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In department stores and closets all over the world, Their outward appearance seems rather appealing because they come in a variety of styles, textures, and colors. But they are ultimately the biggest deception that exists in the fashion industry today. What are they? They are high heels-a woman's worst enemy (whrther she knows it or not). High heel shoes are the downfall of modern society. Fashion myths have led women to believe that they are more beautiful or sophisticated for wearing heels, but in reality, heels succeed in posing short as well as long term hardships. Women should fight the high heel industry by refusing to use or purchase them in order to save the world should fight the high heel industry by refusing to use or purechase them in order to save the world from unnecessary physical and psychological suffering.
For the sake of fairness, it must be noted that there is a positive side to high heels. First, heels are excellent for aerating (使通气）lawns. Anyone who has ever worn heels on grass knows what I am talking about. A simple trip around the yard in a pair of those babies eliminates all need to call for a lawn care specialist, and provides the perfect-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy chunks of dirt lying around. Second, heels are quite functional for defense against oncoming enemies, who can easily be scared away by threatening them with a pair of these sharp, deadly fashion accessories.
Regardless of such practical uses for heels, the fact remains that wearing high heel is harmful to one's physical health. Talk to any podiatrist (足病医生），and you will hear that the majority of their business comes from high-heel-wearing women. High heels are known to cause problems such as de?formed feet and torn toenails. The risk of severe back problems and twisted or broken ankles is three times higher for a high heel wearer than for at flat shoe wearer. Wearing heels also creates the threat of get?ting a heel caught in a sidewalk crack or a sewer-grate (阴沟柵）and being thrown to the ground—possibly breaking a nose, back, or neck. And of course, after wearing heels for a day, any woman knows she can look forward to a night of pain as she tries to comfort her swollen, aching feet.
1
What makes women blind to the deceptive nature of high heels?
A.
The multi-functional use of high heels.
B.
Their attempt to show off their status.
C.
The rich variety of high heel styles.
D.
Their wish to improve their appearance.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
根据文章第1段倒数第2句中“时尚神话使女性相信穿上高跟鞋会更美丽或气质更优雅”可知本题选D。
2
The author's presentation of the positive side of high heels is meant ______.
A.
to be ironic
B.
to poke fun at women
C.
to be fair to the fashion industry
D.
to make his point convincing
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
文章第2段讲到高跟鞋有两种积极的作用：一种是极好的草地供氧用具?不用挖土就能在草地上凿出均匀的小洞供草地吸氧；另一种是可击退来犯之敌，高跟鞋轻易躭能吓退敌人。从内容和语气上看，作者旨在对高跟鞋进行嘲讽。因此A“讽刺的：反话的”符合作者的写作意阁。
3
The author uses the expression “those babies”(Line 3, Para. 2) to refer to high heels _____.
A.
to show their fragile characteristics
B.
to indicate their feminine features
C.
to show women's affection for them
D.
to emphasize their small size
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
baby通常是人们对婴儿的爱称，语气中包含有怜爱的成分，而在文章第1段作者也指出高跟鞋颇具吸引力，女性都相信穿高跟鞋能使她们更漂亮、气质更优稚，由此可看出女性对离跟鞋的钟爱。结合这两个方面可推断出作者将高跟鞋比作baby,目的只是为了表现女性对高跟鞋的怜爱。因此选C。
4
The author's chief argument against high heels is that ______.
A.
they pose a threat to lawns
B.
they are injurious to women's health
C.
they don't necessarily make women beautiful
D.
they are ineffective as a weapon of defense
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推断题,在文章第1段作者就提出自己的观点：离跟鞋是女性最大的敌人，它会给女性带来身体和精神上的伤害。而在文章最后一段作者又详细说明了高跟鞋会给女性带来身体上的伤害。因此，作者反对女性穿高跟鞋的主要原因是高跟鞋对女性健康有害，故B与文章所陈述的现点一致。
5
It can be inferred from the passage that women should ______.
