
It's no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. That's especially true of children who remain in abusive homes because the law blindly favors biological parents. It's also true of children who suffer for years in foster homes (收养孩子的家庭) because of parents who can't or won't care for them but refuse to give up custody (监护)rights.
Fourteen-year-old Kimberly Mays fits neither description, but her recent court victory could eventually help children who do. Kimberly has been the object of an angry custody baffle between the man who raised her and her biological parents, with whom she has never lived. A Florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father she's ever known and that her biological parents have "no legal claim" on her.
The ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. That's an important development, one that's long overdue.
Shortly after birth in December 1978, Kimberly Mays and another infant were mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents. Kimberly's biological parents, Ernest and Regina Twigg, received a child who died of a heart disease in 1988. Medical tests showed that the child wasn't the Twiggs' own daughter, but Kimt only was, thus sparking a custody battle with Robert Mays. In 1989, the two families agreed that Mr. Mays would maintain custody with the Twiggs getting visiting fights. Those rights were ended when Mr. Mays decided that Kimberly was being harmed.
The decision to leave Kimberly with Mr. Mays rendered her suit debated. But the judge made clear that Kimberly did have standing to sue ( 起诉) on her own behalf. Thus he made clear that she was more than just property to be handled as adults saw fit.
Certainly, the biological link between parent and child is fundamental. But biological parents aren't always preferable to adoptive ones, and biological parentage does not convey an absolute ownership that cancels all the rights of children.
21
What was the primary consideration in the Florida judge's ruling?
A.
The biological link.
B.
The child's benefits.
C.
The traditional practice.
D.
The parents' feelings.
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
推理判断题。根据第2段最后一句"女孩被判给她认识的父亲,即养父,而非生父"以及全文的最后一句中的all the rights of children,可以推断,该判决是从孩子本身的利益出发的,故选B而排除A。
22
We can learn from the Kimberly case that_________
A.
children are more than just personal possessions of their parents
B.
the biological link between parent and child should be emphasized
C.
foster homes bring children more pain and suffering than care
D.
biological parents shouldn't claim custody rights after their child is adopted
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
事实细节题。根据倒数第2段最后一句"金伯莉不仅仅是大人们觉得合适就可以随意处置的"财产"可知a与该句相符,其中的personal possessions为原文中property的同义表达。
23
The Twiggs claimed custody rights to Kimberly because________
A.
they found her unhappy in Mr. Mays' custody
B.
they regarded her as their property
C.
they were her biological parents
D.
they felt guilty about their past mistake
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
事实细节题。第4段第2、3句指出"金伯莉的亲生父母,欧内斯特和里贾纳?特维格,......医学测试显示……金伯莉才是他们的孩子,从而引发了特维格夫妇与罗伯特?梅斯之间的监护权争讼案",由此可知,C与之相符。
24
Kimberly had been given to Mr. Mays__________
A.
by sheer accident
B.
out of charity
C.
at his request
D.
for better care
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
事实细节题。第4段第1句提到,金伯莉?梅斯与另一名婴儿被阴差阳错地调换了,她们跟着不是自己亲生父母的人一起回了家,由此可知A正确。
25
The author's attitude towards the judge's ruling could be described as_________
A.
doubtful
B.
Critical
C.
cautious
D.
supportive
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
观点态度题。在最后一段作者用But转折句说明自己的观点,即"但生身父母并不总是比养父母更合适",可见作者是支持法官将金伯莉判给其养父的。
我的笔记
最大支持140字
收藏
0
好题
0
烂题
0
提交纠错
请输入您发现的错误详情
用户: