四级翻译基础训练第2关

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1 在中国，如果不了解“面子”的含义，则很难理解许多行为言辞。面子通常可理解为社会对一个人名誉和声望(prestige)的看法。因此，中国人向来很重视面子问题。丢面子会导致一个人在人际交往中失去权威。中国人通常不会公开指出令人尴尬的事实，从而避免让另一个人丢面子。如果要给某人面子，则可以在大众面前赞美他，欣赏他的才能，或对他表示尊重。

参考答案：In China, it is difficult to understand many behaviors and speeches without knowing the concept of “face”. Face is commonly viewed as social perspective of a person's reputation and prestige. Therefore, Chinese people have been paying close attention to their face. Losing face will result in one's loss of authority in the interpersonal communication. Usually the Chinese will not point out embarrassing facts in public so as to avoid making another person lose face. If we want to give face to somebody, we can praise him in public, appreciate his ability or show respect to him.
系统解析：
1.第1句中的“……很难理解……”可套用句型it is + a.+ to do sth.（做某事怎么样），译作it is difficult to understand……条件状语“如果不了解‘面子’的含义”可用从句来表达you don't know the concept of “face”也可用介词短语without knowing the concept of“face”来翻译。
2.第2句“面子通常可理解为社会对……的看法”虽然没有被动标识词，实际上有被动含义，故英译时须体现，译作 face is commonly viewed as...。“对一个人名誉和声望的”用介词短语of a person's reputation and prestige 来表达。
3.倒数第2句中的“从而避免让另一个人丢面子”表目的，故将其处理成目的状语，用不定式短语so as to avoid making...来表达，动词avoid后接动名词形式。
4.最后一句为无主语句，英译时，应增译主语you或者we，此处用we更符合上下文的论述。“在大众面前”，可译为in front of other people，但更地道的表达是in public，如“她不好意思在大众面前唱歌”，译为 She is too shy to sing in public。

2 在中国，赠送礼物应考虑具体情况和场合。礼物常用红色或其他喜庆的颜色(festive color）来包装，但白色或黑色不适宜用于此。当你将礼物递出去时，收礼者(recipient)可能会礼貌谢绝。在这种情况下，你可以试着将礼物再一次送出去。通常收礼者在客人离开之后才打开礼物。此外，送礼还有—些禁忌(taboo)，如给夫妻送伞就不合适，因为中文里“伞”与“散”同音。

参考答案：In China, we should consider the specific situation and occasion when presenting gifts. The gifts are usually packaged in red or other festive colors. But white and black are not suitable in the packaging. When you offer the gift,the recipient may refuse it politely. In this case, you could try to offer the present once again. Usually, the recipient won't open the gift until the guest leaves. In addition, there are some taboos in giving gifts. For example, it is inappropriate to present an umbrella as a gift to a couple because the word "umbrella" has the same pronunciation with another word "separate" in Chinese.
系统解析：
1.第1句中的“赠送礼物应考虑具体情况和场合”不能直译成presenting gifts should consider the specific situation and occasion，因为在英语表达习惯中，consider的施动者应该是人而不是事情，故翻译时应增加代词we或one作主语。
2.第4句中“这种情况下”既可译为in this case，也可译为in/under the circumstances， in such a situation等。状语“再一次”可译作once again，并按英语的表达习惯置于句末。
3.翻译倒数第2句时，可套用not...until(直到……才)句型，译作the recipient won't...until the guest leaves。
4.最后一句中举例的部分“如……，因为……”使用的文字较多，宜拆译为另一个句子，译作For example...。“给夫妻送伞就不合适”可用it is + a. + to do sth.这种句型来表达，译作it is inappropriate to present an umbrella...。

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