A.
see through the very nature of fashion myths
B.
boycott the products of the fashion industry
C.
go to a podiatrist regularly for advice
D.
avoid following fashion too closely
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
在文章第1段倒数第2句作者指出：时尚神话使女性相信穿上高跟鞋能使她们更漂亮、气质更优雅。但实际情况却是高跟鞋只会给女性带来身体上和精神上的伤害。因此作者应是呼吁女性识破时尚神话的真正实质，拒绝购买和穿高跟鞋。因此，A与文章的意思吻合；而B和D的说法文中没有提到，也过于绝对了，C并不是坐着的目的。
Office workers who would normally step into a pub or gym to cope with the stress of a working day are being invited instead to sit in front of a painting.
Manchester Art Gallery has recruited two of the country's leading experts in stress management to choose pictures that are guaranteed to leave even the most frantic feeling at ease with the world. They have created the “tranquility tour” which allows city-centre workers to spend their lunch hour taking a soothing tour of what are described as “some of the most relaxing and inspiring paintings ever committed to canvas”. The free tour takes the visitor through several centuries of painting, from the Victorian aesthetic movement, through the Pre-Raphaelite school, to modern abstract art.
Kim Gowland, a gallery executive, said: “Looking at art is a stress-relieving activity. What we are trying to do is encourage people who work in the city to spend half an hour of their lunchbreak in the gallery , to chill out rather than rush around the shops.”
The five works chosen by Andrew Loukes, the gallery's manager, are: John Roddam Spencer Stanhope's The Waters of Lethe (1880), Turner's Thomson's Aeolian Harp (1809), Sir John Everett Millais's Autumn Leaves (1856), James Durden's Summer in Cumberland(1925) and Bridget Riley's Zephyr(1976).
Mr. Loukes said: “We chose five pictures that suggest restfulness. We also wanted to display the breadth of the collection. We are particularly strong in early-19th and early-20th-century British art.”
Their therapeutic powers have been endorsed by Olga Gregson and Terry Looker from the Department of Biological Sciences at Manchester Metropolitan University. Dr. Gregson said that “research shows that stress levels have reduced and moods changed for the better” when subjects looked at paintings.
“Although art appreciation is very much a matter of personal choice, it is true that some works of art appeal to almost everyone, and that some paintings have qualities that can induce relaxation in most people,” Dr. Gregson said. “Great painters such as Leonardo da Vinci were masters of techniques that could evoke particular responses in the viewer.”
Dr. Gregson said the gallery represented an “oasis of calm”. “You have got this wonderful opportunily to evoke a different kind of psychophysiological response.”
6
What is done by the Manchester Art Gallery is intended to _____.
A.
find out the relation between paintings and stress-easing
B.
promote its magnificent collection of British art
C.
reduce working people's stress levels by art appreciation
D.
provide an alternative of pastime for consumers
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
原文第2段第1句说明曼彻斯特美术馆雇佣两位压力管理专家并且展览画作都是为了使人缓解压力.因此选项C为美术馆的目的。
7
The tour is named “tranquility tour because _____.
A.
it is expected to play a soothing role
B.
it displays paintings through centuries
C.
it comprises paintings of various styles
D.
it only takes a half hour around lunch time
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
第2段第2句中tranquility tour后的定语从句是对该活动的理解，从中可知选项A为本题答案,从本文可知美术馆展出画作目的是帮助在市中心工作的人减轻心理压力，活动的名称也应该与该目的紧密结合。
8
What does Kim Gowland points out about city-center workers?
A.
They are pressed by family burden as well as their careers.
B.
They like going shopping during their short lunchbreak.
C.
They shouldn't rush around the gallery while looking at art.
D.
Looking at art is much better than going to pubs or gyms.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
第3段第2句句末提到的rather than rush around the shops表明Kim Gowland认为在没有这个活动之前，在市中心工作的人在午餐时间通常会逛商店，因此，本题应选B。选项A中的family burden在原文没有提及；选项D中的pubs or gyms虽然在文章首句有提及.但并非Kim Gowland指出的；第3段第2句末rush around的宾语是shops,并非gallery,因此,选项C亦错误。
9
According to the author, the painting's impact on relieving stress is ______.
