四级翻译基础训练第25关

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1 高山族世代居住在中国的台湾省，人口约为40万。他们以农业生产为主，种植水稻、红薯和小米（millet）等。还有些族人以打猎和捕鱼为生。高山族没有本民族文字，但口头文学很丰富，有许多神话、传说和民歌。唱歌和跳舞是高山族人生活的一部分，每逢节日，他们都要聚集在一起唱歌、跳舞。高山族人还非常喜欢雕刻，刻得最多的是蛇身人首的图像。

参考答案：The Gaoshan people, about 400 thousand in total, have lived for generations in Taiwan Province. They mainly engage in farming, planting rice, sweet potato, millet and so on. And some live on hunting and fishing. The Gaoshans do not have their own script, but their spoken literature is quite rich with many myths, legends and folk songs. Singing and dancing are a part of Gaoshan life. On every holiday people gather to sing and dance. The Gaoshan people are also fond of carving and the most carved images are those with human heads and snake bodies.
系统解析：
1.第1句中的“人口约为40万”可处理为与前半句“高山族世代居住在……”并列，译作the population is about 400,000，但将其处理成介词短语about 400,000 in total作插人语更佳，译文也更简洁明了。
2.第2句中的“他们以农业生产为主”中“以……为主”可用短语mainly engage in来表达。“种植水稻、红薯……”为补充说明，处理成伴随状语，用分词短语planting rice...来表达。
3.第4句中的“但口头文学很丰富，有许多神话、传说和民歌”中“……很丰富”可用短语sth. be rich来表达，“有许多神话、传说和民歌”用介词短语with many myths, legends...译出。
4.最后一句“高山族人还非常喜欢雕刻，刻得最多的是蛇身人首的图像”可用并列结构译作The Gaoshan people are also fond of... and the most carved images are those with...。 “图像”的定语“蛇身人首的” 较长，故将其处理为后置定语，用介词短语with human heads and snake bodies来表达。

2 汉语水平考试（the HSK）于1992年正式成为我国国家级考试。它是为测试母语为非汉语者的汉语水平（proficiency）而设立的考试。它重点考査考生（examinee）在日常生活、学习和工作中运用汉语进行交流的能力，考试每年定期在国内和国外举行。目前，HSK共有50个国内考点和66个国外考点。这些考点通常设置在一些高等院校内。到目前为止，已有来自120多个国家的36万人次参加了HSK考试。

参考答案：The HSK was officially made a national test in China in 1992. It is to test Chinese proficiency for non-native Chinese speakers. It focuses on examining the examinees' ability to communicate in Chinese in daily life, study and work. The test is held regularly at home and abroad every year. At present, there are 50 domestic test centers and 66 oversea ones, all of which can mainly be found in colleges and universities. So far, a total of 360 thousand examinees from over 120 countries have participated in test.
系统解析：
1.第1句“汉语水平考试……正式成为……”可逐字对译为The HSK officially became...，但不如译作the HSK was officially made...更贴切地表达人为之义。
2.在第2句中，“考试”的定语“为测试母语为非汉语者的汉语水平而设立的”太长，不宜将该句按汉语句式对译成主系表结构（it is a...test）。分析该句可知，其说明的是汉语水平考试（the HSK）的目的，故可将该定语处理成不定式短语 to test Chinese proficiency for non-native Chinese speakers，全句处理成 It is to test Chinese proficiency for non-native Chinese speakers。
3.仔细分析第5、6句可发现，两句意思的关联性较大，可将其合译，后一句可处理成前一句的非限制性定语从句，译作 all of which can mainly be found in colleges and universities。
4.在最后一句中，“36万人次”的定语“来自120多个国家的”可用分词短语coming from over 120 countries 来表达，但不如用介词短语from over 120 countries来表达更简洁。

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