四级翻译基础训练第17关

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1 红笼(lantern)是中国传统的手工艺品(handicraft)，是中国的象征。它源于汉代(the Han Dynasty)，在唐宋时期(the Tang and Song Dynasties)最为繁盛。起初，人们在门口悬挂灯笼只是用来辟邪。后来在节假日时也悬挂灯笼以增添喜庆的气氛。灯笼的样式很多，除了圆形和方形外，还有花、鸟、鱼的形状，通常以纸和丝绸为主要制作原料。每年的元宵节(the Lantern Festival)，全国各地的人们制作出漂亮的灯笼来欢庆节日。

参考答案：Lantern, a symbol of China, is a Chinese traditional handicraft. It came into being in the Han Dynasty, and its popularity peaked in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Originally, people hang the lanterns in front of their doors only to drive away evil spirits. Later, lanterns are also hung on holidays and festivals to add joyous atmosphere. The designs of lanterns are various. Apart from round and square, the lanterns can be shaped into flowers, birds, and fish, and they are mainly made of paper and silk. On Lantern Festivals, people all over the country make beautiful lanterns to celebrate the festival.
系统解析：
1.第1句中的“是中国的象征”可处理为“灯笼”的同位语，以插入语的形式译出，表达为Lantern, a symbol of China, is a Chinese...，使译文的逻辑性更强。
2.第2句“它源于汉代，在唐宋时期最为繁盛”可译为and连接的并列句it came into being in... and peaked...。注意后半句的逻辑主语转译为“灯笼的受欢迎程度” （popularity）会更贴切，“程度”是范畴词，可省译。
3.第5句有4个分句，各分句意思较独立完整，故宜将其拆分翻译。第1个分句“灯笼的样式很多”总起，译为一句。第3个分句讲述灯笼的形状，为一个意群，第4个分句讲述原料，为另一个意群，这3个分句可合译为一句，用and连接。
4.最后一句中的修饰“人们”的定语“全国各地的”可表达为all over the country。“来欢庆节日”表目的，故将其处理为目的状语，用不定式短语to celebrate the festival来表达。

2 就餐时，围桌共食是中国人的一种传统。与西方人把鲜花放餐桌中央不同的是，中国人把菜肴放餐桌中央供大家一起享用。这种风俗体现了食物在中华文明史上的重要地位。更重要的是，这种方式促进了就餐者之间的交流。通常在一餐饭之后，朋友之间的关系更加紧密，生意合作伙伴也加深了相互了解。有时人们还会为客人或长辈夹菜，以示尊重。

参考答案：It is a tradition for Chinese people, when dinning, to sit around the table and share the same dishes. Different from that the westerners place flowers at the center of the dining table, the Chinese place dishes in the middle so that people could share them together. This custom reflects the importance of food in Chinese civilization. What is more important, this way of dinning facilitates the communication among diners. Usually, after a dinner, the relationships between friends get closer and the business partners deepen their mutual understanding. People would sometimes put the food into the bowls of the guests or the elders to show respect for them.
系统解析：
1.第1句中的“围桌共食是中国人的一种传统”如果直译为for Chinese People, sitting together...is a tradition会因主语太长而显得句子头重脚轻。宜将原句处理为用It作形式主语的句型译出，以平衡结构，表达为 It is a tradition for Chinese people, when dinning, to sit around...。时间状语“就餐时”表达为 when dinning，以插人语形式放在Chinese people后面，逻辑关系强。
2.第2句中的“与……不同的是”可套用结构different from...。“供大家一起享用”表目的，故译为目的状语从句 so that people could share them together。
3.第4句中的“更重要的是”表达为what is more important (is that)。翻译“这种方式”时，宜增译“就餐”，使意思更明确，故译为this way of dinning。“就餐者之间的”处理成后置定语，表达为among dinners。
4.最后一句的“以示尊重”表目的，故将其处理成状语，用不定式短语to show respect for them来表达。

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