A.
based on personal experiences
B.
varied from people to people
C.
in need of further study
D.
scientifically proven
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
第6段末句中的research shows…表明油画可以舒缓压力这个观点已经得到科学研究的证实.因此本题应选 D,同时排除A。原文该句也表明油画真的能舒缓压力.这种影响对于看过油画的人是相同的.因此选项B不正确；原文没有提及以后是否会对油画和舒缓压力之间的关系作进一步的研究，因此选项C缺乏原文依据。,
10
It is indicated by Dr. Gregson that da Vinci's paintings can _____.
A.
suggest restfulness
B.
arouse diverse feelings
C.
capture almost everyone
D.
ease stress in most people
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
作者在倒数第2段末句提到达?芬奇的画作目的是说明该段首句主句提及的观点：有些艺术作品确实能吸引几乎每一个人,再结合该段末句的定语从句that could evoke particular responses in the viewer即可确定大多数人对达?芬奇的画作产生特别的反应，因此本题应选C。文中并没有说明这种特别的反应是什么，因此选项A和D推断过度了；选项B正好与文章该段内容相反，很明显是不正确的。
People traveling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly can anyone positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep. During the day, sleep comes in snatches. At nights, when you really wish to go to sleep you rarely manage to do so. Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted. Long car journey are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on narrow, bumpy roads which are crowded with traffic. By comparison, trips by sea offer a great variety of civilized comforts. You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, swim, meet interesting people and enjoy good food—always assuming, of course, that the sea is clam. If it is not, and you are likely to get seasick; no form of transport could be worse. Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice up to a third of their holidays for the pleasure of traveling on a ship.
Airplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and expensive. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort. Traveling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. The real escapist can watch a free film show and sip champagne on some services. But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied. An airplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from the view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled.
11
The author indicates that reading can help lessen ______.
A.
the boredom of being in the train
B.
the tiresome clicking of the wheels
C.
the sleeplessness during the journey
D.
the poor ventilation of the compartment
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
原文第1段第4句提到阅读是a partial solution,这表明阅读有助于解决某个问题.而这个问题就是该段第2句和第3句提到的坐长途火车会让人觉得烦闷，由此可见，本题答案应为A。
12
What can we learn about the long distance journey by car?
A.
It is safe because the car usually goes at high speeds.
B.
It is monotonous because reading is quite impossible.
C.
It is exhausting because you seldom manage to sleep.
D.
It is dangerous because the traffic is always too dense.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
首段第8句中的for引出原因从句，表明因果关系，而B表达的因果关系与此相同，因此为本题答案。原文该段第9句提到了safely at high speeds，但安全和高速之间并不存在因果关系，因此A不正确；C在原文没提及，D的因果关系也不正确。
13
Trips by sea is regarded as the worst means of traveling when ______.
A.
the weather is terrible
B.
the traveler has little time
C.
the traveler feels seasick
D.
the sea is not calm
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
首段倒数第3句指出了两种因果关系：第一,海洋不平静可能会导致你晕船;第二,晕船会让你觉得坐船是最糟糕的交通方式，由此可见，本题应选C。D“海不平静”并非人们认为坐船是最糟糕的交通方式的直接原因，晕船才是；且海不平静并不一定会导致晕船，故排除干扰项D。
14
What is the greatest difference between traveling by air and the other means of traveling?
A.
Traveling by air is not so tiring as the others.
B.
Traveling by air brings more fun than the others.
C.
Traveling by air is much more expensive than the others.
D.
Traveling by air offers more time for sleep than the others.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
虽然文章没有明显地比较飞机与其他交通方式，但是从首段的内容来看，可以知道当作者描述其他交通方式时，都提到它们很累人，而第2段末句中的fresh and uncrumpled表明坐飞机旅行不会让旅行者觉得累，由此 可见，本题应选A。
15
writing the passage, the author intends to _____.
A.
introduce diverse ways of traveling
B.
points out the best mode of traveling
C.
emphasize the advantages of traveling by air
D.
compare the means of relaxing when traveling
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
作者在原文首句提到了三种交通方式,然后分别描述了它们各自的特点,可见，作者写本文是为了介绍三种不同的交通方式，故选A。作者只是描述三种交通方式的特点，没有指出哪一种是最好的，因此B不正确;C只是第2段的内容，并非全文主题，因此也不正确；本文的主题是交通方式，并非放松的方式，因此D不正确。
Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people's natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin (亲成） neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.
Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.
These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community's population size and its social heterogeneity (多样性)> For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广者的）outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist politi?cal candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and socalled undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
16
Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?
A.
Two contrasting views are presented.
B.
An argument is examined and possible solutions given.
C.
Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.
D.
A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
文章第1段第2句通过However提出了两种完全不同的观点，“就在几十年前，对于普通大众和社会学家而言，现代社会‘明显地'改变了人们的自然关系”和“然而，最近几年，越来越多的研究表明,那些‘明显'的事情并不真实' 因此,应该选A。
17
According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents ___.
A.
did not have the same interests as their neighbors
B.
could not develop long-standing relationships
C.
tended to be associated with bad behavior
D.
usually had more friends
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
根据文章第1段第2句中的“就在几十年前，对于普通大众和社会学家而言，现代社会‘明显地'改变了人们的自然关系，使他们的亲情、邻里观念变得淡薄，取而代之的是彼此之间萍水相逢的表面关系”，由此可推断，B与文章的内容相符，故而正确。
18
One of the consequences of urban life Is that impersonal relationships among neighbors .
A.
disrupt people's natural relations
B.
make them worry about crime
C.
cause them not to show concern for one another
D.
cause them to be suspicious of each other
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
根据文章第3段第2句“如果邻里之间互不相识，他们就不大会清扫隔壁老夫妇门前的过道，也不会帮忙照看一下小捣蛋”，可知C正确。B是原因，不是结果。
19
It can be Inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is, ____.
A.
the better its quality of life
B.
the more similar its interests
C.
the more tolerant it is
D.
the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
根据文章第3段倒数第2句“更大城市的居民比小城镇的居民见多识广，对传统的亲情角色承担更小的责任,有 可能投票选举左翼政党候选人，对非传统的宗教团体、不得人心的政团组织或所谓的讨人嫌者更能容忍”，可知C与文章所表达的意思相符。
20
What is the passage mainly about?
A.
Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small-town dwellers.
B.
Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.
C.
The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.
D.
The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
在文章第1段.作者提出了两种不同的观点.随后一直在论述第二个观点，作者通过对比大城市和小城镇居民的相似性来支持其观点。因此,A与文章的内容相一致。
The level of discrimination has varied enormously in the history of human societies, from genocide where ethnics are killed off through expulsion and, when these extreme forms of discrimination are not possible, through segregation in a ghetto and a narrow range of jobs.
One type of ethnic minority is lower class. Here disproportionate numbers of a population are isolated in slum housing tracts and pushed into the lowest-paying occupations such that they are in the poverty classes of a society. African-Americans have suffered this fate in the United States. Another type of ethnic minority created by discrimination is the middleman minority where members are segregated but, at the same time， allowed to occupy a narrow range of entrepreneurial and professional economic positions which give them some affluence. For example, Jews in feudal and early modem Europe often occupied high positions in banking and finance; and many Asian immigrants in America today have moved into small business niches.
What determines which type of a minority an ethnic population will become? One important condition is the resources—money, entrepreneurial know-how, educational credentials—that a population can mobilize. When ethnics have some resources, they can more readily move into intermediary minority positions and live a more middle-class life style. But resources are not the only factory; another is the absolute size of an ethnic population. A small minority with resources can more easily find intermediary niches than a large one, for the simple reason that there are not enough small-business positions for a large population. A large ethnic population will, therefore, be pushed to lower niches especially if their resources are limited and, as a result, their ability to fight off discrimination is low. African-Amer?icans have suffered this fate: They are too large a group to fill middlemen minority positions, and they have insufficient resources to overcome discrimination. Indeed, what often happens is that members of a large minority who can mobilize resources—say, educational credentials—move into middle-class posi?tions, leaving behind their fellow ethnics. For example, many blacks in America have made dramatic strides in moving to the middle-classes in the post-Civil Rights era, but the fate of the vast majority of blacks in the lower classes has remained the same, or worsened over the last twenty-five years. Black America itself is thus divided by large class differences.
21
Which of the following is the correct description of “genocide”？
A.
It is a place where ethnics are discriminated.
B.
It is an extreme form of ethnic discrimination.
C.
It is manifested by means of segregation.
D.
It is the earliest discrimination in history.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
在首段中以when引出的状语从句里，these extreme forms of discrimination指的就是前面提到的 genocide和expulsion,由此可见，B的说法正确。从首段的主要句式the level... varied... from genocide…through expulsion... through segregation可以知道genocide并非一个地方，而是种族歧视的一个 level,因此A不正确;而从该句的句式也可以知道genocide和segregation是两种不同程度的种族歧视，由此可知C不正确；原文并未提及earliest discrimination是什么，首段只是指出genocide是最极端的discrimination，因此D不正确。
22
How were the Jews in feudal and early modern Europe discriminated?
A.
They were isolated in living in slum housing tracts.
B.
Only the lowest-paying occupations were available to them.
C.
Only very few high-paying professions were open to them.
D.
They suffered the same fate as the African-Americans.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
第2段末句开头的For example表明犹太人的遭遇是用于说明上句观点的例子，要知道犹太人受到的歧视是怎样的，只要在上句查找就行了。通过查找上一句可以知道犹太人受到的歧视属于middleman mi?nority,而该句中的 a narrow range of...表明C为本题答案。A和B都是针对lower class的做法，因此不适用于犹太人身上;D中的African-Americans属于lower class，显然，犹太人和他们受到的歧视的形式是不相同的。
23
The Asian Americans are classified as the middleman minority mainly because _____.
A.
their population is smaller than that of the African Americans
B.
they are not discriminated as severely as the African Americans
C.
they cannot go beyond small business
D.
they are a small minority with resources
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
从第2段最后两句可知在美国的亚裔人也属于middleman minority,而第3段解释了决定一个族群成为哪一种少数族群的因素：资源和人口。要考虑为什么美国的亚裔人能成为middleman minority,就要综合考虑这两个因素，而末段第5句中的主句概括了这两个因素，D为本题答案。A只提到了 population,过于片面，不正确；B和C都不是决定少数族群类型的因素。
24
What is most likely to happen to the large ethnic minority, according to the last paragraph?
A.
All its members have to stay in the lower class.
B.
It is hard for its members to enter the middleman class.
C.
There is obvious class division in the group itself.
D.
There is no way for them to overcome discrimination.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
未段倒数第3句开头的what often happens is that表明之后的内容为问题答案所在，而句末的leaving behind their fellow ethnics明确表示人口众多的少数族群会产生阶级分化，紧接着下一句以美国黑人为例证实了这个观点，由此可见,C为本题答案。其他选项均不符合题干要求，直接排除。
25
Which of the following factor determines one's chance to move into the middle class?
A.
The population of the group one is in.
B.
One's ability to make use of resources.
C.
One's educational background.
D.
The severity of discrimination.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
未段例数第3句中由who引出的定语从句指出了一个人能进入中层阶级的条件，B表达了与此相同的内容，为本题答案。A是其中一个决定整个族群类型的因素，不符合题意;末段伊倒数第3句中的say, educational credentials表明C是resources的一个方面，如果选择C就太片面了;D在原文未提及。
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